1、i want to use a picture to illustrate it. for example, given some market channels, farmers choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and the additional costs that related to transacting .especially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market an
2、d the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers. furthermore, farmers market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and production surplus. consequently, the scientific question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters choices.3. methodologylets
3、move to the theoretical model of our research. consider a household model in one rotation. in stage 1 , famer needs to allocate the input factors .this process can qbe set into a function like this q? ? q（ p , w , z ? ） , q means the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the output price w im
4、plies input price and.z: is fixed input. once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much products to be transacted in market. here we use three cc（）c means how functions to describe this question. the first equation, c ?p , z ?much agricultural products
5、 used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagricultural product,z ?suggests the fluctuation of c. the second equation q ? q ?c?, q means the amount of agricultural products transacted inq?n?market. the third equationi ?implies the amount exchanged in nth time.in stage 3, farmers will decid
6、e to sell the products to whom. chanel js market price isbdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers negotiating power.pij?p*j?b（qi,zi）besides this, we use a matrix to show the net profit of chanel jx ik? ik, ? ik ?and then farmers choice can be expressed in a typical choice modelexp（xij?）pr（ji?j|xi
7、k）?1 exp（xij?）? k?1based on the choice model, another important concept is famers channel choice .here, we set five types .they rank by the market barriers. accordingly, we set a group discrete number to express them. y: dependent variable y=5,means farmer choosebrokers. y=1, farmers sell products t
8、o consumers directly.4. data and estimation procedureshere, we illustrate the data distribution with this map. according to the agricultural regionalization from department of agriculture, the apple specialization areas in china contain two parts: bo sea area and loess plateau. bo sea area in red co
9、lor, contains hebei, shandong and liaoning 3 provinces. and loess plateau in green color, contains shanxi, henan, shaanxi and gansu 4 provinces. firstly, we use pps method to get the first stage sampling unit 14 counties in 7 provinces. then use random sample method to get village and household. the
10、y are our sample distribution.5. empirical results6. conclusions第二篇：英文学术会议主持人发言稿good morning,ladies and gentleman.welcome to harbin,a beautiful northland ice city of china.im abc,from school of economics and management of hit.its a very very great pleasure to participate in the 5th international fin
11、ance conference as the chairman,its my first time to do so.and i really really enjoy being stay here with you this morning.the international finance conference has been held 4th times by cfa institute since 1998. the purpose of the conference is to share our experiences and knowledge in regard to th
12、e theory, frontier developments and reaserches, as well as possible applications of them in solving practical problems a lot of current issues have been discussed,and some of them have been effectively soluted.today,as the first time of the conference debut in this city,well have a unique session.th
13、e topic of prepared presentations is the application of quantitative methods in finance ,todays speakers will share their thoughts on how to effectively run models in different issues and give a reasonable answer.then,well have a q&a session,which allows the everyone to ask some questions you ma
14、y be interested. i am sure that you will find some topics to be presented both interesting and informative. now,let me introduce the first speaker,who is very very rich,not in dollars,but in knowledges and experiences,he got his ph.d in financial economics at the ucb,followed by a series of teaching
15、 and research positions at mit and harvard. please dont hesitate to join me in welcoming our first speaker, prof.syc, whose topic is entitled threshold effect between the scale of shadow banking and the stability of the banking system. welcome.thank you for the impressive speech .as far as we konw,s
