1、（动作未发生）3） It is 3 years since he worked here. = he left here.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起）4） It was 3 oclock when they received the telephone.5） It was at 3 oclock that they received the telephone.3. once 一旦，表示时间和条件1） Once you start, you will never give up.2） Once you understand what the teac
2、her explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.4. the +比较级，the +比较级“越越”The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.5. whetheror无论是还是1） Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.2） Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.6. 祈使句+or/otherw
3、ise +结果句或祈使句+ and +结果句1） Stop doing such a foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.2） More effort, and the problem would have been settled.7. every time/each time/next time/the first time/any time等短语引导时间状语从句，表示“每当，每次，下次，第一次，任何时候”。1） Every time you meet with new words while reading, dont alway
4、s refer to your dictionary.2） Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.3） You are welcome to come back any time you want to.8. There is（no） need to do There is（no）hope/chance/possibility of doing There is（no）difficulty/trouble/point/delay（ in ）doing1） Is there any chance of our winning
5、 the match?2） There is no point in discussing the problem again.9. it 强调句：基本构成形式：It is/ was +被强调部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.It was I who/that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调是我，不是别人） It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.（强调是在大街上，不是在
6、别的地方，强调的是地点，但不用where）It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street.（强调是昨天下午，不是在别的时候，强调的是时间，但不用when）10. not. until直到才1） The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.2） It was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realiz
7、ed how serious the pollution was.（强调句）3） Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（倒装句）11. not onlybut （also）引导并列结构：作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的一个主语保持一致。Not only the teacher but also the students have their eyes examined regularly.not only. but （also）引导并列句时，n
8、ot only引导的部分置于句首时要部分倒装。1） Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship was taken away.2） Not only should we students study hard, but also we should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time.12. would rather +从句（从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用一般过去式， 表示现在或将来的愿望；从句中谓语动词用过去完成市，表示对过去
9、的愿望）1） Id rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在就把信寄出去。2） Id rather I hadnt seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没见到她。13. so, neither/nor 引导得倒装表示“另一者也如此”及前者的情况也适用于后者，用so, neither/nor引导的倒装句，助动词的选择依据前一句的谓语动词。1） He has finished his homework, so have I.2） My sister prefers coffee, so do I.3） John cant ride
10、a bicycle, neither/nor can I.若前句的谓语动词既有肯定又有否定形式时，或谓语动词不属于一类时，用It is/was the same with sb.或So it is/was with sb.1） He is a worker and he works hard, so it is with John.若后一句是对前一句所说的内容表示赞同或认可，则主语和谓语不倒装。1） It is cold today. Yes. So it is2） He visited Tokyo last week. Yes. So he did.14. 倍数表达法：A+谓语+倍数+ th
11、e + n.（size/ height/ length） + of BA+谓语+倍数+ as + abj. + as BA+谓语+倍数+ adj.比较级+ than BA +谓语+ adj.比较级+than B + by +倍数1） This square is twice the size of that one. This square is twice as large as that one. This square is once larger than that one.2） This factory produced three times as many cars as the
12、y did 10 years ago.3） He is 3 years older than IHe is older than I by 3 years.15. as/with表示“随进展”，as后面接句子，with后面接短语。1） With the industry developing, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.2） As the industry develops, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.16. with的复合结构（作状语或作定语）with
13、+ n. + adj. （with可以省略）1） （With） the street wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully.Because the street were wet and slippery, 2） The students were listening to the teacher, （with） their eyes wide open.The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wide open.wi
14、th+ n. + adv. （with可以省略）1） He put on his coat hurriedly, （with） the wrong side out.with + n. + prep-phrase （with可以省略）1） The old man was seated in the sofa, （with） a pipe in his mouth.with + n.+ to do/to be done （动词不定式的动作还未进行）with + n.+ doing/being done （动词不定式的动作正在进行）with + n.+ done （动词不定式的动作已经完成或指n.
