1、版高考英语话题版大一轮复习讲义语法专题 第四部分考点一定语从句.语法填空考点聚焦考向1关系代词引导的限制性定语从句Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015全国)答案 that/which解析考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark wat
2、ers，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/which。考向2“介词whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句1When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.(2015广东)答案where解析根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词the market，故填关系副词where。2Behind him were other people to
3、 he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.(2011广东)答案whom解析此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为other people，指的是人，而且与介词to连用，所以填whom。考向3关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句1But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, I was the first Western T
4、V reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全国)答案when解析考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是表示时间的the mid1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。2Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the development of chopstic
5、ks.(2016全国)答案who解析考查定语从句的引导词。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who。3Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary， made her feel like a star.(2012广东)答案which解析由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用which引导。.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的误用The dishes 或what I cooked were Moms f
6、avorite.(2016四川)解析句法错误。分析句子结构可知，dishes后跟的是定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，应用that/which引导。引导词在定语从句中作cooked的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把what删除。考向2非限制性定语从句中关系代词的误用Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner， might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国)解析考查定语从句。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不可。考向
7、3“介词关系代词”的错用、多余或遗漏1Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2012大纲全国)解析此处考查which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，for在此处多余，故应删除。2There，Katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one of has been t
8、o China several times.I just cant wait.(2011重庆)解析考查非限制性定语从句中“代词of关系代词”，因关系词指人，并且作of的宾语，只能用whom，不能用who。考点二名词性从句.语法填空考点聚焦考向1宾语从句中的连接词1As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全国)答案how解析分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形
9、容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词，故填how。2I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(2014广东)答案why解析考查宾语从句中的连接词。“我”不知道/不明白 会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导。3The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other stu
10、dents wondered the boy would do.(2012广东)答案what解析所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。考向2主语从句中的连接词(近几年未考)考向3表语从句中的连接词(近几年未考)考向4同位语从句中的连接词(近几年未考).短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1连接词的错用1My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live.(2016全国)解析考查宾语从句的连接词。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语。故用where引导。2After looking at
11、the toy for some time，he turned around and found 或where his parents were missing.(2015全国)解析句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。3This is I need to improve in the future.(2013大纲全国)解析考查表语从句。improve既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为“我需要提高的地方(where)”，也可以为“我需要提高的内容(what)”。4“He has ruined his health.We are
12、 worried about him.”That is other teachers say.(2013辽宁)解析考查表语从句中的连接词。what作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。考向2连接词的多余与其他If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tell your teacher immediately.(2014四川)解析考查宾语从句中的连接词。that后为陈述式的宾语从句，作notice的宾语，从句中不缺成分，因此when是多余的，应删除。考点三并列句和状语从句.语法填空考点聚焦考向1并列句中的连词1It was time f
13、or her to have a new baby， it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016四川)答案and解析句意为：是时候再生一个孩子了，熊猫宝宝也到独立的时候了。It was time for.和it was also time for.之间是并列关系，故用and连接。2But the river wasnt changed in a few days even a few months.(2014新课标全国)答案or解析a few days和a few months为选择关系，因此要用or连接。3We w
14、ere told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week， for the week after.(2014广东)答案but解析not.but.为固定结构，表示“不是而是”。4So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much too little.”(2013广东)答案nor解析neither.nor既不也不，为固定搭配。考向2状语从句中的连词1Over time， the
15、 population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016全国)答案as/when解析as/when当时，随着。2The mother(panda)held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.(2016四川)答案When/If解析根据语境可知，w
16、hen(当时)和if(如果)用在此处都合适。句意为：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。3One day，the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.(2015广东)答案when解析be doing sth.when.正在做某事这时。when意思是“正在这时”。4Unbelievable! Oh.， you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep breath.(2014辽宁)答案if解析句意为：如果你不介意，我要停下来做一下深呼吸。根据句意可知，应填if引导条件状语从句。.短
