1、中考英语常考语法题型一、冠词1、定冠词the（1)表示一家人The Smith are very nice to their neighbors.The Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.(2)表示一类人, 谓语用复数The poor sometimes are even happier than the rich.(3)表示确定的人或事A. 双方都知道的人或事Would mind open the door?Lets go to the libraryB. 后面有限定的，常常是定语从句。如：Is this the boo
2、k you talked about yesterday?(4)独一无二的事物 the sun，the Great Wall. The earth runs around the sun.(5)序数词、最高级、西洋乐器前序数词。试比较：A. He got the first prize in the maths competition. (用the，前面无my， his等形容词性物主代词修饰）B. I got my first birthday gift at the age of ten. (不用the，前面有形容词性物主代词修饰）最高级同理，如：A. I try my best to wi
3、n the first prize.B Im the best.西洋乐器前面John loves playing the guitar.Tom loves play football.2、不定冠词 a/an用于可数名词前，表示一个或一类人或事。A. I ate an apple this morningB.Tom bought a toy car for his son.C. A plane is a machine that can fly. (常用来表示定义）以元音开头的字母（非元音字母a, e,i,o,u, 如 an “s”，而不是a “s”)用an. 原理是两个元音连在一起发音有些不便
4、，因此加个辅音”n“隔开。总结：a/an 与 the 分别对应汉语中的“一+量词（个、本、张.）”、“这/那+量词”翻译出“一.”的概念的，通常 a/an没有翻译出“一.”的概念的，通常不用a/an，而用 the 或不用冠词。如： I sawacat on the floor. 我看见地板上有一只猫。Whatanice day! 多么美好的一天啊！A： Did you see a boy around? 你看见附近有一个男孩吗？B： You mean the one with a hat？ 你指的是带着一顶帽子的那个吗？Tom usually goes to school by bus. To
5、m 通常做公交车去上学。这里没说坐一辆公交车，故不能用a/an，同时也没特指，所以也不用the，属于零冠词。注：play the piano 属于固定搭配，可以单独记忆。知识延伸：（1）a/an 与 the 的转化如：He gets up at six in the morning. 他早上六点起床。He returned home on a cold winter morning. 他在一个寒冷的冬天的早上回到家。（2）零冠词与a/an的转化He called his parents on Friday. 他星期五给他父母打了电话。He called his parents on a sun
6、ny warm Friday. 他在一个晴朗温暖的星期五给他父母打了电话。二、代词1、不定代词对应中文的“一些、很少、很多、几乎没有、没有、某个人、某件事、每个人、所有的.用来表示一个不确定的数量。（1)few, little 均表示几乎没有，其中few修饰可数名词，little修饰不可数名词（否定语气）A few 跟 a little 表示有几个、有一些，分别修饰可数、不可数名词，肯定语气。如：Tom has few friends. 汤姆几乎没有什么朋友。Few of us can speak French. 我们当中很少有人会说法语。This is little milk in the
7、fridge and we need to call the milkman. 冰箱里没什么牛奶了，我们需要打电话给送牛奶的人。There is still a little milk in the fridge. 冰箱里还有一点牛奶。There are only a few students in the classroom. 教室里只有几个学生。知识延伸：A. 含有few，little的反意疑问句中，后半部分用肯定形式。如：Tom has few friends, does he?There is little milk in the fridge, is there?B. a littl
8、e 也可用作副词，表示“有点，稍微”如：Im a little tired. 我有点累了。She is a little hungry. 她有点饿了。（2）some，any 表示一些，修饰可数或不可数名词。其中some常用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句中。如：I have some old books. 我有一些旧书I dont have any old books? 我没有任何旧书。Do you have any old books? 你有一些旧书吗？Im thirsty, and I want to have some water. 我很渴，我想喝点水。知识延伸：A. 由some,
9、 any 衍生出来的词 something, anything，somebody, anybody，someone，any用法基本同上。如：Im hungry and I want something to eat.Its dark here. I cant see anything.B. some/something 可用于疑问句中，表示征询对方意见的意思；any/anything 用于肯定句中，表示任何的意思。如：Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗？Can you give me some advice? 你能给我一些建议吗？Anythi
10、ng is possible. 一切皆有可能。He is taller than any boys in his class. 他比他班上任何一个男生都要高。C. 当句中something, anything 有形容词修饰时，形容词需后置，如 something new例句：I hate eating potatoes everyday. I want to have something new today.Do you have anything interesting to tell us.知识衔接：类似的表达还有 形容词+enough 如 strong enough（足够强，enough
11、 后置）例句： He is old enough to go to school.She is not strong enough to move the box.（3）all ，both；none，neither; eitherAll 表示三者或三者以上都.对应的否定形式为 neitherBoth 表示两者都，对应的否定形式为neither。如： All of us love listening to music. 我们所有人都喜欢听音乐。（三人或三人以上）（否定）None of us loves listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐。Both Tom and J
