1、400个常用英文缩写外企上班族必备必备学习美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的
2、优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节
3、(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Pro
4、posal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包
5、括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎
6、的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。400个常用英文缩写（外企上班族必备）第一次在公司里上班，第一个mail开头是 FYI不知道啥意思，看看后面有东西，估计就是让看吧，并且有点尊敬的意思！最后才知道事 For your information有
7、次和外国客户发邮件。有个LMK的缩写。想了半天，后天查了网络，才知道是LET ME KNOW 的意思。我没有想的那么正确。所以知道一些简单的缩写是很有必要的，我在网上查了一些。不知道你们之前看过没。 数字： 2 = to/too 2B or not 2B = To be or not to be 4 = for 4ever = forever A： ASL = Age/Sex/Location AFAIC = As Far As Im Concerned AFAIK = As Far As I Know AFK = Away From Keyboard AIAMU = And Im A Mon
8、keys Uncle AISI = As I See It AKA = Also Known As AMBW = All My Best Wishes ANFAWFOWS = And Now For A Word Word From Our Web Sponsor AOTS = All Of The Sudden ASAFP = As Soon As Friggin Possible ASAP = As Soon As Possible ATST = At The Same Time AWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Ag
9、ain AWGTHTGTTSA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Sh Again AYSOS = Are You Stupid Or Something B： B4 = Before B4N = Bye For Now BBFBBM = Body By Fisher, Brains by Mattel BBIAB = Be Back In A Bit BBIAF = Be Back In A Few BBL = Be Back Later BBN = Bye Bye Now BCNU = Be Seein You BF = Boyfriend
10、 BFD = Big Fing Deal BFN = Bye For Now BHOF = Bald Headed Old Fart BIF = Basis In Fact BITD = Back In The Day Biz = Business BM = Byte Me BMOTA = Byte Me On The Ass BNF = Big Name Fan BOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes Again BR = Bathroom BRB = Be Right Back BRT = Be Right There BS = Big Smile BT = By
11、te This BTDT = Been There Done That BTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of Me BTW = By The Way BTWBO = Be There With Bells On BWDIK = But What Do I Know? BWO = Black, White or Other C： Cam = Web Camera CIAO = Goodbye (in Italian) CID = Consider It Done CIO = Check It Out CIS = CompuServe Information Service C
12、MF = Count My Fingers Cof$ = Church of Scientology CRAFT = Cant Remember A Fing Thing CRAWS = Cant Remember Anything Worth A Sh CSL = Cant Stop Laughing CTC = Choaking The Chicken CU = See You CUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You Later CWYL = Chat With You Later CYA = Cover Your Ass D： DBEYR = Dont Believe Every
13、thing You Read DD = Due Diligence DDD = Direct Distance Dial DETI = Dont Even Think It DGT = Dont Go There DHYB = Dont Hold Your Breath DIIK = Damned If I Known DILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A damn DILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A Sh DKDC = Dont Know Dont Care DL = Download DLTM = Dont Lie To M
14、e DQYDJ = Dont Quit Youre Day Job DRIB = Dont Read If Busy DS = Dunce Smiley DYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That Thing E： EG = Evil Grin EOM = End Of Message ESO = Equipment Smarter than Operator F： F2F/FTF = Face To Face FAQ = Frequently Asked Question FBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and Seat F
15、E = For Example/Fatal Error FF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures New FOAF = Friend Of A Friend FTASB = Faster Than A Speeding Bullet FT = Faint FTL = Faster Than Light FTTB = For The Time Being FUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All Recognition FUBB = Fed Up Beyond Belief FUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and Di
16、sinformation FWIW = For What Its Worth FYA = For Your Amusement FYI = For Your Information FYM = For Your Misinformation G： G2G = Got To Go G8T/GR8 = Great GAL = Get A Life GDGD = Good,Good GF = girlfriend GG = Good Game/Gotta Go GIGO = Garbage In, Garbage Out GIWIST = Gee, I Wish Id Said That GL =
17、Good Luck GLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do I GMTA = Great Minds Think Alike GNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For You GR&D = Grinning Running And Ducking GRRRR = Growling GSOAS = Go Sit On A Snake GTG = Got To Go GTGB = Got To Go, Bye GTGP = Got To Go Pee GTH = Go To Hell GTSY = Glad To See Ya GYPO = G
