1、人教版英语必修五unit5知识点必修五unit5知识点详解1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb帮助某人去做. aid sb to do在事帮助某人 aid sb in He aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor.n /U/帮助; 援助在某人的帮助下with the aid of 为了帮助 in aid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He r
2、aised money in aid of the sick.知识拓展：give/offer aid 援助come to sb.s aid 帮助某人cut off aid （突然）终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护2. temporary 暂时的，临时的temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛temporary work/ solution临时工作/解决办法 3. fall illfall+ adj.illasleepawakesicksilent4 get+过去分词 表被动或状态The comp
3、uter got damaged when we were moving.My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.Peter and Mary got married last year.get doneget injured受伤get dressed穿衣服get damaged遭到破坏get changed 改变get married结婚get infected被感染get broken被弄破get lost迷失，走失5 injure v.injury to st
4、h. （部位）的伤injuries to the legsgot injuredinjuryinjuredhurt肉体，精神上的伤害（一般用语），疼痛injure意外或事故而受伤wound指外伤（刀、枪、剑伤）6. bleed-blood-bloody(v.)(n.) (adj.)His nose was bleeding. = He wasbleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose.他在流鼻血。bleed for为而流血, 悲痛bleed to death出血过多而死lose blood流血、失血flesh and blood血肉之躯7. chok
5、e vi. & vt. 窒息; 阻塞She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。At the bad news, he couldnt choke back his tear听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。The man gave a few chokes and then got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。8.essential adj. 最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的1)Sun and water are essential to the growth of
6、crops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。2)It is essential for us to set our study goal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。3)It is essential that you (should) win the votershearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。-当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时，that 从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形 。9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease,act as 作为.barrier 屏障,障碍物,隔阂Y
7、ou should show the ticket at the barrier.The language barrier10 poison n./vt. 毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisons must be put out of childrens reach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2)This matter will make some poison to the crops.这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。3)Books of this kind can make poison to children.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。4)Heroin has poisoned
8、a lot of people.海洛因毒害了很多人。5)The polluted water in the river poisoned people here.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。-poisonous adj. 有毒(害)的eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.11.protectagainst/ from保护不受的损害preventfrom doing 阻止protect your eyes from strong lightto protect you against cold prevent th
9、em from getting marriedprevent sb. (from) doingstop sb. (from) doingkeep sb. from doing12. sense (n. & v.)five senses：sense of smellsense of hearingthe sixth sensesense of touchsense of sightsense of tastesense of humour、duty、directionThe man has no common sense . (无常识)What he said made no sense.(没道
10、理)sense (v.) 感觉到Although she didnt say anything, I sensed that she didnt like the idea.(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意）13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. 该句是一个主从复合句，主句为：So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious；从句为：as you can imagine.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有“正如”或“就象”的意
11、思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，该句的主句中还含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later. 正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。as we all know = as is known to all as we expect = as is expected as everybody can seeas you can imagine14.va
12、rious 不同的，各种各样的There are various colors to choose from.vary vi 1.(in sth)be different in size, volume, strength, etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同Opinions vary on this point.15. vary (with sth); (from sth to sth)change , esp according to some factor改变, 变动, 变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Her mood
13、varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉21. jewellery=jewelry 珠宝(总称) 不可数jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物jeweljewelleryjewelsShe appeared at the reception wearing her finest jewels.She locked her jewels in the jewellery box.22.Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水-
14、y是个形容词后缀。如： windy有风hilly多小山的 sleepy困倦的 greeny略呈绿色的 spicy辛辣的 woody树木茂密的23. unbearable不能忍受的 un不能.,无法. unforgettable unwilling unusual uncertain unfairunfitunbelievable unfortunate unlike uncomfortable24. squeeze 挤；压；塞squeeze sth. into sth. 把塞进 squeeze sth. from/ out of sth. 挤出squeeze through 挤过squeeze
15、 sth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.He squeezed everything into a suitcase.She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentivelyAlthough I am busy, I still can squeeze you in at 10 oclock Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him.那些勒索者打算
