1、二、高速公路机械化施工组织Second, the mechanization of highway construction organization 1公路机械化施工组织的要点：1. The main points of the mechanization of highway construction organization: 公路施工机械具有专用性，确定施工机械的类型时，为了保证选择的合理性，应根据工程实际的土质、道路情况和工程量等具体环境，确定机械的类型和数量。根据项目需要、资金筹集等情况，确定机械的选择方案，做到效益最大化。Road construction machinery h
2、as specificity, determining the type of construction equipment, to ensure the rationality of the choice, should according to the engineering practice of soil, road conditions and the specific environment, such as quantity, determine the type and number of machines. According to the project need, fun
3、draising, and so on and so forth, to determine the mechanical options, achieve benefit maximization. 主导机械与配套机械相匹配。主导机械决定着施工方法、工程的进度、工程质量和施工方式等，并且在很大程度上决定着整套机械生产效率的发挥。Main machinery and auxiliary machinery. Leading machinery decides the progress of construction method, engineering, engineering qualit
4、y and construction method, etc., and to a great extent, decides the whole machine production efficiency. 在进行机械位置的布设时，应考虑经济合理性要求和使用方便性，根据施工现场的具体情况，布置好各种机械设备的使用范围、具体位置、型号、数量等。Should be considered when making mechanical location layout, economic rationality and convenience use, according to the specifi
5、c situation of the construction site, decorate good all kinds of mechanical equipment use range, location, type, quantity, etc. 2高速公路机械化施工组织的方法2. The mechanization of highway construction organization method 高速公路机械化施工组织的基本方法主要有四种，即顺序作业法、平行作业法、流水作业法和网络计划法。Highway mechanization construction organizati
6、on and the basic method mainly has four kinds, namely the order assignment method, method, flow operation method and parallel operation, network planning laws. 2.1顺序作业法2.1. Order operation method 顺序作业法是一种最原始和最基本的施工方法，是指将拟建的工程整段或划分成若干段，并组织一个施工队针对每段所分解成的相应的工序，顺序进行施工。其优点是：单梁起重机因为只有一个施工队，施工现场的组织管理工作较简单；
7、机械投入量较少。缺点是：施工机械和劳动力的需用量波动较大；劳动生产率和机械利用率较低，工程质量无法得到提高。只能进行一个工作面的施工，工期较长。此法只用于对工程量不大，工期要求不紧的道路施工。Order method is one of the most original and most basic construction method, is proposed in the project of a whole or divided into several paragraphs, and organize a team for each segment are decomposed i
8、nto the corresponding working procedure, in order to carry on the construction. Its advantage is: because there is only one construction group, the organization management of construction site is simple; Less mechanical inputs. Defect is: construction machinery and labor need to use volatile; Labor
9、productivity and machine utilization rate is low, the engineering quality cannot be improved. Only a working surface construction, a longer duration. This method only for the quantity is not big, not tight road construction time limit for a project requirements. 2.2平行作业法2.2. Method of parallel opera
10、tion 将拟建的工程分施工项目或分段，工程被划分成多少段就相应的组织多少个施工队，同时在各施工段上进行作业的施工组织方法称为平行作业法。其优点在于：多个工作面同时作业，缩短了工期，节省了时间。施工现场的组织管理工作较复杂。由于不能实现专业化施工，会导致劳动生产率和机械利用率较低，正丁醇不利于提高工程质量。因施工队较多，导致现场的物资供应在单位时间内的投入较大。Points will be planned construction project or segmented, project is divided into many segments corresponding organiza
11、tion many construction group, at the same time in each construction section on the operation of construction organization method called the method of parallel operation. Its advantage is that multiple working face operation at the same time, shorten the construction period, save the time. Defect is:
12、 organization and management of the construction site work is relatively complicated. Unable to realize the professional construction, lead to labor productivity and machine utilization rate is low, is not conducive to improve the quality of engineering. Caused by construction is more, the scene of
13、the supplies in spending per unit time is large. 2.3流水作业法2.3. The flow operation method 流水作业法是指将拟建工程按照工艺和工序要求划分为若干个施工段，并相应分别组建专业施工队，每个施工队依次按照一定的施工顺序进入施工段作业。该方法优点在于：最适合机械化施工的组织方法，符合机械化施工的客观规律；能保证工程施工的全过程在空间和时间上保持均衡、连续和有节奏地进行；硅脂最有效地发挥机械的使用率。要有足够的作业面。Flow operation method is in accordance with the tech
14、nological and process requirements of the proposed construction project is divided into several construction period, and the corresponding respectively to form a professional construction team, each construction group, in turn, according to certain order into the construction period of operation. Ad
15、vantage: this method is most suitable for mechanized construction organization method, accords with the objective law of mechanical construction; Can ensure the whole process of project construction on the space and time remain balanced, continuous and rhythmic manner; The most effective use of the
16、machine usage. Defect is: there should be enough surface. 高等级公路工程有足够的作业面，且是线性工程的特点，樱花使得该方法成为高等级公路机械化施工组织的首选方法。Highway engineering has enough surface, and is the characteristic of linear engineering, make the method be the first choice of the mechanization of highway construction organization method.