12、ohn are from America. 汤姆和约翰都来自美国。（两人）（否定）Neither Tom nor John is from America. 汤姆和约翰都不是来自美国。either 表示 “两者中任何一个”；“either.or.”表示“要么.要么.”如：-Which do you prefer, tea or coffee. 茶跟咖啡你要喝哪一个？-Either is OK. I dont mind. 哪个都行，我不介意。Either you or I am going to the meeting. 要么你去参加这个会议，要么我去。知识延伸： all 的否定形式有两种 加“
13、not”表示的是部分否定，none 表示的是全部否定。如： All of us dont like listening to music. 不是我们所有人都喜欢听音乐（有一部分人喜欢，一部分人不喜欢）None of us like（s）listening to music. 我们所有人都不喜欢听音乐（完全否定）含有neither.nor. either.or.句子，谓语动词的单复数要根据最靠近它的名词而定。如：Either you or I am going to the meeting.(4)other 表示“其他的”形容词性如：Tom is not here. You can ask ot
14、her students. 汤姆不在这里，你可以问其他的学生。any other 表示任何其他的一个He is taller than any other boys in his class. 他比他班上其他任何男生都高。others 表示“其他的人”如：We should help others. 我们应该帮助他人。the other一个，另一个（两个）如：I have two brothers. One is 7 years old and the other is 5 years old.表示“剩余其他的”Where have the other students gone? 其他的学生
15、去哪儿了？the others+the other +前面提到的复数名词如：He is clever than the others in his class.another三个或以上中的另一个如：This skirt is too big. Can you show me another one?固定用法 another+数词/few +复数名词 表示另外的、额外的如：I need another three hours to finish my homework.2、人称代词（1）主格 I, you, he, she, we, they, it (做主语）如：I/She/He.want(s
16、) to see a film.（2）宾格 me, you, him, her, us, them, it(做宾语或表语）及物动词后We dont like him because he is very strict.I asked him a question.介词后面Its good for us to do exercise everyday.I havent heard from her since 1997.Be 动词之后做表语-Who is there?-Its me, Jack.3、物主代词（1）形容词性：my your his her our their its, 放在名词前。
17、（2）名词性： mine yours his hers ours theirs its 代替前面提到的名词如： This is my book. It s not yours .This is not my pen. Mine is red. 这不是我的笔，我的笔是红色的。 （mine=my pen)4、反身代词myself , yourself/yourselves himself, herself, ourselves, themselves itself表示我自己、他自己、他们自己、我们自己，常见的固定短语有“enjoy oneself(玩得开心） by oneself（独自） help
18、 oneself(to) 随便吃.如：We really enjoyed ourselves last night. 昨晚我们玩得很开心。He did his homework all by himself. 他的家庭作业都是自己独立完成的。Help yourself to the dishes. 随便吃点鱼。三、名词重要考点（1）名词复数不规则变化: 各国人的单复数常考：Frenchman-Frenchmen， German-Germans，Englishman-Englishmen, American-Americans如：There are five foreign students i
19、n our class. Three are Frenchmen, and two are Germans.（2）所有格 名词+s，如 Toms book， 表示所属关系。如：Lilys father is a doctor.Toms house is near a lake.知识延伸： 组合名词的复数形式A. 一般加在最后一个名词上如：There are 24 boy studentsand 25 girl studentsin our class.I saw two policemen in the street this morning.B. 特殊情况：前半部分是man/woman，将两
20、部分变成复数。如：Two women doctors were injured in the accident.A group of men scientists are working on this project.名词所有格中出现两个或以上名词时：A. 表示各自关系时，各名词末尾均加“s”B. 表示共有关系时，只在末尾名词加“s”如：Toms and Lilys fathersareteachers. (两人的父亲不是同一个人）Tom and Lilys fatherisa teacher. （两人的父亲是同一个人）考点解析：此知识点主要考察主谓一致，解题时可以通过谓语动词的单复数判断前
21、面名词的关系，一般情况下，若为复数，则为各自关系；若为单数，则为共有关系。同样地，也可以根据前面名词的关系，判断后面谓语的单复数。四、数词1、基数词(1) 用“百”、“千”修饰名词的情况A. hundreds of; thousands of 数百的；数千的前面不能有数词修饰，如不能写成： four hundreds of studentsB. 数词+hundred/thousand +名词复数：four hundred students例句： Thousands of people lost their homes after the earthquake.Hundreds of stude
