1、Well, lets move on the first part of this topic .The motivation of this work like this. Institutional economics posits that agents making decisions on different types of transactions do so in a costly way .For example , farmers deciding sell a particular crop to whom base their decisions not only on
2、 the price they expect to receive in each market choice but also on additional costs related to transacting in these markets. I want to use a picture to illustrate it. For example, given some market channels, farmers choices can be regarded as equilibrium between the surplus and the additional costs
3、 that related to transacting .Especially in developing countries, high-value crop producers fully participate in the market and the transaction cost has been the hard constraint to farmers. Furthermore, Farmers market choices can be taken as a choice dilemma of transaction cost and production surplu
4、s. Consequently, the scientific question of this research is how transaction cost affects planters choices. 3. Methodology Lets move to the theoretical model of our research. Consider a household model in one rotation. In stage 1 , famer needs to allocate the input factors .This process can qbe set
5、into a function like this Q ? ? Q , Q means the output farmers decide qto produce .p implies the Output price W implies Input Price and. z: is fixed input. Once produce what and produce how many are decided, next question to be considered is how much products to be transacted in market. Here we use
6、three ccC means how functions to describe this question. The first equation, c ?p , z ?much agricultural products used by famers themselves. p implies the price the cagricultural product, z ?suggests the fluctuation of C. The second equation q ? Q ? c? , q means the amount of agricultural products t
7、ransacted in q?n?market. The third equationi ? q ? implies the amount exchanged in nth time. In Stage 3, farmers will decide to sell the products to whom. Chanel js market price is bdecided by an exogenesis price and farmers negotiating power. pij?p* j?BBesides this, we use a matrix to show the net
8、profit of Chanel jX ik ? ik , ? ik ?and then farmers choice can be expressed in a typical choice model expPr?1 exp? k?1 Based on the choice model, another important concept is famers channel choice .Here, we set five types .They rank by the market barriers. Accordingly, we set a group discrete numbe
9、r to express them. Y: dependent variable Y=5,means farmer choosebrokers. Y=1, farmers sell products to consumers directly. 4. Data and estimation procedures Here, we illustrate the data distribution with this map. According to the Agricultural regionalization from Department of Agriculture, The appl
10、e specialization areas in China contain two parts: Bo Sea area and Loess Plateau. Bo Sea Area in red color, contains Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning 3 provinces. And Loess Plateau in green color, contains Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi and Gansu 4 provinces. Firstly, we use PPS method to get the first stage sa
11、mpling unit 14 counties in 7 provinces. Then use random sample method to get village and household. They are our sample distribution. 5. Empirical Results 6. Conclusions篇二：国际会议作报告英语发言稿 Thank you, prof. . My name is . Im from . I am very pleased to be here to join this forum. The topic of my presenta
12、tion is properties of rapid construction materials for soil pavement of field airfield. As is shown in the picture, the main parts of my research are about soil pavement. My presentation will include these four parts:First, some background information about this research; second, the main work we ha
13、ve done; third, some conclusions we have got and the last: innovation and presentation of our published papers. Why I choose this item? I think it can be illustrated from the following four parts. First, the existing quantity of airfields is still not sufficient and the airfields have many shortcomi
14、ngs especially in war time. Second, the complementary facilities, such as highway runways are far less than airfields, however, have more weakness. Third, a certain amount of field airfield is quite necessary considering some emergencies such as rescue and disaster relief. Forth, the field airfield
15、can fill the void of airfield and they canbe combined to be airfield network. The meaning and aim of this research contains three parts. Fast, convenient and validity, fast means the field airfield must be constructedas fast as possible, convenient means the construction should need the minimum equi
16、pment, labor and materials considering the actual construction condition, validity means the constructed airfield is able to support the operation of given aircraft in specifically time. Just like many other territories, the situation of the research is that the Army takes advanced line. The Army de
17、clares that they can reach to anywhere on the earth in 96 hours, the most important method for force projection is though aircraft, thus rapid construction of pavement is the key problem for rapid force transportation. The main work we have done can be summarized as four parts, materials choosing, s
18、cheme making, mechanical properties research and water-stable properties research. We choose two kinds of soils, which are got from Xian, Shanxi province and Jiuquan, Gansu province separately. The sand from Ba River was considerate to investigate the influence of sand to the properties of stabilize
19、d soil. The chosen three kinds of powders are cement, lime and new-type stabilizer developed by Changan University. The principles in considering the function of 4 kings of fibers are referring different length, type and mixing them. On account of the time, I will make a brief description about the
20、experiment scheme. In summary, three parts were proposed to distinguish the affecting factors in making experiment scheme. They are powder control, fiber control and other factors. Taking powder control for example, the dosage of cement is respectively 6%, 8% and 10% when the soil is stabilized only
21、 by cement, while the dosage of cement decrease to 3%, 5% and 7% when the lime is addicted to stabilized soil. The following two factors are stabilizer and sand. Six kinds of experiments were performed to investigate the influence of above factors to the mechanical properties of stabilized soil. The
22、 aim of compaction test is to find the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. The aim of compression strength test is to determine the optimum dosage of cement, lime, powder stabilizer and fiber, meanwhile evaluating the performance of stabilized soil. The aim of splitting tension strengt
23、h test is similar to compression strength test, the left picture is sample stabilized by cement, while the right picture is the sample stabilized by fiber and cement. The direct sheer is another important parameter in geotechnical engineering. It influences the foundation bearing capacity and many o
24、ther properties especially for soil base and base course. The left picture shows the course of makingsample and the right picture shows the test process. The CBR test and rebound modulus test are referenced from highway test specification to evaluating the comprehensive capacities of each structure
25、level of the pavement. For both the two tests, the left picture shows the course of making sample and the right picture shows the test process. What should be noted is that the number of sample is at least 6, the last result is the average value of these date got from test after eliminating the bad
26、results. Four kinds of experiments were performed to investigate the influence of above factors to the water-stable properties of stabilized soil. The scouring test is not the stated experiment in current specification. It is performed by us through looking up large quantity of interrelated literatu
27、re, and two different ways to carry out. The left picture shows the method of vibration table and the right picture shows the method of fatigue test instrument. Penetrant test refers to the experiment in relating concrete specification. The left picture shows the process of saturation, the right pic
28、ture shows the test process. Cantabria test and other tests are all original experiments; they are used in stabilized soil for first time, here I will not develop my narrative. As regards the innovation, I think it throughout the whole research, including materials choosing, scheme making, mechanica
29、l and water-stable experiments. I think it can be drawled from the following keywords, such as soil choosing, sand, powders, fibers, and so on. Three main parts can be summarized. First, selecting two kinds of soils, three kinds of powders, several combinations; second, several kinds of fibers, diff
30、erent length and admixture; third, comprehensive experiments, test method and test instrument.篇三：模拟国际会议演讲稿 Recsplorer:Recommendation Algorithms Based on Precedence Mining 1. Introduction Thank you very much, Dr. Li, for your kind introduction. Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning! I am honored to have been invited to speak at this conference. Before I start my speech, let me ask a question. Do you think recomemdations from others are useful for your internet shopping? Thank you. It is obvious that re
