1、2、能运用相关的解题技巧进行解题复习重点教会学生掌握阅读理解中的解题步骤和注意事项复习难点学生在实践操作中怎样熟练运用解题技巧准确解题一、高考回顾Passage1（2018全国卷1）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-g
2、atherers, small, tightly knit （联系） groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people
3、started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the pas
4、t few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relativ
5、ely few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median
6、number （中位数） of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction （消亡）, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining spe
7、akers）, Chiapaneco in Mexico （150）, Lipan Apache in the United States （two or three） or Wadjigu in Australia （one, with a question-mark）: none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large
8、in number.C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.2. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerful. D. Modern.3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400.C. A
9、bout 2,400. D. About 1,200.4. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 【解析】1. B 事实细节题 根据第一段第二句和第三句，When the wo
10、rld was still populated by hunter-gatherers . they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，在游猎采集时代，虽然人口很少，但语言种类很多。2. C 词义猜测题 根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking over，意为“越来越占据统治地位”，可知dominant意为“占优势的；占支配地位的”。3. B 事实细节题 根据第三段最后一句，The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half th
11、e worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.以及第四段第一句中的the total of 6,800 languages可知答案。4. C 主旨大意题 通读全文，可知文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展，语言的种类越来越少。Passage2（2018全国卷1）DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that
12、 we keep using our old devices （装置） well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues
13、 at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped
14、by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw
15、out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these
16、old deviceswe continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the
17、 solution （解决方案）? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment view
18、ing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.2. Why did Babbitts team conduct
19、 the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop compute
20、r.4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.1. A 2. D 4. A 1. A 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句Thats bad news for the environment as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same
21、 things. 可知，做同样的事，过时的电子设备比新设备耗能更多。由此可推断，作者认为新设备更节能、更环保。2. D 事实细节题 根据第二段第一句 To figure out how much power these devices are using, 可知，Babbitt的团队开展研究是为了查明新旧电子设备的耗能量。3. B 推理判断题 根据最后一段They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy con
22、sumption by 44%. 可知，使用平板电脑观看娱乐节目比用电视或台式电脑能减少44%的能源消耗。由此可推断，四种电子设备中，平板电脑的耗能量是最少的。4. A 推理判断题 作者开篇提出观点：新电子设备比过时的旧设备更节能、更环保。之后又用Babbitt团队的研究证明自己的观点，文章的最后作者又再次强调具备多功能的新电子设备的确是更节能。由此可推断，作者建议人们不要再用过时的旧电子设备了。二、知识清单 阅读理解题分为客观理解题和主观理解题两大类，每类又可以细分为几个小的类别，具体如下：三、例题精讲例1（2018全国卷2）ASummer ActivitiesStudents should
23、 read the list with their parents / carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents / carers will be asked to sign to confirm their childs choices.Acti
24、vityDescriptionMemberof staffCostOutdoor Adventure （OUT）Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team,
25、 and enjoy the great outdoor environment.Mr. Clemens140WWI Battlefields and Paris （WBP）On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journe
26、y to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.Mrs. Wilson425Crafty Foxes （CRF）Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using r
27、ecycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs. Goode30Potty about Potter （POT）Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see th
28、e film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake1501. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT.2. What will the students do on Tuesday with
29、Mrs. Wilson?A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields.3. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week.2. D3. A1. A 事实细节题 由Outdoor Adventure （OUT）的内容中提到的You will be able to take part in a numbe
30、r of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.可知，如果想露营选OUT这一活动。2. D 事实细节题 由WWI Battlefields and Paris （WBP）的内容中提到的Mrs. Wilson以及On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields.可知学生们将在周二和威尔逊女士参观第一
31、次世界大战的战场。3. A 事实细节题 由Potty about Potter （POT）的内容中提到的Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight heading back to Exeter.可知，Potty about Potter活动持续两天。【易错点】1. 第三题。这是一道细节题，由题干Potty about Potter可以锁定答案应该在最后一个框的内容中，其中提到的Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight heading back to Exeter.，里面有一个关键词是stay overnight（过夜），所以可以推出Potty about Potter活动持续两天。这道题如果学