16、hadow banking system played an important role in the last financial crisis mainly derived from its high leverage and asymmetric information characteristics.which produced a supervision dilemma.because lack of information, regulators were unable to measure the actual risk of the financial system.it i
17、s crucial for to take a further knowledge of approaches to gauge the risk exposure more entirely and more precisely.prof syc has given an eye opener as well as a very meaningful lesson.thank you again,prof syc.plz alow me to introduce the next speaker, wusiqin,who is the corporate department manager
18、 of china construction bank in harbin. she holds a bachelor degree of science in engineering of hit,she also holds a master of business administration of renmin university of china.her topic today is coordinated development trend of chinas science-technology finance and economic growth level.lets we
19、lcome miss wu.thank you for your speech,miss wu. we are delighted to be able to share your new specific strategies and techniques. miss wus speech is about frontier science,which is profound and predictive,greatly widen our horizon,as least my horizon. anyway, i would like to express to her the most
20、 sincere appreciationthe next speaker,mr.jxs, has hosted a daily tv program with respect to economic issues on the and has appeared on cctv,who is also the author of an upcoming book named <more money than nation>.so to speak to you on innovationcapability of high tech enterprises by gray theo
21、ry, please weclome mr jxs with the warmest applause.wow what an innovative idea,to quantify the inonovation ability and classify into different categories. try to think about it and you ll find its very enlightening. thank you for the excellent presentations and ideas.now,i ll be very pleased and ex
22、cited to introduce the next speaker,mrs hujianjie,who is the vice president of cfa institute.to represent the sponsor host unit ,its the fifth time for her to be the final presenter.her breadth and depth of knowledge,profound discoveries and distinctive ideas always cause shock at the conference.tod
23、ay,mrs hu will address you on relationship between stock liquidity and asset liquidity of listed companies,i cant wait to her inspiring ideas. welcome!thank you very much for the extremely enlightening presentation. generally,we wanna investigate the correlation of asset liquidity and stock liquidit
24、y, thereby linking stock liquidity to corporate finance decisions.but the relationship between asset liquidity and stock liquidity is ambiguous.in her speech, mrs hu introduce a useful model to explore the ambiguous relationship,which may shed new light on the importance of firms investment and fina
25、ncing decisions.ladies and gentleman,our distinguished speakers hv finished their presentations,we now enter into the question and answer session.during this session,prof.syc,miss.wu,mr.jxs,mrs.hujianjie and i will be very happy to answer as many of your questions as we could.are there any questions
26、?ok,well,i m sorry to say that this session will have to stop here.thank you for your questions.i hope this was as good a session for you as it was for us.ladies and gentlemen,i shall end here by thanking you for coming to the the 5th international finance conference. i hope that you have benefited
27、much from the conference and from discussions with colleagues.i would like to thank mrs.hu and the cfa institute for offering me the opportunity to be the chairman.thanks to everybody who has contributed to the conference and all other participants.thank you for your time and attendance.ladies and g
28、entlemen, you have my best wishes for your still greater achievements in your career. now, i declare the conference closed.lets meet again in beijing in 20XX.第三篇：会议开场白开场各位优秀的合作伙伴，大家上午好：好，谢谢大家的配合，今天哪，咱大家来到这里咱大家就是一个团队，说团队讲的就是一致性，当我向大家问好时，大家的回应能不能更加响亮，更加一致呢！现在我跟大家分享一个问候方式，当我问候大家好的时候，我希望大家回应我的不只是一个好字，而是
29、：好！很好！非常好！好吗各位？我看谁的声音最大，声音越是大的老板今年你的钱包就越大。 各位优秀的合作伙伴，大家上午好：就凭这一句我相信今年各位老板的钱包一定会大大的、满满的。很高兴今天能站在这里与大家一同学习，也很高兴在这里与大家相识，今天也有幸请到了公司的几位领导在这呢做个自我介绍，我姓张 叫 帅，是咱福源集团重点品牌市场部的一员，虽然我叫张帅，但是长的帅不帅这个是大家说的算，我相信群众的眼光是雪亮的，大家觉得我长得还可以就请大家给我来电点掌声。 谢谢大家，谢谢大家对我的鼓励与支持。今天呢、感谢各位老板在百忙之中抽时间来参加我们福源集团举办的“技术拔尖营”我们的技术拔尖营截至目前已经成功举办34期，受益的学员达三千多人，直接影响终端养殖户上万人。我们技术拔尖营的开展，一来是为了更好的去帮助各位老板维护好你的客户，让您在下边有一个大的客户群体，而来是帮助各位老板发展好门店，让大家的生意越做越大，也能够让大家与教授面对面的交流、沟通、探讨，从而增