18、et Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN. H： HAGO = Have A Good One HAK = Hugs And Kisses HB = Hurry Back HD = Hold HHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half Kidding HHOK = Ha Ha, Only Kidding HIOOC = Help! Im Out Of Coffee Howz = How is HTH = Hope This (That) Helps HUA = Heads Up Ace HUYA = Head Up Youre a I： IAC = In Any Cas
19、e IAE = In Any Event IANAC = I Am Not A Crook IANAL = I Am Not A Lawyer IBT = In Between Technology IBTD = I Beg To Differ IC = I See/In Character IDGAF = I Dont Give A F IDGI = I Dont Get It IDK = I Dont Know IDKY = I Dont Know You IDST = I Didnt Say That IDTS = I Dont Think So IFAB = I Found A Bug
20、 IFU = I Fed Up IGGP = I Gotta Go Pee IIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot Outside IIMAD = If It Makes An(y) Difference IIRC = If I Remember Correctly IIWM = If It Were Me ILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My Keyboard ILY = I Love You IMHO = In My Humble Opinion IMNSHO = In M
21、y Not So Humble Opinion IMO = In My Opinion INMP = Its Not My Problem INPO = In No Particular Order IOH = Im Outta Here IOW = In Other Words IRL = In Real Life ISS = I Said So ITM = In The Money IYKWIM = If You Know What I Mean IYSS = If You Say So J： J/C = Just Checking J/K = Just Kidding! J/W = Ju
22、st Wondering JAFO = Just Another Fing Onlooker K： K/KK = OK/OK, OK KFY = Kiss For You KISS = Keep It Simple Stupid KIT = Keep In Touch KMA = Kiss My Ass KWIM = Know What I Mean KX = kiss KYPO = Keep Your Pants On L： L8R = Later LD = Long Distance LDTTWA = Lets Do The Time Warp Again LLTA = Lots And
23、Lots Of Thunderous Applause LMAO = Laughing My Ass Off LMK = Let Me Know LOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing Til I Cry LTNS = Long Time No See LYL = Love Ya Lots LYLAS = Love You Like A Sister M： M8T = Mate MHOTY = My Hats Off To You MM = Market Maker MorF = Male or Female? MO
24、TD = Message Of The Day MOTSS = Members Of The Same Sex MTFBWY = May The Force Be With You MWBRL = More Will Be Revealed Later MYOB = Mind Your Own Business N： N = And/Know/Now NAK = Nursing At Keyboard NAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq) NBD = No Big Deal NBIF = No Basis In Fact NFI = No F
25、ing Idea NFW = No Fing Way NIFOC = Nude In Front Of The Computer NM = Never Mind NMP = Not My Problem NMU = Nothing Much You NOYB = None Of Your Business NP = No Problem NQOCD = Not Quite Our Class Dear NRG = Energy NRN = No Reply Necessary NYCFS = New York City Finger Saluet O： OAUS = On An Unrelat
26、ed Subject OBTW = Oh, By The Way OIC = Oh, I See OICU = Oh, I See You OMDB = Over My Dead Body OMG = Oh My God/Oh My Gosh OMIK = Open Mouth, Insert Keyboard ONNA = Oh No, Not Again OOC = Out Of Character OOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The Blue OT = Off Topic OTOH = On The Other Hand OWTTE = Or Words T
27、o That Effect OZ = stands for Australia P： PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard PEM = Privacy Enhanced Mail Pic = Picture PIMP = Peeing In My Pants PITA = Pain In The Ass PLS/PLZ = Please PMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping In PO = Piss Off POS = Parents Over Shoulder POV = Point Of View PPL
28、 = People Pro = Professional PS = By The Way/Photoshop T： TAH = Take A Hike TANSTAAFL = There Aint No Such Thing As A Free Lunch TARFU = Things Are Really Fed Up TDTM = Talk Dirty To Me TEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know It TFN = Thanks For Nothin THX/TX/THKS = Thanks TIA = Thanks In Advanc
29、e TIAIL = Think I Am In Love TIC = Tongue In Cheek TLA = Three Letter Acronym TLGO = The List Goes On TM = Trust Me TMI = Too Much Information TMTOWTDI = Theres More Than One Way To Do It TPTB = The Powers That Be TSR = Totally Stuck in RAM TTFN = Ta Ta For Now TTT = Thats The Ticket/To The Top TTUL/TTYL = Talk To You Later TWHAB = This Wont Hurt A Bit
