1、例: He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：例： He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes. 这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词 改为延续性动词。下面是一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词，须牢记。leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, f
2、inish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be （in）, leave - be away from, g
3、et to know - know,go （get） out be out， put on wear； catch a cold have a cold等。练习: 1. The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man_for 4 years. 2. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He _the Party for 2 years. 3. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I _the book for 5 days.现在完成时（一）现在完成时是初三教材中的一个重点语法项目，下面我们就来学习
4、它的构成。 1现在完成时的基本句式是“have（has）过去分词”。如： I have seen that film我已经看过那部影片了。 We have just finished our homework我们刚刚做完家庭作业。 She has gone home她回家去了。注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。2现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 Have you read t
5、his story book yet？你读过这本故事书吗？ Has he eaten that apple yet？他吃那个苹果了吗？1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，往往译成“过吗？”、“还有吗？”等。3）其肯定回答用：Yes，have（has）否定回答用：No，havent（hasnt）有时用：No，not yet或No，never 3现在完成时的否定句式是“have（has）过去分词”。 We havent studied Unit 2yet我们还没学习第二单元。 The train hasnt stopped yet火车还没有停下来。
6、1）现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet。2）否定句常译为“还没有”等。 现在完成时（二）现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容） I have bought two apples我买了两个苹果。（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果） 在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，yet，ever，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，yet，ever，neve
7、r多用于疑问句和否定句中。I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？They havent started yet他们还没有动身。We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。 现在完成时（三）1现在完成时态既涉及过去，又联系现在，它可表示动作或状态过去已经开始一直延续到现在，和由for或since引导的时间状语连用。例如：We have lived here
8、for five years我们在这里住了五年了。I have known him since he was a boy我从他还是个孩子的时候就认识他了。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的事对现在造成的影响；一般过去时指过去发生的事实。请看下面对话中一般过去时和现在完成时的不同。 A：Have you seen the film？ B：Yes，I have When did you see it？I saw it a year ago 2延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的使用。（1）延续性动词：be，have，know，live， work，study，learn，t
9、each，speak，talk，draw， wait，wear，walk，sleep等，这些动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。Uncle Wang has worked in this factory for ten years王伯伯在这家工厂工作十年了。（2）非延续性动词：come，go，arrive， reach，see，hear，close，leave，begin，start，lose， buy，fall，join，die等，这些动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。【正】The play has begun戏开演了。（戏正在演着） 【误】The
10、play has begun for half an hour戏开演半小时了。3非延续性动词表示状态有三种方法：（1）用相应的延续性动词来替换非延续性动词。句中的谓语动词一般用现在完成时，时间状语为“for 时间段”或“since 时间点（过去某一时刻或非延续性动词的一般过去时从句）”或用在how long的问句中。They have been here for five years他们来这里已经五年了。（这里come这一非延续性动词改成了be。） 常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词转换如下：comebe，come tobe in at， go outbe out，leavebe away，beg
11、in startbe on，buyhave，borrowkeep， joinbe a member of be amember， diebe dead，put onwear，catch a cold have a cold，get to knowknow，become a teacherbe a teacher，fall asleepbe asleep，go to sleepsleep等。（2）用“非延续性动词的一般过去时一段时间ago”这一句型（即用一般过去时）。 They came here five years ago他们是五年前来这里的。（3）用“It is（has been）时间段s
12、ince从句（从句的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式）”这一句型。It is five years since they came here自从他们来到这里已经有五年了。 现在完成时与中考题 选择填空。1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市） Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard 2Where have you _ these days？ I have to Dazhu with my friends（重庆市） Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；
13、gone 3How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 4Wheres Peter？ He _ to Nanjing（沈阳市） Ais going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 5Youve never seen such a wonderful film before，_ ？（河北省） Ahavent you Bhave you Cdo you Ddont you 6We have lived here _ five years ago（河南省） Awhen Bsince Cbefo
14、re Dafter7I have watched the game When you _ it？（长沙市） Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 8How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city（江西省） Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 9The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week（广
15、州市） Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt Ddidnt feel 10My grandfather_ in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likes the town（四川省） Alived Bhave lived Chas lived Dis living 11Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice（贵阳市） Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 12His brother has been to Stone For
16、est twice _ he came to Yunnan（昆明市） Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 13His grandpa _ for two years（广西） Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 14Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August（海南省） Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 15His sister _ her hometown for three years Shell return next year（合肥市） Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from （Key：15BBCCB 610BCCCC 1115BCBBD）
