1、高考专题高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍专题训练6非谓语动词教师版非谓语动词是动词的变体,是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外 的其他成分而产生的。从该意义上来说,非谓语动词是动词的升级版本,弥补了动词的先天不足。在语法填空和短文改 错题中,这是必考考点之一,非常重要。根据非谓语动词类 别及功能,在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语 为主,作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。 2017年高考在单项填空题中会继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点,对于不定式考查热度仍然不减,尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。 热点题型一 非谓语动词作状语 例1、 (高考北京卷,T21)_ the ear
2、ly flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. ACatching BCaught CTo catch DCatch 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前订了出租车,而且起床很早。此处表目的,应用动词不定式,所以答案为C。 【提分秘籍】1不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替 换,但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。 2分词作状语:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词
3、作状语时,现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,其前常加only。 3部分过去分词源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动,也 不表完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦的),faced with(面对着)。 【特别提醒】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容
4、词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语be形容词不定式”结构,在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。【举一反三】 (高考天津卷,T5)_ in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching. ATo absorb BTo be absorbed CAbsorbed DAbsorbing 【
5、答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于专心绘画,约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。be absorbed in专心于,此处用过去分词短语作原因状语。故用Absorbed。 热点题型二 非谓语动词作定语 例2、 (高考北京卷,T23)The park was full of people,_ themselves in the sunshine. Ahaving enjoyed Benjoyed Cenjoying Dto enjoy 【答案】C【提分秘籍】 1现在分词作定语 现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名
6、词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示该动 作被动和进行。 2过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。 3不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式 是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。 (2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语,常见的抽 象名词:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。 (3) the first,the second,t
7、he last,the next,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时,常用不定式作定语。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。 【方法技巧】非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点,考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动 宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题
8、目可按下列步骤进行: 第一步:判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。 若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式),若是主谓关系则用动词v.ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。 第二步:看动作发生的时间。 若表示将来,用不定式;若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束,用过去分词。 【举一反三】 She was the first woman_to the board. Ato be appointed Bhaving been appointed Cappointing Dto appoint 【答案】A热点题型三 非谓语动词
9、作宾语 例3 (高考陕西卷,T17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career. Ato thank Bthanking Chaving thanked Dto have thanked 【答案】A【提分秘籍】1只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,want,
10、expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate, happen等。 2只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词:admit,avoid,consider,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like,give up,put off,object to,look forward to等。 3接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词:(1)try to do 尽力做;try doing 试着去 做;(2) mean to do 打 算做;mean do
11、ing 意味着;(3) regret to do 遗憾 要 去做;regret doing后悔做过;(4) remember to do 记得去做;remember doing记得做过;(5) forget to do忘记做过;forget doing 忘记做了。 4动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 5介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。 (温州高三八校联考)He got wellpre
12、pared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这 次好机会的风险。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。 What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him
13、.多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 【举一反三】 Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and_to live with that loss. Alearning Blearned Cto learn Dhaving learned 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:接受不是关于 喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和学会带着损失生活下去。题干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列
14、宾语, 故选A。 热点题型四 非谓语动词作宾补 例4、 (高考陕西卷,T18)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home. Ataking Btaken Ctake Dbe taken 【答案】B【提分秘籍】1现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官 动词(see,watch,obser
15、ve,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。 He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry. 他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气。 Its wrong to leave the computer
16、working. 让电脑一直开着是不对的。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起让你久等了。 I found a number of people already working there. 我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。 2过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动 词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动 词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear, listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find, leav
17、e,keep等。 When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。 You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. 你应该让我了解他的行踪。 The old found his hometown much changed. 这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。 He left much work unfinished because he was ill. 因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。 3不定式
18、作宾补 (1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow, ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid, force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等。 (2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略,也可以保留。 We hurriedly e
19、nded the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。 4with宾语宾补 (1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行) (2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成) (3)with宾语to do(表示将来) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后 面跟着。 John received an invit
20、ation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的 工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time. 因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。 【举一反三】 Let those in need_ that we will go all out to help them. Ato understand Bunde
21、rstand Cunderstanding Dunderstood 【答案】B【特别提醒】使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:have sth.doneget sth.done让别人做某事have sb./sth.doing 让一直做某事;get sth./sb.doing 使开始做某事have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。注意:have sth.to do有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亚历山大尽力使
22、他的工作被医学界认可。I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这个学期结束前,我有很多阅读要完成。热点题型五 非谓语动词作主语和表语 例5、 (高考安徽卷,T27)_ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. AIgnore BIgnoring CIgnored DHaving ignored 【答案】B【提分秘籍】 1非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语表示某一具体的
23、、尤其是未发生的动作 ;v. ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式或v.ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.ing形式作主语:It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。 It is no good learning without practi
24、ce. 只学习不实践没有好处。 Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。 2非谓语动词作表语 ving形式作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;不定 式 作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。 What she likes is watching children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 His ambition is to go Harvard University. 他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。 【举一反三】 For
25、those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_ Aconnected Bconnecting Cto connect Dto be connected 【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:对那些与家人离得比较 远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中 的关键词是stay(保持),它是一个连系动词,后接 形容 词 作表语。A项connected是形容词,意为“有联系的,有来往的”,符合句意。stay connected是“stay形容
26、词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。 (2016浙江)50To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ inAustralia in 2012.A. having conducted B. to be conductedC. conducting D. conducted【答案】D(2016天津)49The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows
27、, _ air conditioning unnecessary.A. making B. to make C. made D. being made【答案】A【解析】句意:冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来,使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果,用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语,但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。【湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ whether to stay or le
28、ave.A. wondering B. wonderCto wonder Dwondered【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系,因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语,故选A。句意:当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时,她像生了根一样站在那儿,不知道是走还是留。【北京】21._the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch【答案】C 【解析】句意:为了赶上早班的
29、飞机,我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we,空中用不定式作目的状语,表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。【北京】31.If _for the job, youll be informed soon.A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 【答案】D【解析】句意:如果录用你了,我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you,与accept构成被动关系,用过去分词accepted。故选D。【重庆】6. _ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road
30、to becoming a football star.A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise【答案】C 【解析】句意:他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大,要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he,他在这个地方长大,两者之间是主谓关系,故选C项。 【重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ the sun and the stars.A. used B. having used C. using D. use【答案】C 【解析】句意:象古代的水手,鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。【浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed【答案】D【天津】8. _ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A. To work B. Worked C. To be working