22、nts took part in the sports meeting this year.There are five hundred students in our school.This temple was built hundreds of years ago.知识延伸：Hundreds of thousands of 表示成千上万的。如：Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in the square to celebrate the new year.成千上万的人聚集在广场上庆祝新年。2、序数词表示“第.”的概念：first 第一 se
23、cond 第二 third 第三；其他均在末尾加“Th”但有几个例外，如： fifth 第五； ninth 第九；eighth 第八； twelfth 第十二例句：He lives in the second floor. 他住在第二楼。Mary won the second place in the competition. 玛丽在比赛中获得了第二名。知识衔接：序数词前无物主代词修饰时要用定冠词“the”3、分数形式：分子基数词+分母序数词，分子超过1，分母加“s“。如：two thirds 2/3 one fifth 1/5例句：Two fifths of the students are
24、 boys.Three thirds of this area is countryside. 这个地区的三分之二是乡村。注：句子中的谓语动词单复数要根据分数后面的名词而定，可数则用复数，不可数则用单数。知识延伸：A. 1/4 属于特殊的分数，多写作 one quarter， 如 3/4 为three quartersB. 1/2 写作 half， 一个半小时 写作：one hour and a half 或 one and a half hours.五、时态中考涉及的常用时态有6种：一般现在时、一般过去时；现在进行时，过去进行时；现在完成时，一般将来时；其中重点考察过去进行、现在完成时态。1
25、、一般现在时表示一般性、经常性动作，标志性副词有：everyday，usually， sometimes，everyday morning等。He exercises everyday to keep fit. 他每天锻炼身体来保持健康。Jimmy usually goes to school by bike. 吉米通常骑自行车去学校。表示恒定不变的规律，如The earth runes around the sun.Light travels faster than sound.2、一般过去时表示过去已经完成的动作，标志性副词有：yesterday，last year， in 1997， t
26、hree days ago 等明确表示过去时间的词。I lost my bag yesterday.Tim was born in 1997.A car accident took place in the street three hours ago.3、现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，基本结构为：is/am/are +V-ING，标志性词语有：now, at the moment.Im doing my homework now.He is watching TV at the moment.表示即将发生的动作，多见于come， leave，run 等方向性动词，如The bus is
27、coming! 车来了Im leaving tomorrow! 我明天就要走了4、过去进行时A. 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间正在进行的动作如：-I called you last night, but there was no answer.-Sorry, I was playing football with my friends outside.(当他打电话时，“我”正在外面跟朋友踢足球）B. 主句是过去进行时，从句是when/while 引导的时间状语从句。I was having dinner with my parents when the light went out.电灯熄灭时
28、，我正和爸妈在吃晚餐I was watching TV when the bell rang.门铃响时，我正在看电视。特殊情况下，也可以是主句是一般过去时，从句是过去进行时如：He fell asleep when he was reading his newspaper.5、现在完成时A. 过去发生的动作持续到现在，标志性词语：for，since, so far, in the past.years/monthsIave studied English for five years. 我学英语5年了（现在还在学）Weave known each other since we were nin
29、e or ten. 我们九到十岁时就已经相识。Weave learn over 3,000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我们学了3000多个单词。Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years. 在过去的30年间，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。B. 过去发生的事，但对现在仍有影响，标志性词：already，yet（already 对应的否定句，常置于句末）never，ever，before， just.Iave already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业I h
30、avent finished my homework yet. 我的家庭作业还没做完I have never been to America. 我从来没去过美国。Iave just finished my homework. Now I can go out to play football with my friend.我刚做完了家庭作业，现在我可以跟朋友出去踢足球了。Julia has never seen an elephant before. 茱莉亚以前从来没有见过大象。6、一般将来时A. 表示很快要发生或打算去做的事： be going to +动词原形Its going to ra
31、in. Lets hurry up. 天马上要下雨了，我们快点走吧Im going to visit my uncle this weekend. 这个周末我打算去看望我的叔叔。Im going to buy a new bike. The old one was broken. 我的旧单车坏了，我打算买一辆新的。B. 表示在将来某个时间会发生的动作或状态，标志性词: tomorrow, in the future, in three days, next year/month/week, some day, one day.Ill have an exam tomorrow. 明天我有场考试。The famous singer, Jay Chou, will come to our city next week. 著名歌手周杰伦下周将会来我们的城市。
