1、giving out badges （黴章）with the slogan “Tube chat?” last month, encouraging commuters in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8million, expecting many refusals and most of them （23） （throw） away, but after about 24hours it completely snowballed,
2、” he says.Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign （24） （feature） in media across the world eversince, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.Although Dunne says hes received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his
3、sentiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of （25） own, handing out500 badges with the words “Dont even think about it” on them.“I （26） hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way towork,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, ag
4、rees. “Being on the Tubeis the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and （27） work. It doesntneed to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you,” he says. While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.Doe
5、s Dunne hope that some of this community spirit （28） （mirror） in the UKfollowing his campaign? “People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, （29） Idont, but its been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, Oct 10, the curator （馆长）of the L
6、ondon Transport Museum had me over for tea.”So if you ever end up （30） （use） public transport in the West, why not say hello to theperson next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first. Section B Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only A. overtoo
7、kB. promisingC. likelihoodD. ridiculousE. shared F. controlledG beliefsH. reasonableI. trendJ. trackedK. demonstratedonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.The rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fakeplaces, has led to Facebook and Goog
8、les （31） to deal with them. But are we really so easy tofool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if its （32） enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a swrge（大浪）in fake news. According to an analysis
9、by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation （33） the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters a
10、ll the timeHis followers dont fact-check anything - theyll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously （34） rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that sharesand social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed （使.相形见绌）those of the articles thatexp
11、osed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to peopleshopes and fears, and arent （35） by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareablecontent.You might think youre immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees.Back in the 1940s, res
12、earchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more （36） itsounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was （37） practically in 1977 when researchers in the USquizzed colleg
13、e students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the （38） of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found
14、 that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect peoples （39） . Even ifpeople are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,
15、” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a persons knowledge still has a large influence over theirbeliefs, but its still a worrying （40） given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in ournewsfeeds every day.II. Reading Comprehension Section A For each blank in the following passage there arc four
16、 words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Two key climate change indicators global surface temperatures and Arctic sea ice extent have broken numerous records through the first half of 2016, according to NASA analyses of ground-based
17、 observations and satellite data. Each of the first six months of 2016 set a record as the warmest （41） month globally in the modern temperature record, which （42） 1880,according to scientists at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies （GISS） in New York. The six-month period from January to June
18、was also the planets warmest half-year on record, with a（n）（43） temperature 1.3 degrees Celsius （2.4 degrees Fahrenheit） warmer than the latenineteenth century.Five of the first six months of 2016 also （44） the smallest respective monthly Arcticsea ice （45） since regular satellite records began in 1
19、979, according to analyses developedby scientists at NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. The one （46）_,March, recorded the second smallest for that month.（47） these two key climate indicators have broken records in 2016, NASA scientistssaid it is more significant that global t
20、emperature and Arctic sea ice are continuing theirdecades-long trends of change. Both trends are ultimately driven by rising （48） ofheat-trapping carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically （49） 40 perce
21、nt less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Arctic sea ice extent inSeptember, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been （50） at a rate of 13.4percent per decade.While the El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this winter （51） the gaining globaltemperatures from October, i
22、t is the basic trend which is producing these record numbers, GISS Director Gavin Schmidt said.（52） El Nino events have driven temperatures to what were then record levels, such asin 1998. But in 2016, even as the effects of the recent El Nino wear off, global temperatures haverisen well beyond thos
23、e of 18 years ago （53） the overall warming that has taken place inthat time.The global trend in rising temperatures falls behind the regional （54） in the Arctic, saidWalt Meier, a sea ice scientist at NASA Goddard.It has been a record year so far for global temperatures, but the record high temperat
24、ures in the Arctic over the past six months have been even more extreme, Meier said. This warmth as well as unusual weather （55） have led to the record low sea ice extents so far this year.41. A. resistantB. respectiveC. resolvedD. remote42. A. makes sense ofB. keeps up withC. dates back toD. goes a
25、head of43. A. averageB. ordinaryC. commonD. temporary44. A. confirmedB. witnessedC. involvedD. conducted45. A. standardB. contentC. amountD. extent46. A. datumB. exampleC. monthD. exception47. A. WhileB. WhenC. AfterD. As48. A. combinationsB. reductionsC. concentrationsD. applications49. A. includes
26、B. coversC. approachesD. indicates50. A. increasingB. changingC. decliningD. moving51. A. ended up withB. gave rise toC. broke away fromD. resulted from52. A. FrequentB. NaturalC. DisastrousD. Previous53. A. in return forB. in case ofC. in spite ofD. because of54. A. warmingB. fallingC. gatheringD.
27、changing55. A. forecastsB. varietiesC. patternsD. illustrations Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in
28、 the passage you have just read.ALate one autumn day at the aquatic center （水上运动中心）in Ancenis, France, something went quietly, horribly wrong. An 18-year-old named Jean-Francois LeRoy was a regular, coming often in the early evenings to swim in the 25-meter pool. Drownings are often difficult to spot. Most are near-silent incidents where the victim quickly sinks out of view. On this particular day maybe the lifeguards werent paying as close attention as they should have been. Certainly they believ
