1、此题最佳答案是C。你觉得奇怪吗?为什么前一句的He ran as fast as he could后接带to不定式to catch,而后一句的He ran as fast as he could后要接现在分词hoping呢?你想弄懂以上问题吗?你还想做做类似的一些陷阱题吗?请往下看。1.这个such.that中的that引导的是结果状语从句吗 Mr. Smith is _ a good teacher _ we all respect. A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as 此题容易误选A,一方面是因为such . that .是同学们
2、很熟悉的一个句式,一看就可能选中了;另一方面,将such . that .的意思“如此以至”代入句中,也完全通顺,即“史密斯先生是一位如此优秀的教师,以至我们大家都尊敬他”。从表面上看,以上分析很有道理,但其实错了。因为在such . that .结构中,that引导的是结果状语从句,并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分,若在上句填入such . that .,句末的respect显然缺少宾语（注意: respect是及物动词）。正确的答案应是B,as用做关系代词,用以引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词teacher,同时as在定语从句中用做动词respect的宾语,句意为“史密斯先生是我们大家都尊
3、敬的一位好老师”。有的同学可能还会问,假若选A,能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能,因为当先行词受到such的修饰时,其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导,而不用that。顺便说一句,假若在原句的respect后加上him一词,则应选A,即He is such a good teacher that we all respect him,他是如此好的一位老师,我们大家都尊敬他。2. cant help后一定要接动名词吗 She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. clea
4、ning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 此题容易误选B,简单地套用cant help doing sth这一结构。其实此题应选A,注意以下两个结构均可用,但是含义不同:cant help doing sth =禁不住做某事,情不自禁地做某事; cant help to do sth =不能帮助做某事。前者为引申用法,一般辞书均将其作为固定搭配列出 来,许多老师对此也比较强调,从而就使同学们形成了思维定势;而后者为help表示“帮助”时的本义用法,因同学们平时对此不大注意,一看到上面的试题马上就联想到cant help doing sth这一结构,从而误选了B。Whil
5、e shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 此题应选C,句中的cant help意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。3.该选whoever还是anyone _ with the right knowledge can give first aid. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who ever 此题容易
6、误选B,主要受以下这类句子的影响而形成思维定势: Whoever says that is lying.谁那样说,谁就是在说谎。 Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.违反本法者应予以罚款。 Whoever comes first can get a ticket free.谁先来谁就可以免费得到一张票。 以上各例中的whoever引导的均为主语从句,它们均可换成anyone who,但不能换成anyone。上面的试题从表面上看,与以上各例很相似,其实有本质的不同,即with the right knowledge 中没有谓语动词,所以我们不能选who
7、ever。此题的正确答案为C,anyone为句子主语,with the right knowledge为修饰anyone的定语。（1） _ with a good education can apply for the job. （2） _ has a good education can apply for the job. （3） _ having a good education can apply for the job. （4） _ seen smoking here will be fined. （5） _ is seen smoking here will be fined. （
8、6） _ smoking here will be fined. （7） _ smokes here will be fined. 第（1）题选C,介词短语with a good education为修饰anyone的定语;第（2）题选B,whoever has a good education为主语从句;第（3）题选C,现在分词短语having a good education为修饰anyone的定语;第（4）题选C,过去分词短语seen smoking here为修饰anyone的定语（可视为anyone who is seen smoking here之省略）;第（5）题选B,whoev
9、er is seen smoking here为主语从句;第（6）题选C,现在分词短语smoking here为修饰anyone的定语;第（7）题选B,whoever smokes here为主语从句。4. devote.to与prevent.from He made up his mind to devote his life _ pollution _ happily. A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from living C. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, from living 此题容易误
10、选B,认为第一空应填to prevent（即认为其中的to为不定式符号）,第二空 应填from living,因为prevent . from doing sth是一个常用句型。其实错了,正确的答案是C。第一空涉及的结构是devote . to . （把奉献给）,其中的to是介词,而不是不定式符号;第二空从表面上看涉及的是prevent . from .结构,但其实不是。因为在prevent sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/某事做某事）这一句型中,prevent后的宾语（sb/sth）应与其后动名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,如:We cant prevent him from l
11、eaving. （我们无法阻止他离开）,此句中“他”与“离开”有逻辑上的主谓关系（即“他离开”）。而上面例句中的“污染”与“生活愉快”没有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以不适宜用prevent . from .结构。选项C中的不定式to live happily在句中用做目的状语。5.是around which还是around where Is there a shop around _ we can buy some toilet articles?A. that B. which C. where D. what 此题很容易误选B,认为around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词shop,在此
12、用做介词around的宾语。此分析语法上并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个商店,在它的附近我们可以买到梳妆用品。这样的句意显然不合事理,因为人们通常总是在商店里面买东西,而不是在商店附近买东西。其实此题的最佳选项应是C,其中的around是副词（意为“在附近”）,而不是介词,其后where引导的定语从句修饰其前的地点名词shop,句意为:附近有没有我们可以买到梳妆用品的商店?6.这是现在分词表结果吗 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not m
13、ake B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 许多同学一看到题干中的逗号,便断定此题应选C,属现在分词表结果的用法。其实此题应选B,句中的逗号相当于连词and或but,not to make it more difficult是对逗号前的不定式to make life easier的补充说明。全句句意为“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易,不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式虽在句中用做表语,但它们是用以说明句子主语purpose 的内容的。（1） The purpose of the scheme is not to help the empl