15、所处的状态）1） With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year.2） He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling.3） With the temple being repaired, we cant visited it.17. 以here, there, in, out, up, down, away等副词开头的倒装句（多用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作）。1） Here comes the bus! （=T
16、he bus is coming here!）2） Away he went. 他走远了。（若主语是代词则主语与谓语不倒装）18. 方位状语位于句首时的倒装句。1） In front of the house stopped a police car.2） Under the tree sat a boy, with a book in his hand.19. 具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时句子要部分倒装。常用的有：little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, no sooner, in no time, by no means, in no case等。
17、20. the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, on doing表示“一就”1） On arriving （his arrival） at the airport, he was surrounded by the reporters.2） Have you give John the book? Yes, the moment I saw him.21. while/but：while侧重两者之间的对比，but多指一件事的两个对立面。1） He likes listening to music while I like watching
18、TV.2） I badly wanted that book, but I havent enough money.22. only to do作结果状语，多用来表示出人意料、结局令人沮丧的结果。动词多是终结性的词，如：find, learn, to be told, to be caught等。1） His father disappeared, never to be heard from again.2） He hurried to his office, only to be told that he was dismissed.23. only +状语的结构放在句首，主句要部分倒装。
19、1） The teacher told me that only in that way, could I learn English well.2） I received my mothers call at 11 a.m., only then did I remember it was my birthday today.24. taste, smell, look, sound, feel等感官动词作为系动词后面要接adj.作表语。1） Apple of this kind tastes very nice.2） Smelling nice, this kind of bread se
20、lls well.25. 有些动词常用作不及物动词与well或easily连用，表示某物具备的某种特征，常用的词有sell, cut , wash, last, burn等。1） His latest work sells well.2） Dry wood burns easily.26. 否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义。1） I have never seen a better film.2） I cant agree you more. 我非常同意。27. It的句型不定式作主语，it作形式主语：It +系动词+ adj./ n.+ for sb. to do （for sb.表示动
21、词不定式动作的执行者）It +系动词+ adj.+ of sb. to do （of sb.既表示动词不定式动作的执行者又表示人所具备的性质或特征）1） Its important for us to have a good knowledge of English.2） Its thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.不定式作宾语，it作形式宾语：主语+ think/consider/believe/make/feel + it + adj. /n. +for sb./of sb. + to do1） I feel it foolish of
22、 him to believe such a man.2） The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.It is said/thought/ hoped/ believedthatSb. is said/thought/hoped/believed to do1） It is said that he is studying abroad. He is said to be studying abroad.2） It is considered that many countries highly value
23、 Chinas role in helping worlds peace. = Many countries is considered to highly value Chinas role in helping worlds peace.It is time to do/It is time that +主语+动词的一般过去式，表示该是做.的时候了。1） It is time that we ended the discussion.28. 虚拟语气中的重点句型If +were/ did （动词过去式），主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表
24、示对现在情况的假设） I dont have a cell phone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to contract others.If +had done （过去完成式），主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have done（用来表示对过去情况的假设） If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer.If +were/ did （动词过去式）/ were to do/ should do，主语+情态动词
25、（would, could, might, should）+ do（用来表示对将来情况的假设） If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you.虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should, had，可省略if, 把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。 Should he act like that again, he would be fined. （If he should act like that again, ）Were h
26、e to act like that again, he would be fined. （If he were to act like that again, ）*If he acted like that again, （不可以倒装） Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have been saved. （If the doctor had come in time last night, ） If I had time now, I would go to the film with you. （不可以倒装，因为句中
27、的had不是助动词）But for- If it were not for/ If it hadnt been for But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldnt have been saved. （If it hadnt been for the determined captain, all the passengers on board） But for your rich parents, you wouldnt live such an easy life. （If it were not f
28、or your rich parents, you wouldnt live such an easy life.在suggest, insist, demand, require, request, order, advise, propose等表示建议、要求、命令、主张的动词引导的名词性从句中，从句的谓语动词要用（should） do的形式。 Mother insisted that John （should） go to bed before 9 oclock.对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary. （不是建议、要求、命令或主张） His suggestion that Tony （should） be invited to
