1、）。3选择题1、电泵井采用的清蜡方式是清蜡方式。A、化学 B、机械 C、热洗2、抽油杆受力特征最主要的特点是表现为。A交变性 B线性变化 C不可预见性 D受材料影响3. A trap is one of the five essential _ for a commercial accumulation of oil or gas. A. acquisitive B. quiet C. acquaintances D. requisites4简答1简述深井泵（杆式泵或管式泵）的工作原理。要点：上冲程，抽油杆柱向上拉动柱塞，柱塞上的游动阀受油管内液柱压力而关闭。此时，柱塞下面的下泵腔容积增大，泵
2、内压力降低，固定阀在其上下压差作用下打开，原油吸入泵内。与此同时，如果油管内已逐渐被液体所充满，柱塞上面的液体沿油管排到地面；下冲程，抽油杆柱带动柱塞向下运动。柱塞压缩固定阀和游动阀之间的液体：当泵内压力增加到大于泵沉没压力时，固定阀先关闭，当泵内压力增加到大于柱塞以上液体压力时，游动阀被顶开，柱塞下面的液体通过游动阀进入柱塞上部，使泵排出液体。2简述水处理的基本措施有哪些？水源不同，水性质不同，水处理的工艺也就不同。现场上常用的水质处理措施有以下几种。（1）沉淀。（2）过滤。（3）杀菌。（4）脱气。（5）除油。（6）曝晒。1、抽油机井动液面是在（ ）录取的。（A）井口采油树上直接（B）井口采
3、油树安装的仪器上直接（C）井口采油树光杆上（D）井口采油树光杆上安装的仪器答案：B 2、如图所示的理论示功图中，（ ）考虑的弹性变形较小。答案:C3、注水井结构主要由（ ）组成的。（A）套管、油管、配水器（B）套管、油管、配产器（C）套管、油管、配水器、配产器（D）套管、油管、衬管、配产器4、潜油电泵井的气油比较大时，应合理控制（ ）。（A）油压 （B） 套压 （C） 流压 （D） 静压5、泵况变差前后对比产液量和流压的变化特征（ ）。（A）产液量上升，流压下降（B）产液量下降，流压上升（C）产液量上升，流压上升（D）产液量下降，流压下降B6、下列不属于悬点基本载荷的是（ ）。（A）抽油杆的重
4、力（B）活塞上的液柱载荷（C）惯性载荷（D）摩擦载荷D7、闭合压力不是很大的低渗地层，要提高增产倍数，应以增大（ ）为主。（A）填砂裂缝渗透率（B）裂缝宽度（C）裂缝长度（D）裂缝导流能力8、油井的蜡点是什么（）9、IPR曲线全称（）10、压裂时地层的开裂方向（）A最大主应力B最小主应力C上覆岩层压力D地应力方向11、井筒中的四种混相流态（）12、常见的采油方式有（）13、压裂液的注入顺序（）Formation Evaluation 1. Q: This is a sample taken from a conventional core for analysis. It is ordinar
5、ily cut perpendicular to the axis of the core or parallel to the axis, called horizontal and vertical plugs, respectively, when cut from a vertical wellbore. Typically, it is 1 inch to 1/2 inch in diameter and 1 inch to 2 inch long. What is this sample called? A: core plug 2. Q: This is a kind of wa
6、ter in the formation which occurs naturally within the pores of rock. And it does not include Water from fluids introduced to a formation through drilling or other interference, such as mud and seawater. Name it. formation water 3. Q: This is a state when a system has reached equilibrium for the mea
7、surement or phenomenon concerned. In the case of permeability measurements on core samples, this state is reached when the flow rate, the upstream and the downstream pressures no longer change with time. At this point the permeability can be calculated from the flow rate and pressures and applying D
8、arcys equation. Name this state. steady state 4. Q: This is a kind of oil that does not move when fluids are flowed through the rock in normal conditions, for example primary and secondary recovery, and invasion. What is this kind of oil? residual oil Geology 5. Q: This is an area of depression in t
9、he crust of the Earth, caused by plate tectonic activity and subsidence, in which sediments accumulate. What is this area of depression called? basin 6. Q: This is a state of pore pressure. In this state the pore pressure is less than normal or hydrostatic pressure. And it is common in areas or form
10、ations that have had hydrocarbon production. What is the pressure state called? underpressure7. Q: This is a type of natural gas that contains less methane （typically less than 85% methane） and more ethane and other more complex hydrocarbons. Name it. wet gas 8. Q: It is the finer grained, interstit
11、ial particles that lie between larger particles or in which larger particles are embedded in sedimentary rocks such as sandstones and conglomerates. What is it? Matrix Perforating 9. Q: This is a small metal tube containing secondary high explosive that is crimped onto the end of the detonating cord
12、. This explosive component is designed to provide reliable detonation transfer between perforating guns or other explosive devices, and often serves as an auxiliary explosive charge to ensure detonation. Name it. Booster 10. Q: This is a device containing primary high-explosive material that is used
13、 to initiate an explosive sequence. The two common types of this device are electrical and percussion. What is this device called? detonator 11. Q: This is a column of high-pressure nitrogen typically applied to a tubing string in preparation for drillstem testing or perforating operations in which
14、the reservoir formation is to be opened to the tubing string. It allows a precise pressure differential to be applied before opening flow from the reservoir. Once flow begins, its pressure can be easily and safely bled down to flow formation fluids under a high degree of control. Name it. nitrogen c
15、ushion Oil and Gas Business 12. Q: This is a term that includes the sale, transfer or conveyance of all or a fraction of ownership interest or rights owned in real estate or other such property. The term is commonly used in the oil and gas business to convey working interest, leases, royalty, overri
16、ding royalty interest and net profits interest. Name it. Assignment Drilling 13. Q: This is a tool used for the measurement of formation properties during the excavation of the hole, or shortly thereafter, through the use of tools integrated into the bottomhole assembly. What is the tool called? LWD
17、 （Logging while drilling） 14. Q: This is a drilling technique whereby gases （typically compressed air or nitrogen） are used to cool the drill bit and lift cuttings out of the wellbore, instead of the more conventional use of liquids. What is the drilling technique called? Gas drilling 15. Q: This is
18、 the adapter between the first casing string and either the BOP stack （during drilling） or the wellhead （after completion）. This adapter may be threaded or welded onto the casing, and may have a flanged or clamped connection to match the BOP stack or wellhead. What is the adapter called? Casing head
19、 16. Q: This is a general term for special mechanical devices used to aid the recovery of equipment lost downhole. What are the mechanical devices called? Fishing tool 17. Q: This is a method of making hole that relies on continuous circular motion of the bit to break rock at the bottom of the hole.