14、oyers but _ work for young people. A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided （2） The purpose of the scheme _ the employers but to provide work for young people. A. is not to help B. does not help C. is not help D. is not helping 第（1）题选B,第（2）题选A,注意两句中的not . but .结构,它连接两个平行的不定式结构。7.是after whic
15、h还是after what After _ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. A. which B. it C. what D. that 此题应选C,其余三项都很容易误选。误选A,认为介词后应接关系代词which（但是,若填关系代词,其前没有先行词）;B或D也不能选择,因为介词后可接what引导的宾语从句,但通常不能跟that引导的宾语从句或没有引导词的从句。另一方面,引导名词性从句的that也不能充当句子成分（句中的seemed缺主语）。选C,what引导的是宾语从句,用做介词after的宾语,其中的what可理解为som
16、e time that。8. pay attention to后可直接跟that从句吗 The judge paid no attention to _ he had just lost his wife. D. the fact that 此题容易误选A或B:选A,认为to后应接一个that引导的宾语从句;选B,认为其后是一个定语从句,介词后应用关系代词which。其实此题应选。注意不能选A的原因是,在通常情况下,介词后不能直接跟that从句（极个别介词如except, but等除外）,遇此情况,应在that从句前加上the fact（此时the fact用做介词宾语,其后that从句用做t
17、he fact的同位语）。We all knew nothing about _ he was a thief. 答案为D。9.是will they还是they will “When _ get married?” “When _ get married hasnt been made public.” A. they will, will they B. will they, they will C. they will, they will D. will they, will they 此题容易误选D,认为when后应用疑问句语序。其实此题应选B,第二个when是用以引导主语从句的连接副
18、词,其后要用陈述句语序。 又如: “When will he leave?”“When he will leave is not decided.” “他什么时候离开?” “他什么时候离开还没有定。” “Where shall we go to work?”“Where we shall go to work is not known.” “我们要去什么地方工作?”“我们要去什么地方工作现在还不知道。10. .ran as fast as he could后接动词的什么形式?That day Mr. Smith got up late, so he ran as fast as he coul
19、d _ the early bus. 此题容易误选A,认为情态动词后只能接动词原形。但是,错了,正确的答案是B。其实情态动词could后本来有动词原形run,只是被省略了,即此句的完整形式应是.so he ran as fast as he could run to catch the early bus,其中的不定式to catch the early bus为目的状语。（1） My parents did what they could _ my aunt and uncle. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped （2） He read what
20、 he could _ his knowledge. A. widen B. to widen C. widening D. widened 以上两题均选B,即选不定式,且此不定式为目的状语。但是,同学们若据此形成思维定势,也会落入陷阱。为此,请再看两题:（1） He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the bus. 此题的最佳答案不是B,而是C,其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the bus用做伴随状语,即一边跑一边希望能赶上汽车。但是,如果选B,将to hope to catch the bus视为目的状语行不行呢?不行。因为“他拼命
21、地跑”目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”,而不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”,换句话说,将“希望”作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因,下面一题也应选hoping:He studied as hard as he could _ to enter a good college. （2） He spent every minute he could _foreign languages. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studied 此题也应选C,但是,它与上面选现在分词hoping表伴随有所不同,此题的studying 其实与其前的动词spend有关,即套用的是“sp
22、end +时间或金钱+ （in） doing sth”这一句型。11.填as还是填it?_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 此题很容易误选A,认为此处应填一个形式主语,况且It is （well） known to .也是一个常用句型,读起来也很上口,但是选A错了。同学们仔细想想看,假若选A,横线处填一个形式主语（it）,那么其后就应有一个真正的主语,但事实上没有。但是若将句中的逗号改成that,则只能选A,因为这样一来,t
23、hat便成为一个引导主语从句的引导词。此题的最佳答案是B,as引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,可置于主句前（常译为“正如”）或主句后（常译为“这一点”）,句意为“正如大家所知,月球每月绕地球转一周”。12. 这里用that is why 还是which is why?He is always really rude, _ is why people tend to avoid him. C. this D . which 此题容易误选A,因为thats why . 是一个常用表达,同学们极易受此影响而选错,当然若此句的横线前有连词and 或将其前的逗号改为分号,则完全可选that（分别构成并列
24、句和两个独立的简单句）。此题的最佳答案是D,句子后半部分为一个非限制性定语从句, which 指He is always really rude。另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）。（1） He had a lot of friends, none of _ could lend him any money. A. whom B. them C. which D. who （2） He had a lot of friends, but none of _ could lend him any money. 第（1）题选A,none of whom could . 为非限制性定语从句;第（2
25、）题选B,由于句中有并列连词but,整个句子为并列句,因此选them。13. 这里该用none of them 还是none of which?He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ translated into a foreign language. A. them B. which C . it D. what 同学们看了上面一题的分析后,也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选B,理由是none前没有并 列连词and 或but,但这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是A,注意此句与上面一句有着本质的不同,即此句的translated 不是谓语,而是一个非谓语动词（过去分词）
26、,所以逗号 后面其实不是一个完整的句子,而是一个独立结构。假若在translated 前加一个助动词w as,则此题应选（which）,构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心,千万 不要想当然,更不要受思维定势的影响。（1） I met several people there, two of _ were foreigners. C. who D. which （2） I met several people there, two of _ being foreigners. 第（1）题选A,two of whom were foreigners 为非限制性定语从句;第（2）题选B
27、,two of them being foreigners 不是一个完整的句子,因为句子没有谓语,而只有非谓语动词being。14. 这个定语从句用that引导还是用when来引导?He said he would never forget the day _ he spent with his girlfriend in the country. B. when C. how D. where 此题容易误选B,有不少学生总是机械地认为:时间名词后用关系副词when,地点名词后用关系副词where。其实时间名词和地点名词后既可能用关系副词也可能用关系代词,主要看它们在定语从句中充当什么句子成分,原则上可归纳为:
