1、中考英语备考英语专题名词中考英语专题-名词中考专项名词( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )4._ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minut
2、es B. minutes C. minutes D. minute【知识点精讲】1.定义：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。2.分类：名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如：John is a student student是普通名词，John是专有名词普通名词 可以用不定冠词：a/an+普通名词定冠词： the+普通名词或不加冠词普通名词 可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词、集体名词是可数名词，物质名词、抽象名称是不可数名词。专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。专有名词
3、前一般不加冠词，首字母要大写。3.名词的数分类：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 如：We should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等可与两者连用。1.可数名词的复数A、规则变化1）一般加s books pens 2）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es buses classes watches boxes 3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es leafl
4、eaves wife- wives life- lives 4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es city cities country- counties B.不规则变化：1. manmen ; womanwomen ;childchildrenpolicemanpolicemen EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmenfootfeet ; toothteeth mouse(鼠)mice goose- geese 2 以o 结尾的分两类 Zoos radios photos pianos Heroes potatopotatoes tomatotomat
5、oes 3 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese4 “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans 5 people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.6.复合名词 a boy student two boy students a man teacher -two men teacher 4.名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s”
6、 Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲 Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加 不以s结尾的词加 seg. 1) the boys books Teachers Day Children s Day 3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )5.不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。应特别记medici
7、ne,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread_over there.(be) 3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等来修饰不可数名词。 4.常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread 请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示， 如：三箱苹
8、果three boxes of apples 名词的格 名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ s”。如：TomToms译为“的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ ”即可。如：Teachers Day , two weeks holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加s 。如：Childrens Day 注意：主谓一致问题： 单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用，表示复数时，数词仍保持单数，名词变复数。如two hundred students（200名学生） ten thousand trees（10000棵树）例子：1.He ca
9、ught a lot of fish 他抓到了许多鱼（此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish或fishes）=He caught a lot of fishes.2.The paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。（此处fish表示不同种类的鱼，加复数词尾-es）【典型例题及相似题练习】( )1.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles o
10、f oranges( )2.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. anyC. a piece of D. two pieces.( )3. The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs( )4.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two pi
11、eces of breads( )5.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children【课堂综合练习】一、写出下列名词的复数 1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二选出正确选项( )6.What did the headmaster say about Jims
12、_.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months holidays( )7.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _ to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )8.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sisters C. me sister D. my sister of( )9.Have you read _?A. todays B. to
13、day paperC. the todays paper D. todays paper( )10.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes【课后限时作业】1.写出下面名词的复数1. dog 2. glass 3. ear 4. shark 5. duck 5. apple 6. candle 7. present 8. telephone 9. kite 10. snake 11. window 12. rabbit 13. door 11. computer 12. bedroom 13. flow
14、er 14. table 15. vegetable 16. poster 17. turtle 18. photo 19. tomato _20. potato _21. mouth _ 22. dish _ 23. bus _ 24. box _25. watch _ 26. dish _27. country _ 28. child _29. man _ 30. woman _ 31. mouse _ 32. fish _33. sheep _ 34. deer _ 35. tooth _ 36. foot _ 37. goose _38. leaf _ 39. knife _ 名词练习
15、题: 1. -Mum, its so hot and Im so thirsty. - Go and get some _ in the fridge. A. biscuits B. chips C. cakes D. ice creams 2. - Would you like something to drink ? - _ please. A. tea B. fruit C. bread D. meat3. I dont know how to use this computer. It doesnt matter. Here is the _. A. instruction B. di
16、rection C. information D. advertisement4. My brother hurt his _ yesterday. He cant walk now. A. arm B. leg C. hand D. eye5. - I want to go to different places, but I dont know the _. - A map is helpful. I think. A. price B. way C. time D. ticket6. Lao she is the _ of Tea House. ( 茶馆 ) A. doctor B. a
17、ctor C. scientist D. writer7. At the foot of the hill you should hear nothing but the _ of the running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound8. - Would you like some drinks, boys ? - Yes, _ please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange.9. - Whos the bo
18、y over there ? - _ is my brother. A. He B. His C. Him D. Himself10. - Would you like something to drink ? -_ please. A. Meat B. Rice C. Water D. Bread11. - _ do you usually fly kites ? - In the park. A. why B. How C. Where D. When12. Look! There are _ pictures on the wall. A. any B. some C. much D.
19、both13. - Which coat is _ on me , the blue one or the black one ? - The blue one. A. good B. better C. best D. the best14. I _ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow. A. will return B. returned C. have returned D. return15. - What did you do after school yesterday ? - I _ basketball with my friends.
20、 A. play B. played C. will play D. am playing二、英语书面表达专项训练22019年2月20日，中央宣传部授予北京榜样优秀群体“时代楷模”称号。时代楷模充分体现“爱国、敬业、诚信、友善”的价值准则。某网站正在开展以“向时代楷模学习”为主题的英语征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你该怎么做，以及这样做的意义。提示词语：pick up, rubbish, study, honest, important提示问题： What should you do in your daily life? Why do you do so? As
21、a middle student, I can do a lot to learn from our role models. 【答案】例文As a middle student, I can do a lot to learn from our role models. First, we can protect the environment. For example, we can pick up the rubbish, recycle things in our daily life, and so on. Second, we shall respect people around
22、 us. Respect others to start from small things. Third, behave well. We should be kind to others, warm-hearted to everyone, and generous to our friends. By doing so, our world will become more and more beautiful.【解析】【详解】题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作时要按照应用文格式写，写作时承接短文开头，具体写出怎样做以及这样做的意义。例文点评：例文采用的是一段式，人称用的是第一人称复
23、数形式，时态主要用的是一般现在时，描述具体怎么做时，描写细致，条理清晰。高分亮点：短语：protect the environment；pick up the rubbish；behave well；be kind to sb；more and more beautiful。句型：By doing so, our world will become more and more beautiful；we can pick up the rubbish, recycle things in our daily life, and so on。3今天手机在我们日常生活中已广泛使用。但中学生在学校是否
24、应该持有手机，一些学生和老师有不同的观点。你们学校的校刊英文版正在就此举行征文活动，请根据下列表格提示的内容，用英语写一篇征文。 观点理由一些学生赞成拥有方便与家长联系；一些老师反对拥有有学生用手机玩游戏；有学生用手机作弊；你的观点1. 2.要求：1. 表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2. 必须包含表格所给的提示信息，并作适当发挥；3. 词数：80-100词左右（征文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 Mobile phones have been used widely in our daily life today._【答案】Mobile phones have been used widel
25、y in our daily life today. With the development of economy, mobile phones are more and more widely used in our daily life. However, some parents and teachers have different ideas about whether the students should use mobile phones at school. Some students are for it. They think that it is convenient
26、 to contact with parents. Mobile phones will make them more interested in learning so that they can learn more quickly and easily. Some teachers are against itThey think that some students cant control themselves and often play games. Whats worse, some students cheat in exams by using mobile phones.
27、 Besides, using mobile phones too much does great harm to students eyes. In my opinion, I think it is helpful for students to use mobile phones in a right way. Firstly，students can learn more knowledge using mobile phones. At the same time, parents and teachers should do something to help students. Only in this way can mobile phones be of help to their studies.【解析】【详解】本篇写作需注意要求中所提供的要点，不可遗漏。需在平时积累相关的词汇，写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系，上