17、 2.4网络计划法2.4. Network planning laws 网络计划法是一种以网络图为基础的计划管理方法，其优点是：决定工程总工期的关键线路清晰，因而可以较好的使用和协调各种资源;能充分的反映施工中各分项之间相互依赖、相互制约的逻辑关系;网络图本身作为一种数学模型，因而可以较方便的利用计算机程序进行计算;可用于工程费用和施工进度的控制。Network planning laws is a graph based on network plan management method, its advantage is: the key determinants of total pro
18、ject time limit circuit is clear, so you can better use and coordination of various resources; Can fully reflect the construction of each component of the logic relation of interdependence, mutual restriction between; Network diagram itself as a kind of mathematical model, thus it can be convenient
19、to use computer programs to calculate; Can be used to control engineering cost and construction schedule. 工程项目采用哪一种机械化施工组织方法，应根据工程量、工期、资金来源、机械设备拥有量、操作人员等情况进行综合考虑。Project is using which kind of mechanized construction organization method, should according to the quantity, time limit for a project, fu
20、nding sources, mechanical equipment ownership, operating personnel, and so on and so forth comprehensive consideration. 三、公路施工机械管理Three, road construction machinery management 1机械的选择1. Mechanical options 1.1施工机械选择原则1.1. Construction equipment selection principle 选择施工机械应遵循适用性、高效性、山东太阳能配套性、人机相结合、技术先进性
21、、使用可靠性、便于维修性、安全性、经济实惠性、环保节能性等原则。Choice of construction machinery should follow the applicability, high efficiency, compatibility, man-machine combination, technology advanced, the use of reliability, maintainability, safety, economical, environmental protection and energy saving principle, etc. 1.2施
22、工机械选择的方案1.2 construction machinery selection scheme 机械设备选择时，在满足技术要求的前提下，面临的方案比较多。可以考虑采用国产设备，也可以考虑采用进口设备;可以考虑采用自有资金购买，也可以考虑采用贷款购买，还可以考虑采用租赁的方式。从技术、经济、社会三个方面进行详尽的评价分析。最后做综合评价，选择到项目建设适用、经济、高效的施工设备。Mechanical equipment when the choice, on the premise of meet the technical requirements, the solution is m
23、ore. Can consider to adopt domestic equipment, also can consider to use imported equipment; Can consider to use their own money to buy, also can consider to use borrowed money to buy, you can also consider lease. From a technical, economic, social three aspects to carry on the detailed analysis of t
24、he evaluation. Finally to do comprehensive evaluation, the choice to the project construction, economic and efficient construction equipment shall apply. 2机械科学管理2. Mechanical scientific management 2.1建立健全规章制度，电动吊篮实现管理手段现代化2.1. Establish and perfect rules and regulations, implement modern management
25、means 推行健全规章制度，使技术水平高、业务技能强的人得到实惠，促进业务技能差的人主动学习，提高服务技术水平，适应新形势的要求和需要。建立和完善各项考核制度，定出切实可行的考核内容，定期考核，考核结果与其工资收入挂钩，奖罚分明。Implementation of sound rules and regulations, make the technical level is high, the people who have strong business skills, promote active learning for people of poor business skills,
26、 improve the level of service technology, adapt to the requirement of new situation and needs. Establishing and perfecting the appraisal system, set feasible assessment content, regular check, inspection results linked with wages, rewards and punishment is clear. 现代社会是信息化的社会，借助微机建立信息系统和进行机械管理，通过对机械设
27、备运作过程中发生的大量复杂的数据进行整理，转换成规范化、系统化的信息，提供管理决策及进行合理有效的作业调度管理等。Modern society is information society, with the aid of computer based information systems and machinery management, and through to the mechanical equipment operation occurred in the process of large amounts of complex data, converted to standardization and systematization of information, provide management decision-making and conduct reasonable and effective job scheduling management, etc. 2.2使用管理2.2. Use management 由于工程施工机械设备拥有量多且品种复杂，单梁
