1、专题03阅读理解之科普知识类最近三年高考英语真题分类精编解析版最近三年（2019-2021）高考英语真题分类精编专题03阅读理解之科普知识类【2021年】(2021全国甲卷D) 话题:天才词数:305难度:Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go be
2、yond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. Its said
3、 that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science
4、 found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
5、 planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Heres the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the
6、more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”12. What does the author thin
7、k of victors standards for joining the genius club?A. Theyre unfair. B. Theyre conservative.C. Theyre objective. D. Theyre strict.13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than b
8、oys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C. Acceptance of victors concepts.D. Changes in peoples social positions.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Th
9、ink Alike B. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。12.推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to t
10、he genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才女性或不同肤色或信仰的人做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人
11、做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。13.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。1
12、4.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。15.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come fro
13、m those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。(2021全国乙卷D) 话题:开放性办公室与噪音词数:363难度:During an interview for one of my books,
14、my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an op
15、en office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background
16、, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop significantly outper
17、formed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of backgr
18、ound noise not too loud and not total silence may actually improve ones creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus”
19、 appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks. So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others conversations while were trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interac
20、tions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.32 Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.C. It
21、has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?A. Personal privacy unprotected. B.
22、Limited working space.C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.35. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. Hes a news reporter.B. Hes an office manager.C. Hes a professional designer.D. Hes a published writer.【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢
23、开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Thats why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。33.细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;
24、 however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were sig
25、nificant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve ones creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音不要太大声，也不要完全安静实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。34.细节理解题。根据最后一段“S
26、o why do so many of us hate our open offices? coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断
27、地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。35.推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。(2021全国新高考卷D) 话题:情商词数:299难度: Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of
28、emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional s
29、kills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling
30、may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
31、 support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intel
32、ligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intel
