1、（3）语言结构层次多。从分析句子结构入手翻译长句：（1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,从整体上把握句子的结构（2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。（3）分析从句和短语的功能。（4）注意插入语等其他成分。（5）注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。,1.顺序法,当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时,可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,hea
2、ting our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.该句子由一个主句,三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成,共有五层意思:A.既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时;B.电仍在为我们工作;C.帮我们开动电冰箱;D.加热水;E.或是室内空调机继续运转。上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致,因此,该句可译为:即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时,电仍在为我们工作:帮我们开动电冰箱,把水加热,或使室内空调机继续运转。,Now you try:No matter what the source of their in
3、come,whether earned or from gifts,children should be encouraged to save and to give.不管孩子们的收入来源是什么，挣来的还是别人送的，都应该鼓励他们节俭并乐善好施。Television keeps one informed about current events,allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programs which are both i
4、nstructive and entertaining.电视使人了解时事，熟悉科学政治领域的最新发展，并能源源不断地为观众提供各种有教育意义又有趣的节目。,2.Reversing 逆序法,英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures
5、 and patterns of the language have been understood.一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型,再往下学似乎就越来越难了,这其中的原因,也许教师比学生更容易理解。,Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。,3.Dividin
6、g 切分法,有时英语长句中主语或主句与修饰词的关系并不十分密切,翻译时可以按照汉语多用短句的习惯,把长句的从句或短语化成句子,分开来叙述。Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.人类把自己和其他动物区别开来，因为人类
7、具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境，要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造环境。,The ability of women to earn a living outside the home has increased their freedom to make different kinds of choices with marriage.由于女性有能力走出家门，赚钱养活自己，这使得她们有了更多的自由，能够对婚姻做出各种不同的选择。English skills are critical for us if we intend to build the customer relati
8、onships needed to increase exports to English-speaking countries.如果我们想要增加对英语国家的出口，就需要建立良好的客户关系，而英语技能是至关重要的。,4.Recasting 重组法/综合法,在一些情况下,一些英语长句单纯采用上述任何一种方法都不方便,这就需要我们的仔细分析,或按照时间的先后,或按照逻辑顺序,顺逆结合,主次分明地对全句进行综合处理,以便把英语原文翻译成通顺忠实的汉语句子。I do not believe that there has ever been a more exciting time to do busi
9、ness here,as vast new opportunity is created by your sweeping modernization and ambitious,government-led reform programs for thousands of state-owned enterprises.因为贵国的全面现代化和在政府领导下的、成千上万国营企业雄心勃勃的改革计划给我们创造了无限机遇，我认为在此做生意比以前任何时候都更令人鼓舞。,Our survey showed many teenagers think about,or take part in,irrespo
10、nsible social acts because they are tempted by money.我们的调查显示很多青少年由于受到金钱的诱惑，想过或者参与过不负责任的社会活动。We are pursing a policy of“one country with two systems”,which means that within the Peoples Republic of China,the main land with its one billion people will maintain the socialist system,while Hong Kong and
11、Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.我们的政策是实行“一个国家，两种制度”，就是在中华人名共和国内，十亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾实行资本主义制度。,Exercises,All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.他们所必须做的只是
12、按一下开关。开关一开,就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧,以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。至于政治问题的辩论、最近激动人心的足球赛更是不在话下。It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in May.I was delighted when,as a result of the effort of your company,it proved possible to visit so quickly.原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。由于贵公司的努力，访问这么快得以重新安排，非常高兴。,
