1、重庆医科大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题重庆医科大学2013年博士研究生入学考试（英语）真题Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk abouthow proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danestalk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commenting on itstininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its
2、language, the generalsmall-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. NoDane would look you in the eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.” Youresupposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half thenational budget goes to
3、ward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there isplenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programmes, jobseminarsDanes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearing about wastemanagement is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded byEnglish, in advertising, pop music,
4、 the Internet, and despite all the Englishthat Danish absorbsthere is no Danish Academy to defend against itolddialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. Itis the land where, as the saying goes, “ Few have too much and fewer have toolittle,” and a foreigner is struck
5、 by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails,where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame havedisappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclersabout55% of Danish garbage gets made into something newand no nuclear power plants.Its a nation of tireless p
6、lanners. Trains run on time. Things operate well ingeneral. Such a nation of overachieversa brochure from the Ministryof Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and mostorganized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark isthe most corruption-free
7、society in the Northern Hemisphere.” So, of course,ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti onbuildings (“Foreigners Out of Denmark!”), broken beer bottles in the gutters,drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through aDanish
8、town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is afield of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not anation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light tochange, even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dontthink
9、of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light peoplethatshow they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people,improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though oneshould not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes.Orderliness is a main
10、 selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limitedmanufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, anddistributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, andthese bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplinedpeople will
11、get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, andRussia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern andwell-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danishlives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell youso. You can hear ple
12、nty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholismand about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves.An orderly society can not exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danesgrow up with. Certain things ar
13、e yours by virtue of citizenship, and youshouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyoneelse. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits youget if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and theorderliness of the system makes it p
14、ossible for the country to weather highunemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis. 16. The author thinks that Danes adopt a _ attitudetowards their country. A. boastfu l B.modest C. deprecating D. mysterious 17. Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristiccited in the passage?
15、 A. Fondness of foreign culture. B. Equality in society. C. Linguistic tolerance. D. Persistent planning. 18. The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministryof Business and Industry is _. A. disapproving B. approving C. noncommittal D. doubtful 19. According to the passage, Danish orderliness
16、_. A. sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes B. spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples C. is considered economically essential to the country D. prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles 20. At the end of the passage the author states all thefollowing EXCEPT that _. A.
17、 Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits B. Danes take for granted what is given to them C. the open system helps to tide the country over D. orderliness has alleviated unemployment 文章大意：丹麦良好的秩序和整洁的环境。 16【答案B】推断题。文中首句，DespiteDenmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud the
18、y are to beDanes，这里的意思是，尽管丹麦有很多优点，但是丹麦人从不夸耀自己的国家，所以应该选择B，即“保持谦虚的态度”。 17【答案A】细节题。注意选择不符的那项，可用排除法。文中第2段第1句，.half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities，也就是说一半的国家预算都用于消除社会的不平等，对应B选项；第2句又提到，.despiteall the English that Danish absorbs. old dialects persist in Jutland that canbar
19、ely be understood by Copenhageners，这是描述丹麦语言的多样性，对应C选项；而这一段的倒数第3句提出，Its a nation of tirelessplanners，对应D选项。排除这3项，应该选择文中没有提及的A选项。 18【答案D】推断题。文中第3段首句提到，丹麦工商部长称丹麦是世界上最干净、最有秩序的国家，没有污染、犯罪、贫穷等。而紧接着作者描写了“外国人滚出丹麦”的标语，下水道里的碎酒瓶，以及醉倒在公园里的青少年。这说明作者对工商部长的说法表示怀疑，所以应该选择D。 19【答案C】细节题。文中第4段中间部分提到，Orderlinessis a main
20、 selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limitedmanufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, anddistributor of goods，这里表明了丹麦的秩序可以促进该国经济的增长，尤其是在代理、银行、配销等领域。所以应该选择C，即“在经济上十分重要”。 20【答案D】细节题。注意选择不符的那项，可用排除法。末段第3句，Therules of the welfare system are clear to everyo
21、ne，对应A选项；而前一句，Certain things areyours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking whatyoure entitled to，这里的意思是“你是（丹麦）公民，那么某些东西就属于你，而你拿了本属于自己的东西无需感觉不安”，对应B选项；最后一句，andthe orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather highunemployment and social unrest withou
22、t a sense of crisis，这里的意思是“体系的秩序性使丹麦能够经受高失业和社会动荡的考验，而不引发危机感”，对应C选项，即“帮助国家度过难关”。排除这3项，所以应该选择文中没有提及的D。 TEXT B 2002 TEM8Cooperative competition. Competitivecooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their headsover whats going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a ble
23、ssing totravellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyerbenefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreasedcompetition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, theresno escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting,
24、with each ofthe two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as thebest choice for all travellers. And, even if you turn away from their ads,chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of theyear, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more
25、than 40% of thetraffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in10 years Butwhy, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to bandtogether? Lets just say the timing is mutually convenient. North Americanairlines, having exhausted all means of earni
26、ng customer loyalty at home, havebeen looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carriers are stillhurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years agojustwhen some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances alsoallow carriers to cut costs and incr
27、ease profits by pooling manpower resourceson the ground （ratherthan each airline maintaining its own ground crew）and code-sharingthepractice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft. Soalliances are terrific for airlinesbut are they good for the passenger?Absolutely, say the a
28、irlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP（frequentflyer programme）benefits,the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then theres the promiseof “seamless” travel: the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to NewYork to Rio de Janeiro, all on one ticket, without having to
29、 wait hours forconnections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, CathayPacifics director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is stillevolving. “Its fair to say that these links are only in their infancy. The keyto seamlessness rests in infrastructure and informati
30、on sharing. Were workingon this.” Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some ofthe other benefits for consumers: “Global travellers have an easier time makingconnections and planning their itineraries.” Ma claims alliances also assurepassengers consistent service standards. Cr
31、iticsof alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in thesky that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizingservices and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editorof Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyho
32、o over alliances ismuch ado about nothing. “I dont see much of a gain for consumers: alliancesare just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, Ill believeit when I see it. Most airlines cant even get their own connections undercontrol, let alone coordinate with another airline.” Blyskalbelieves alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices andincreased costs for consumers.
