1、状语从句一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义：在复合句中作状语的从句功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。二：考点与难点1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较；2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的时态问题；4、状语从句倒装及省略； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。三：九种常见状语从句用法1. 时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词1）.基本
2、类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc.2）. 名词类the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一就); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, the day, the year, the morning etc.3）. 副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.)4）.句型类：no soonerthan, ha
3、rdly/scarcely when, etc. (一就)注意：1. when, as, while When when表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用持续性动词。Eg:. When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when表示段时间） 2). He waved a hello when he saw her.（when表示点时间）. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时 ,突然”，相当于and then suddenly。常用于下列句式： be doing / be about to do s
4、th/ be on the point of doing / have/had done + whenEg.1). I was about to go out when the door bell rang. 2). One evening I was having my dinner when an unexpected friend knocked my door. 还可以表示原因,意思是 “既然”，相当于 since; considering thatEg. 1). It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily wa
5、lk there in five minutes . 2). How can he get good grades when he wont study?While while通常表示一段时间，从句中常用持续性动词作谓语。Eg: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“然而”。Eg: 1). I am fond of English while he likes maths.while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”。Eg. While they love the children, they are stri
6、ct with them.As 表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。eg: She is singing a song as she took a bath. as表示随着eg: As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.2. till, until和notuntil1）until /till用于肯定句时，表示直到 为止，主句必须为持续性动词。eg: We shall wait until/ till he comes back.2） Notuntil/till表示直到才 ，主句通常要用短暂性动词。eg: People
7、 do not know the value of their health till/ until they lose it.3) 当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。eg: 直到那时，我才知道我错了。 Not until then did I know I was wrong. 3. before：1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. “才2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. “不到就” 3 Please write it d
8、own before you forget it. “趁”4Before I could remember a word, he had checked me. “还没来得及” 5. 句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才” 如：还有2年他才离国。 It will be two years before he leaves the country.6. 句型It will be/was not一段时间before“没过多久就”。 如：没过2年他就离国了 It wasnt two years before he left the country.4since, ever
9、 since1Since：自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为现在完成时，从句中一般用一般过去时。Eg: 1). 自从我上次见你，你到哪里去了Where have you been since I last saw you。2ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。Eg: He has been sadeversincethe death of his wife. 2). 从她小时候起，她就一直在集邮。Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. 句型It is/has been段时间sinc
10、eEg: 1). Its two years since he was a college student. 他大学毕业已有两年了 2). It has been just a week since we arrived here. 我们 到那里有一个星期了。5.“一就”表达法：1) as soon as. Eg.一下课我就去厕所 I went to the toilet as soon as the class was over.2) Immediately， instantly， directlyEg:他一到家马上就给她打了电话。They phoned her immediately th
11、ey reached home.3) the moment, the minute, the instant, the secondEg: 1).他说他一回家就开电视。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.2). 告诉他他一回来我就要见他。Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.4).hardly / scarcelywhen, no soonerthan主句通常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序
12、。Eg: 他刚出发就想起家来。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.No sooner had he started out than he felt homesick.6.next time, the first time, the last time, every time 等eg: 1). 下次你进城一定来看我们。Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.2). 我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象He left me a good impression the firs
13、t time I met him.3). 我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情Every time I see him he looks miserable.4).上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed very happy.7.by the timeby the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为”到 时为止“，主句一般要用完成时态。Eg: 1). By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself
14、.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 (从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)2). 在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。I shall have finished my work by the time you return.反馈训练一：翻译下列句子1. 趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来2. 我坚持不断地努力直到获得成功。3. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。4. 我们刚开始就被叫停。5. 下次你来的时候，就会见到他。二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有if, unless, s
15、o/ as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing(that), provided(that), providing(that)等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。1.if: 如果。注意：if only和only if的对比。if only : 但愿，要是就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。only if : 只有，等于only on condition that，从句用陈述语气。Eg: 如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。Difficult