20、 This method, made popular after the discovery of the East Texas Field by Dad Joiner in 1930, is much more efficient than the alternative, cable tool drilling. What is the method called? Rotary drilling Drilling Fluids 18. Q: This is a chemical used to break emulsions （that is, to separate the two p
21、hases）. The type of this chemical selected depends on the type of emulsion, either oil-in-water or water-in-oil. What is this chemical called? Demulsifier19. Q: This is a surface free energy that exists between two immiscible liquid phases, such as oil and water. The energy barrier produced by energ
22、y prevents one liquid from becoming emulsified into the other. What is the energy called? Interfacial tension 20. Q: This is a ratio of the volume percent oil to the volume percent water in an oil mud, where each is a percent of the total liquid in the mud. It is calculated directly from the retort
23、analysis of an oil mud. What is the ratio called? OWR （oil water ratio） 21. Q: This is a velocity gradient measured across the diameter of a fluid-flow channel, be it a pipe, annulus or other shape. It is the rate of change of velocity at which one layer of fluid passes over an adjacent layer. Name
24、this velocity gradient. Shear rate or rate of shear一、选择题1、抽油机井动液面测试的根本目的是为了（D）。A资料录取 B资料全准 C分析供液能力 D工作状况分析2、抽油机配置电机选择时选用的电机功率较大主要是因为抽油机需要（B）。A较大的起动电流 B较大的启动转矩 C消耗较大的能量度 D较大的动转转矩3、电机堵转转矩与额定功率方间是（A）关系。 A线性关系 B反比关系 C没有关系4、自动调压节能控制箱是通过控制（B）实现节能的。A电机接线方式 B可控硅导通角 C电容补偿量 D启动电流实现降压5、热洗时洗井液温度在井筒内的分布规律是（C）。A温
25、度相同 B下高上低 C上高下低 D无明显分布特征6Petrochemicals are generally chemical（A）derived from petroleum. A. compounds B. complex C. combined D. complicated7The oil under the surface of the earth （C）in the distant past. A. manufactured B. generated C. originated D. estimated8The Saudis are also afraid that releasing
26、 too much oil could prompt a sudden price _. （D） A. deposit B. crash C. dump D. collapse二、判断题1、自喷井节点系统分析中，油井生产系统的节点分为普通节点、函数节点及解节点。（ ）（ ）三、填空题1获得地应力的主要方法有 矿场测量或水力压裂法 、 实验室分析（ASR或DSCR）、测井曲线解释和有限元模拟法等。2影响酸蚀裂缝长度的两大障碍是 因反应速度太快而限制酸蚀缝长 和 酸液滤失 等。3游梁式抽油机的机械平衡方式分为 气动平衡 、 游梁平衡 、 曲柄平衡 和 复合平衡 。四、简答题1 分析碳酸盐岩酸化生成
27、物对地层的影响。以盐酸与灰岩反应为例，2HCl+CaCO3CaCl2+H2O+CO2；反应生成物：CaCl2， CO2，H2O的状态由溶解度、溶解曲线等逐一分析，结论：低于28%的盐酸与灰岩反应，反应生成物对地层无影响。3简述无杆泵采油常用的泵有哪些？与有杆泵采油的区别？常用的无杆泵包括潜油电泵、水力活塞泵、水力射流泵和螺杆泵等四种无杆泵举升方式。无杆泵机械采油方法与有杆泵采油的主要区别是不需用抽油杆传递地面动力，而是用电缆或高压液体将地面能量传输到井下，带动井下机组把原油抽至地面。五、绘图题 1用图示意有气体影响和充不满影响的示功图。气体影响典型示功图 充不满影响示功图填空1.SPE的全称是
28、（）。（Society of Petroleum Engineers）2.retrograde condensate pressure的汉语意思是（）。反凝析压力3.油层物理中，露点和泡点的英文分别是（）、（）。（dew point，bubble point）问答1.稠油开发中，有一种技术叫做SAGD，请写出它的英文全称，并翻译。（steam assisted gravity drainage，蒸汽辅助重力驱油）2.Q: A mathematical relationship used in produ-ction engineering to asses well production by
29、plotting the well production rate against the flowing bottom hole pressure. Key: IPR（ inflow performance relationship）选择1.对采油树的结构叙述不正确的是（）。（A）是一个四面带闸门的油管四通（B）下部闸门称为总闸门（C）油压表装在总闸门下方（D）油嘴套在生产闸门外边C 2.下图为（ ）方法得到的无因次IPR曲线。（A）Standing方法（B）Harrison方法（C）Orkiszewski方法（D）Beggs-Brill方法3.规定采油速度和（ ）是油田开发原则中的重要内容。（A）开采方式（B）开发层系（C）布井原则（D）稳产期限D 4.闭合压力不是很大的低渗地层，要
