1、4年高考江苏省高考英语真题汇编 说明文阅读江苏省2011-2014年高考英语真题汇编说明文阅读（2014江苏）CMost damagingly, anger weakens a persons ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone ex
2、periences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated
3、. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one persons awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show
4、 balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas arent balanced and, as a result of this, we
5、re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance
6、 behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person
7、 moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the i
8、ndividual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.61. The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger _.A. usually has
9、 a biological basis B. varies among peopleC. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences ones thinking and evaluation62. What changes can be found in an angry brain? ZXXKA. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C. Electrical activity cor
10、responds to ones behaviour.D. Electrical activity agrees with ones disposition.63. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.64. What is
11、 the key message of the last paragraph?A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions.C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger.61. C 62. B 63. A 64. D（2013江苏）CIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved
12、 (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this deco
13、mpression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and c
14、onsequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the probl
15、em was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and fro
16、m the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous
17、ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thi
18、nks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of wh
19、ich were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61. Wh
20、ich of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.62. The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see _.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted t
21、o decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones63. Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 _.A. confirmed his assumption B. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumption D. changed his research objectives64. Rothschild might have conclud
22、ed that ichthyosaurs _.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it61. A 62. B 63. C 64. A(2012江苏)BDeputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrig
23、an sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The countrys fanners are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census
24、 (普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of fanners is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more studen
25、ts to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of .Americas farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No.1 on a list of useless college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the a
26、ttention of agricultural organizations across the country.“There couldnt be anything thats more incorrect, Merrigan said. We know that there arent enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict
27、will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.“I truly believe were at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows, said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. Production costs are going to be valuable eno
28、ugh that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture. The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal poli
29、cy changes to make it easier for new farmers.Ryan Best, president of Future Fanners of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21 -year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a new time in agriculture
30、-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics. Never before have we had the innovations ( 创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been,” he said. “theres really a place for everybody to fit in.”59. What is the new challe
31、nge to American agriculture?A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices.C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output.60.Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?A. To draw federal agriculture officials attention.B. To select qualified agriculture graduates.C. To clar
32、ify a recent blog posting.D. To talk more students into farming careers61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because_.A. the government will cover production costsB. global food supplies will be even lowerC. investment in agriculture will be profitableD. America will increase its food export62. What do the underlined words to turn around the statistics in the last paragraph mean?A. To re-analyze the result of
