1、非谓语动词的用法大全非谓语动词的用法在英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法是最重要的，而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分， 由于它们内容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，经常被混淆用错，下面通过列表比较的方式， 分析非谓语动词的主要用法。非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系非谓 语动 词相对谓语动词的时间意义例句一般式不定式说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后， 多 数是那些表愿望的词： want; hope; expect; wish 等。I want to go home.I hope to see you.说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生， 多数是那些省略不定式符号的词， 一般是复 合宾语。I
2、 saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things.一般式动名词表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking over the job.在动词 insist on; rely on; count on（ 相信） 等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之 后发生。He insisted on doing that work在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词 on; upon after 代替完成动名词表示的动 作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。I remember s
3、eeing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.一般 式分 词现 在 分 词持续性动词说明分词表示的动作和句 中谓语动词表示的动作同 时发生。He stood there speaking.Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.终止性动词说明分词表示的动作发生 之后，句中谓语动词表示 的动作立刻发生。Entering the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the p
4、ost office.过 去 分 词持续性动词通常说明分词表示的动 作，此句中谓语动词表示 的动作先发生。Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.I cant find my lost pen.说明分词表示的动作和句 中谓语动词表示的动作并 无先后。He is a person well-known in this country.代替完成式现在分词的被 动语态。Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.完成 式不 定式说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。Im so
5、rry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here. He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it. He seemed to have known it.在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose 等动词过去时后， 说明行为动词没 有实现。We wished to have done this.I expected to have left by then.(=I had expected to heave by t
6、hen.)完成 式动 名词说明动名词表示的动作， 此句中动词表示的 动作先发生。We regret having told you the news.After having finished his work, he went home.He denied having broke the glasses.完成 式分 词说明分词表示的动作， 此句中谓语动词表示 的动作先发生。多数表示一些瞬时间动词。 如果是 hear; see 或表示位置转移的动词 arrive; leave; turn; open. 不用完成时Having finished his work, he went home.S
7、itting down with him, we begun to discuss it.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.非谓语动词的被动语态1. 非谓语动词被动语态的意义非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式表示被动的意义The meeting is to be held next week.He wanted to be sent to the hard area.有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区别，具有 “应该”“值的”的意思。不定式是主语的承受者，但 有时作某些形容词的宾语， 如： nice, easy, hard,difficu
8、lt, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap 等。The box is not strong enough to stand this.Its too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much remains to do.The text is hard to learn.动名词表示被动的意义He insisted on being sent
9、 to the hard area.在动词 need, require 等的主动语态和形容词 worth 后 , 表示被动的意义My watch needs repairing.The book is worth reading.分词现在分词表示被动的意义The building being built is a school.Not having been told, he didnt know where to start.过去分词表示被动的意义Heated, the metal expands.2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别非谓语动词意义和用法例句一般式现
10、在分词含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词The person being criticized is ou monitor.完成式分词表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一般是瞬间动词Not having been told about it, I know how to do it.过去分词具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中谓语 动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成式的被动 词态可互换。Given more time, (=Having been gi can do it much better.三非谓语动词的句法作用1. 非谓语动词的句法作用一览表非谓语动词
11、句子成分不定式动名词分词主语宾语直接宾语短语动词宾语宾语补语介词宾语形容词宾语表语定语状语同谓语插入语2. 非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词意义和用法例句动词不定式表示比较具体 的意义， 经常和特定的动作To master a foreign language is no easy job.和执行者联系起来， 经常带 时间或地点状语， 有时表示To do it well is my earnest desire将要发生的动作。To see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question1） 形容词作表语（
12、常见的形容词有： important,动词不定式 （短语） 作主语 时，常见的另一种形式是在difficult, easy hard possible )句首用先行代词 it 作形式 主语， 而将动词不定式 （短It is foolish to act in this way.语）移到谓语之后作真正主 语。用于这种形式是一些特It sounds reasonable to do it this way.定形容词，动词和名词It appears likely for them to arrive.不定式2) 动词作谓语 (常见的动词有： require, cost, amuse, delight
13、, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.It didnt occur to me to ask him to help me.3) 名词作表语It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think th
14、is way.动名词动名词表求比较抽象 （一 般） 和经常性的意义， 有时Collecting stamps is a good hobby. Swimming is a best sport in summer. There is no telling what will happen. There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.可同不定式互换动名词短语作主语时， 常见 的另一种形式是在句首用 先行代词 it 作形式主语面 将动名词短语移至谓语之 后作真实主语。 用于这种形 式是一些特定形容词和名 词1