17、文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1并列句中并列连词的错用或缺失1Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables high quality oil are used for cooking.(2016全国)解析考查并列连词的用法。根据句意可知，二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。2We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home，it is comfortable there is no need to spend money.(2016全国)解析考查连
18、词的用法。如果呆在家里，感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，此处应是并列关系，而不是转折关系。3Mom has a fulltime job， she has to do most of the housework.(2016四川)解析行文逻辑错误。has a fulltime job与has to do most of the housework之间是转折关系，故将so改为but。4He had a deep voice，which set him apart from others in our small town， he was strong and powerful.(2013新课标全
19、国)解析句中which引导的是定语从句，修饰主句He had a deep voice，而主句与从句后的分句he was strong and powerful之间缺少连词，根据他们的并列关系，确定第二个he前加and。考向2状语从句中连词的错用1My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor I was packing them up.(2015陕西)解析句意为：我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我包装饼干的时候，掉在了地上一些。when/while当的时候，after在之后。根据句意应将after改为when/while。2. I was o
20、nly a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.(2015浙江)解析考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我永远忘不了它。根据句意，应将if改为although或though。3And it is wise to have as many good friends we can.(2014大纲全国)解析as many.as we can为固定句式，as引导比较状语从句。4. waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to g
21、et impatient.(2013陕西)解析句意为：等候了大约半个小时后，我开始不耐烦了。故应把Before改为After。考向3状语从句中连词的重复、缺失与其他1At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.(2016全国)解析whenever引导状语从句，从句缺少主语I。2Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，或but we have ne
22、ver had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014新课标全国)解析在让步状语从句中，although不可以与but连用，但可以与yet连用。3In fact，he even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013新课标全国)解析句中during为介词，不可以连接两个并列的句子，根据逻辑关系，后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。考点四主谓一致和特殊句式.语法填空考点聚焦考向1主谓一致Leavin
23、g the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.(2016全国)答案is解析考查主谓一致。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less.，动名词短语作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。考向2强调句(近几年未考)考向3省略句(近几年未考)考向4感叹句(近几年未考).短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)考向1主谓不一致1He would ask who we and pretend not to know us.(2016浙江)解析考查主谓一致。这句话的主语是we，谓语应用复
24、数。2Hard work made him very ill.(2013辽宁)解析考查主谓一致。work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。3Finally，there a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(2013陕西)解析考查主谓一致。There be应该与其后主语a sudden pull在数上保持一致。考向2倒装句中的结构错误1I couldnt believe my lucknot only did I my photo taken with him，but he signed his name on my shirt！(2011
25、陕西)解析考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did主语动词原形”，故had应改为have。2After we left，I said，“That was very nice of you，Mother.But I didnt think she looked like Grandma.”“Neither did ，” said Mother cheerfully.(2010浙江)解析考查倒装句。“neither助动词主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。一、句式在语法填空中的考查并列句或复合句中的连(接)词为语法填空必考内容，句式结构的判断至关重要。1并列连词：连接两个或几个词、短语或句子的
26、并列连词有and，or，but，neither.nor，either.or，whether.or等。2引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词(有意义，并在从句中作句子成分)，以及that(不作任何句子成句，没有任何意义)，和表示“是否”的whether/if。其中要特别注意连接代词what的意义和用法。3引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。注意：关系词是代表先行词并在定语从句中作句子成分的。4引导状语从句的从属连词。5特殊句式常考的语法项目包含主谓一致、倒装句、强调句、省略句、感叹句、祈使句等。考查形式有谓语动词的数、状语从句的省略中的非谓语动词、助动词、替代词或标志性的词等。应对策略若含有两个主谓
27、结构的句子之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连词。如：一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。二、句式在短文改错中的考查1对于定语从句的考查主要涉及限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的错用。2对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及what与that、whi
28、ch混用等。3对于并列连词或从属连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当，缺少连词以及多余连词(although不能与but连用，because不能与so连用)等情况。4对于特殊句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一致、含有助动词的谓语结构错误和替代词的错用等。应对策略1对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、名词性从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连词在句中作何成分，判断正误；(2)注意but(转折)、and(并列)、or(或者/选择)、so(因此/结果)等
29、逻辑关系词之间的混用；(3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用。2遇到特殊句式，要注意主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等的构成特点。专题1定语从句定语从句的句法功能及相关定义1功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.As is known to us all，the earth is s
30、pinning around the sun.3先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some，any，every，no与body，thing的合成词或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。4关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。关系副词：when，where，why等。定语从句的核心考点1确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit in China.(visit后面不能再加many places/them)2在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词
