1、 （2）现在完成时常见两种句型：主语have / has beenfor短语 It is一段时间 since从句 He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。3、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词 表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait,
2、watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词 也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。4、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。I
3、have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误） rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.（正）又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-The
4、n youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.5、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定式）。（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.
5、 正：He died three years ago.It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died.（2）他来这儿五天了。He has come here for five days.He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago.It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. （1）、（2）句中的die、come为
6、终止性动词，不能与表示那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： （1）将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。 （2）将句中表示的状语改为表示过
7、去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 （3）用句型It is+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 （4）用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till .的句型，意为直到才。Y
8、ou cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是（从句谓语动词用终止性动词），也可以是（从句谓语动词用延续性动词）。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。When we reached London, it was twelve oclock
9、. （reach为终止性动词）Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. （be away为延续性动词短语）6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定式）。误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here?When did you come here?二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。He visited Guili
10、n in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只说明去桂林的时间）2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）3. 两种时态的区分 （1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词have /has +过去分词The film started at 7 oclock. He has been a teacher for many years. （2）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。yesterday, l
11、ast week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？ Have you seen the film?（A） Did you see the film?（B） 说明 你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 How has he done it?（A） How did he
12、do it?说明他是怎么做的这件事？（A）句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（B）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A） He lived in Beijing for 8 years.（B）说明他在北京住了8年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（B）句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成助动词have （has） +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。1. Kates never see
13、n Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的缩写，故选B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. （改为否定句）His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her pa
14、rents. A. has B. had C. did D. haveso+助/系/情态动词+主语结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。二、考查其用法与标志词（一）当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2
15、. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; have surfed D. Have; have surfed据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。（二）当句中有for +段时间或since +点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词（短语）。1. His brother has been to Stone Forest t
16、wice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has hadA、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表的短语连用，故选D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent hea
17、rd据since可知，应排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意为收到某人的来信，故选B。三、考查have/has been （to, in）/have/has gone （to）的区别。1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to据句中的have，排除A，B项意为去某地了，C项意为一直呆在某地，D项意为去过某地，符合题意，故选D。2. My
18、 parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been本题句中有for+段时间结构，据此可排除C，B项意为，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.（改成正确的句子）非延续性动词与连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型Its +段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。故答案为：Suns aunt has b
19、een there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.（改为同义句）_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ti
20、cket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。现在完成时专项练习题及答案一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . stil
21、l 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed
22、; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These
23、 farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; have finished . will ; finish 11、His father _ the Party since
24、1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . Arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had
25、begun . has been on . began 15 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The student
26、s have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to workC.
27、has lived there D. has left the university 二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed,_ ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. （对划线部分提问）_have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year（die） （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.（同义句转换） This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换） Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.