15、) 形容词作表语 ( 常见的形容词有： enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile)It is nice talking to you.Its foolish behaving like that.It is useless doing that2) 名词作表语Its waste of time doing this. Its no good (use) doing that.Its an awful job doing this. Its fundoing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work.3. 非谓语动词作宾语成
16、分非谓语动词意义和用法例句直 接 宾 语不定式不定式的逻辑主语 一般同谓语动词的 主语一致I want to read a novel.用于该形式的常见的动词有： afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.有时宾语省略不定式符号 ( 常见的有： let fall
17、, let pass, let go, let slip, d better, d rather,d soon,He made believe he was correct.动词不定式（短语） 作宾语时，如其后 有补足语，则可以 用先行语 it 作形式 宾语，而将动词不 定式（短语）后移 作直接宾语He found it necessary to work hard at English.用于该形式的常见的动词有： acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, gue
18、ss, imagine,judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, show, suppose, suspect, take(think), understand, think.see,动名词的逻辑主语 有时同谓语动词的 主语不一致Do you mind my smoking?动名词（短语）作宾语时，如其后有We found it troublesome solving this problem.补足语则可以用先We consider it worthwhile spending some time on行词 it 作形式宾 语，而将动名词短 语后移作
19、直接宾语this.动名词有一类动词后面必 须跟动名词We enjoyed staying there. 常见的动词有： admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise,
20、renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist.有一类动词后面可 跟动名词也可以跟 不定式1) 意义区别不大。He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five. 常见的动词有： start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect,omit, recollect, recall, bear.2)意义有区别a)remember do
21、ing sth 记住做过某事。 remember to do sth 记住要做某事。b)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事。 forget to do sth 记住要做某事。c)regret doing sth 遗憾做过某事。 regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事。d)try doing sth 试着做某事。 try to do sth 努力做某事。e)mean doing sth 意旨做某事。 mean to do sth打算做某事。f)stop doing sth 停止做某事。 stop to do sth 停下来做某事。g)cant help doing sth 忍
22、不住做某事。 canthelp to do sth 不能帮做某事。h)go on doing sth 继续做某事。 go on to dosth 接着做另一事。这一类多是动词和He insisted on doing that.短 语动名词小品词构成的短语常见的短语有： stand up, leave off, put off, give动up, cant help(stand)词这一类多数是一些Heis about to leave. He did nothing but play.宾 语不定式特定的用法。drather do sth, d better do sth, d like/lov
23、eto do sth,宾 语 宾 补不定式强调动作发生的事 实、将要和应该做 的事We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.I helped him (to) learn English.He arranged for me to stay there.常见的动词有：1) 省略不定式符号的动词： make, let, have, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at2) 表示“致使” 意义的动词： advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, enc
24、ourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn3) 表示心理状态的动词： consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, suppose, understand.4) 短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, providefor, ask for, care for, lo
25、ng for, wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on动名词说明实际的情况， 这种形式数量不 多。We call this process testing.We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet.分词现在分词强调动作进行的过程I found him coming in.He kept him waiting outside.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了 主语补语，分词形式不变。He was seen coming in过去分词表示动作已完成，同宾 语是
26、被动关系，说明动 作在谓语动词表示的动 作之前。have (get) 表示的动作 往往表示别人完成，有 时这个动作可能由主语 完成We found him tied to the tree.I had my hair cut.I cant get this motor started.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了 主语补语，分词形式不变。He was found tied to the tree.介 词 宾 语不定式这一类多是一些特定的形式，I hardly remember what I did besides read. He had nothing in mind excep
27、t to work hard. It is better to do some work than to spend the time idly.There is no way out than climb the cliff.动名词这一类数量较多。Im afraid of making mistakes while speaking English.He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her.On (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came to see his friend.In (while) doin
28、g this, he learned a lot.常见的短语： look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to doing sth形 容 词 宾不定式这一类有些语法家也认 为是这些形容词的原因 状语。I am glad to see you. 常见的形容词有： cross, angry, context, furious, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry, thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxio7us, eager, pone, ready
29、, reluctant, willing, humble, jealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky ， sad这一类有些语法家也认 为是这些形容词的原因 状语。I am surprised to see you. 常见的过去分词有： annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, concerned, amazed, confused delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed, embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared, thrilled, vexed动名词这一类多是一些特定的 用法。The tree seems like trembling.The book is worth reading.He is busy working.4. 非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词意义和用法连系动词例句表示具体的动有时可用To see is to believe. Seeing is