16、向他榨取更多钱。Ill never give in to you, and you can squeeze nothing out of meThe little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush25. over and over againList some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and overagain and againover and again many timesrepeatedlyfrom time to t
17、imenow and thennow and againSometimesAt times26. Hold the bandage in place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定。in place在适当的地方。如：The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。Youd better put things back in place.你最好把你的东西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony.（不得体,不适当）in place 还有“准备就绪”的意思。如：Th
18、e arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。With everything in place, she started the slide show.27.Pour1. 倒,灌,注She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。 2. 倾注;大量投入;大量生产They have poured money into the tourist industry. 他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。3 倾吐,诉说She often pours her
19、 troubles to friends. 她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。不及物动词 vi. 1. 倾泻,涌流The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。 Sweat poured from Martins face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。 2. 斟茶Shall I pour? 我来斟茶好吗?3 (雨)倾盆而降(+down)The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不停地倾盆而下。 Pour cold water on/over对泼冷水Pour oil on the flames火上浇油Pour oil on t
20、roubled waters平息风波Reading2 1 award, reward, prizeaward 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：The fireman received a reward for saving the childs life.因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指
21、在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。2.Honor n. (U) 荣誉，尊敬;名誉Its a point of honor with me to reply all my debts promptly.(C)引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。(D)The successful launch of the “Shenzhou VI” is an honor to our country.do sb an honor /the honor （of doing
22、 sth）使某人有特殊的荣幸,赏光Will you do me the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光和我一起吃饭？in sbs /sths honor出于对的敬意We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。in honor of ，为纪念，为庆祝A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war.为了纪念在战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。v.给予表扬
23、（或奖励、头衔、称号）1 honor sb/sth （ with sth）The President honored us with a personal visit.2be honored for因而受到尊敬Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work.白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3 be/feel honored that很荣幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me.我很荣幸您能注意到我。4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做。I am honored to be here
24、 with you.能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。an honored guest 贵宾3 present v.Joan was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another.1.赠送present + sth. +to +sb. 把某物送给某人present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物2.introduce (sb) formally 正式介绍She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介绍给我们。3.sh
25、ow显示,呈现a smiling face显出一张笑脸4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividly ed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动adj. 作前置定语,“目前的,现在的” 作后置定语,“出席的,在场的the present membersthe members presentn.gift 礼物相关短语：the present day 今天(=today) at presentat the present timenow 现在for the present 暂时the present 现在(相当于名词)be present at出席;到场4).cer
26、emonyn. (C)典礼；仪式(U)礼节；礼仪；客套The wedding ceremony was beautiful.There is no need for ceremony between us.Expressions:stand on ceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套with ceremony 正式；隆重without ceremony不拘礼节地；随便地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony.人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。 5). John was studying in his room when he heard
27、 screaming.此句型中when作并列连词相当于and then意为”正当时突然”,常用于以下句型：be doing when 正在做突然be about to do when 即将做突然be on the point to dowhen正要去做.突然has/have/had donewhen 刚刚这时 (突然)6 cut ones finger 割破手指have ones hair cut 理发cut expenses 减少费用cut a class 逃学Was your salary cut? 你的薪水减少了吗?习惯用语：be cut out for 有做某事的天赋; 适合于; 与.
28、相配合short cut 捷径, 近路(一般和make, take 连用; 有时用作定语)draw cuts 抽签cut about 乱切, 乱砍 乱跑cut at 向.砍去 猛打 毁掉cut away 切除, 剪掉 匆匆跑掉cut back(on) 减少; 剪短; 倒叙; 缩减; 中断; cut down 削减, 压缩 砍倒 使丧命 比.强; 使.逊色cut in 插进来说, 插嘴 夹进来, 夹塞 干预 超车 cut into 插进来, 参加(谈话), 打断(别人的话); 减少, 缩减; 切开; 侵犯(利益)cut off切断, 停掉 隔绝, 挡住 死掉 使电话中断 切剪下来 剥夺(继承权)
29、cut out 删掉 停止(机器)失灵7.a number of+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多，大量的. .”，the number of +可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“. . 的数量”eg:1)A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了很多问题。2)The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years.在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加。-其他表示“许多，大量”的短语：a great /good manya large /great /good/small number of +可数名词a good few / quite a fewmany amucha great / good deal of a great / large amount of +不可数名词quite a littlea lot of / lots of a great / large quanitity of +可数或不可数名词large quanitities ofplenty of8.put ones hands on 找到eg: Few of the students have put their hands on the mat
