1、英语名校风华高级中学高三年级上学期一模备考冲刺讲义阅读+六选四S风华高级中学2019年高三年级上学期一模备考冲刺讲义-阅读+六选四-S课程主题风华高级中学2019年高三年级上学期一模备考冲刺讲义-阅读+六选四-S学习目标1、把握该校过往考试动向；2、明确本次备考方向及重点；教学内容（该定向学校近3年该校相关考试卷中的易错题）Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou
2、r choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly
3、, it hit an unknown mountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we
4、slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our food couldnt last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with t
5、he snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains, ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine
6、everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers
7、 started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion a
8、nd starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer w
9、ho called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didnt wa
10、nt to stay with dead people inside.B. Because its easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help fro
11、m two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue peo
12、ple didnt notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death des
13、pite the odds is closest in meaning to _.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectation（试题来源：2019学年静安区高三英语一模卷）该校近3年该校相关试卷整体分析（含题型及分值）及阅读选材来源分析结合过往试卷分析，聚焦重点
14、专题模块一、事实细节【知识梳理】1所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。常见的提问方式有：1.According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ where/ whi
15、le/ how / how many/how much/how long/how soon/how often.?2.According to the passage, which of the following is (NOT) true / correct?3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?4.All of the following are true EXCEPT .5.The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT .6.What is
16、 the reason for according to the passage?7.Which of the following is (not) the result of ?8.Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4、正话反说。把原文中的意思
17、反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1）将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2）与原句的内容极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动，或过于绝对化。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。3）无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4）偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。5）文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，
18、确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。6）符合常识，但不是文章内容。2细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干或题肢的关键词，在文中找到题目的信息区间，仔细比对，就能得出答案，因此对这类题目要做到读得快、答得准，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。细节理解题正确选项特征： 1同义替换。指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose ones job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态
19、与被动语态的转换。2语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。3正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。细节理解题干扰选项特征： 1张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。2无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。3曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。4颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。5正误参半。部分正确，部分错误。 解题模板：第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息区间1. 抓题干关键词，首先要关注的是比较醒目的专有名词，如大写的人名、地名等，也可以是其他比较容易定位原文的单词或短语。确定关键词时，要注意该词在原文中的唯一性，这样有助于快速
20、定位原文的信息区间。2. 根据题干中的关键词，结合命题的顺序原则（题目的顺序与文章的顺序大体一致）回到原文找命题的信息区间。第二步：选项与原文逐一比对，确定正确选项把A、B、C、D四个选项的内容与原文信息进行逐一比对，仔细甄别，排除干扰项，最终确定正确答案。【例题精讲1】 （试题来源：2018学年静安区高三英语一模卷）Like the United States, Canada started as a colony. Beginning in the 1500s, it was part of New France but later became a British colony afte
21、r the Seven Years War. As a result, the Canadian government recognized the languages of both colonizers: France and England. The Constitution (宪法) Act of 1867 enshrined the use of both languages in Parliament and in federal courts. Years later, Canada strengthened its commitment to bilingualism when
22、 it passed the Official Languages Act of 1969, which reaffirmed the constitutional origins of its co-official languages and set out the protections afforded by its dual-language status.63. The acceptance of two official languages in Canada is due to _.A. the language using tradition caused by Canada
23、s colonial history.B. the convenience for business dealings by using two languages in the country.C. the welcome attitude toward immigrates from all over the world.D. the mastery of two languages of Canadians because of school education.【例题精讲2】 （试题来源：2018学年静安区高三英语一模卷）Recognition of both English and
24、French protects the rights of all Canadians. Among other benefits, the 1969 Act recognized that Canadian citizens should be able to access federal laws and government documents, whether their native language was French or English. The general law also requires that consumer products feature bilingua
25、l packaging throughout the country.64. In reality whether bilingual service provided by the federal government is necessary in different districts is decided by _.A. the legal order from the federal governmentB. the popularity of the language in the worldC. the number of schools teaching the languag
26、eD. the number of local people using the language二、推理判断【知识梳理】1解题技巧：（1）吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；（2）对文字的表面信息挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理；（3）忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测；（4）把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。【例题精讲1】 （试题来源：2018学年静安区高三英语一模卷）
27、Recognition of both English and French protects the rights of all Canadians. Among other benefits, the 1969 Act recognized that Canadian citizens should be able to access federal laws and government documents, whether their native language was French or English. The general law also requires that co
28、nsumer products feature bilingual packaging throughout the country.65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. English has gained superior legal position to French because of bigger number of users in Canada.B. The legal court usage of French and English was established
29、 in Canada in 1969.C. Both French and English should be used on products in Canada according to federal law.D. Canadian people speak either French or English in social communication. 【例题精讲2】 （试题来源：风华中学2018学年高三上学期12月月考卷）This prospect would be worrying at any time. It is particularly unwelcome now. Th
30、e internet has already offered a cheap and effective way to spread written untruths. Faked videos will be similarly easy to spread, but will be more powerful indeed because people have not yet learned to mistrust film and sound-tracks.65. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Th
31、e influence of fake videos will be more destructive than words.B. Fortunately, fake pictures and videos are not hard to tell.C. Technology may prevent an unreliable source of information from being detected.D. People will soon learn lessons from misunderstanding fake news.三、词义猜测【知识梳理】1近几年的高考阅读试题中对于词
32、义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。要做好词义猜测题，考生必须熟练掌握大纲规定的词汇，在平时的训练中要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心。还要学会根据上下文语意，进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。下面介绍5种行之有效的猜词技巧，希望对同学们提高阅读理解猜测词义题的解题能力有所帮助。2题型介绍：（1）要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或者常见基本词汇在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。（2）要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通