16、ies are nothing if we are not afraid of them.只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.要是我知道该多好。If only I knew!2.unless如果不、除非。等于if not Eg: I wont let you in unless you show me your pass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。3.so long as, as long as, on condition that这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是。Eg: .只要我们不灰心，我们就能找
17、到克服困难的方法 As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.4.in case万一，如果 ，等于if it happens that。Eg: . In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. 如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺5.providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that如果，只要，假如Eg: 1). Given that they are inexper
18、ienced, theyve done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略)2).假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办？Suppose thst /Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do反馈训练二：翻译下列句子1. 哪里有水，哪里就有生命。2. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。3. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。三.原因状语从句1. 引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是 because, since, 和as，because直接原因,必不可少的原因，非推断，是整个句子的重点，语气最强回答wh
19、ysince 通常放句首译为“既然，鉴于”主从句的时态一般相同。 as 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱，多放于句首注意：1. 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since. 2. because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以，这时主语一般都是it, this, that3. since往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。for可做并列连词，不可用于句首，要放句中，引导后半句表原因，强调推理解释。反馈训练三：用because, as, since 填空It was _ he was ill that h
20、e didnt go with us.Its_ he is too lazy._you are here, you must do it.2复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now that, seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, in that等，Eg: 1). Now (that) (= Since) you mention it, I do remember.2). 考虑到他们是初学者，他们已经做得不错了Considering that the
21、y are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.四.结果状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有so that/ sothat/suchthat1. so +adj./adv. +thatso +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数+ thatso +many/much/few/little+名词+thate.g. 1). It is so hot that we cant sleep. 2). It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice. 2. such +a/an+adj.+
22、单数可数名词+thatsuch +adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+thatsuch +a lot of/lots of +名词+thateg:It is such a useful book that she has read it twice. There was such delicious food that he had too much.3. so that 引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用，且从句前多有逗号与主句分开。例如：She hurried, so that she caught the bus.(结果） She hurried
23、so that she might catch the bus.（目的）反馈训练四: 用so that/ sothat/suchthat 填空：1.He studied hard _ he passed the exam. 2.He was _ angry _ he couldnt speak. 3. There was _a lot of rain _ we couldnt go out. 4. Its_ an interesting film _ we all want to see it. 5. He had _many falls _ he was black and blue all
24、 over. 6. I am going to the lecture early _ Ill get a good seat. 五.让步状语从句让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否）, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though等词注意：1. Although 和though均意为“虽然，尽管”但是althoug
25、h较though 正式，更多用于句首，though可用于句首、句中或句末。二者均不可以与but边用，但可以与副词yet, still, nevertheless等连用。Eg: Although (though) he was ill, (sill/yet) he went on working.2. as引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”.从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为：n./adj./adv./v +as +主语谓语Eg: 1).尽管他很年轻，他能用几种外语读写Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages
26、.2). Child as he was, he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）3.whether.or (not) .不管还是。Eg: 不管你相信与否，这是真的。 Whether you believe it or not, its true. 反馈训练五： 1. No matter _ much I have to pay, I will take it.2. No matter _ you think, you must apologize to her.3. No matter _ method you have been using,
27、 today you must do as I tell you.4.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child. A.ever since B.now that C.even though D.even as5._ you like it or not, you will have to give up smoking.A.If B.Whether C.How D.Why6.You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you h
28、ave to do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever7.You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like.A.Whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.however六、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever和everywhere，anywhere等引导，Eg. 1). Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.2). 你最好在有问题的地方做上符号Youd better make a
29、 mark where you have any questions.3). Ill go wherever he goes.4). 他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。 Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。Eg: 1). 你应该把书放在原来的地方。 You should put the book at where it was.(no) You should put the book where it was.(yes)2). 我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。We should go to wher
30、e we are needed most.(no) We should go where we are needed most.(yes)反馈训练六：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.-Where do you plan to work?-Ive made up my mind to go _Im most needed.A.to the place B.to which C.that D.where2.I will go to a country for a holiday _ there are a lot of flowers and trees.A.in the place B.where C.which D.wherever七.目的状语从句引导词：so，so that，in order that，in case，for fear that，lest(唯恐，以免，为不使）等。其谓语动词常与情态动词can，could，may，might，should，would连用。Eg: 1). 带上雨衣，以防下雨 Take your raincoat in case it rains.2).他很早就离开了，生怕错过最后一班火车。 He
