1、上海中考英语核心词汇梳理及语法分类练习1上海中考英语核心词汇梳理及语法分类练习1A1. able adj. 有能力的；能干的【短语】be able to 能，会用able的适当形式填空1) I am sure Ben has the _ to finish the work by himself. ability2) He was so excited that he was _ to say a word. unable3) Excellent English _ him to get the offer easily. enables2. about prep. 关于；对于：【辨析】abo
2、ut与on：about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事, 其谈论的内容也较为普通；而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，其论述的内容较正式或较为严肃。1) It is said that about _ students will take part in the English Contest this coming Friday.A. five hundred B. five hundreds C. hundreds of D. five hundred of2) abouton The class teacher was talking with my mother _ my b
3、ehavior in the classroom. about They are discussing _ the date of holding the opening ceremony. on3. above prep. 在上面：The lamp hangs above the bed. 灯挂在床的上方。【辨析】above与over：两者都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直方向的正上方，而 above 则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)。1) There is a bridge _ the river. over2) I saw the planes flying _
4、 the hills. above4. abroad adv. 到国外，在国外：I want to study abroad in the future. 将来我想在国外学习。His friends are going abroad on holiday. 他的朋友准备出国休假。【辨析】abroad与aboard: abroad意为到国外；aboard意为登机、登船1) 他和朋友准备出国休假。_He is going abroad on holiday with his friends.2) 我们在船上过了两个月。_We spent two months aboard.5. across pr
5、ep. 穿过，横穿：Be careful across the road. 过马路要小心。【注意】across 是介词，不是动词，与之意义相近的动词形式是 cross，注意不要混淆。Be careful when you come _ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. If you are under five, you should _ the street with an adult.A. across, across B. across, cross C. cross, cross D. cross,
6、across6. active adj. 积极的：用active的适当形式填空1) Harry is dreaming of being an _ like Tom Cruise. actor2) He always takes an active part in the class _.(保持原意不变) activitiesHe _ always _ in the class _. Is, active, activities3) The government ought to take _ to strengthen the economic growth. Action7. afford
7、 v. 有足够的(钱，时间)做某事：Today many families can afford a car. 如今很多家庭买得起车。I cannot afford the time to go to the market today. 今天我抽不出时间去市场了。【用法】通常与 can, be able to 等连用；后接动词时要用不定式，不用动名词。他家境比较贫寒，以至于负担不起他的大学费用。_His family was so poor that he couldnt afford the college expenses.8. afraid adj. 害怕的：Most people ar
8、e afraid of snake. 大多数人都怕蛇。【短语】be afraid of 害怕：He is afraid of nothing. 他什么都不怕。【用法】是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。9. after prep. & conj. 在之后；在后面After he finished his homework, he went out to play basketball. (同义句转换)_ _ his homework, he went out to play basketball. After finishing10. agree v. 同意，赞成：I agree with
9、 you on that point. 在那一点上我同意你的观点。【说明】后接动词要用不定式，不用动名词。汤姆的言行不一致。_Toms words dont agree with his actions.他不同意采用我的建议。_ He didnt agree to take my advice.11. alive adj. 活着的：The fish is still alive. 鱼还是活的。He is alone, but lucky to be alive. 他孤单一人，但所幸还活着。【辨析】alive, living和live：三者均可表示“活着的”，alive 主要作表语，可用于人或动
10、物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。Live做形容词应该用于live show“现场直播”。If there is no sun, there will be no _ things on the earth, that means nothing can be _.A. alive, living B. living, alive C. living, live D. alive, live12. allow v. 允许，准许Are we allowed to sit down.?能允许我们坐下吗？【短语】 al
11、low sb to do sth 允许某人做某事：1) People are not allowed _ in the cinema , but they will allow _in the rest room. A to smoke, smoke B smoking , to smoke C to smoke , smoking D smoking ,smoke 2) We mustnt smoke in the office. (同义句转换) We _ _ to smoke in the office. Arent allowed We _ _ smoking in the office
12、. Arent allowed13. alone adv. 独自，单独地; adj.单独的，独自的：I want to talk with you alone. 我想和你单独谈谈。I was alone in the house.房子里只有我一个人。Though he lives _, he never feels _.A. lonely, alone B. lonely, lonely C. alone, lonely D. alone, alone14. amaze v. 使大为惊讶，使惊愕【短语】be amazed at / by对感到惊讶I was amazed at / by her
13、 calmness. 我对她的镇定感到吃惊。他居然还活着使她感到惊异。_She was amazed that he was still alive.他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇。_He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.15. angry adj. 发怒的，生气的：He was so angry with his brother. 他很生弟弟的气。【短语】 be angry with sb对某人发脾气 be angry at / about sth 对某事生气：1) 父母最好不要经常对孩子发脾气。_Parents had better no
14、t often be angry with children. 2) 他总是为一些事生气。_He is always getting angry about something.3) He looked _ when he saw his naughty son, so he shouted at him _. Angry, angrilyTo his great _, only 15% students passed the examination. (angry) anger16. another adj.& pron. 另一个(的)；又一个(的)：1) The manager belie
15、ves prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.A. any other B. the other C. another D. other2) There is something wrong with our old TV set. So we decide to buy _ one. A. the other B. the others C. others D. another3) -What does “refrigerator” mean?-Its _ way of saying fridge. We call it fried
16、 for short.A. other B. others C. another D. the others17. any adj.什么；一些；任何的可与body， one， thing搭配构成不定代词【用法】常用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。1) The mountain is too high for _ to get to the top of it in an hour.A. everyone B. no one C. someone D. anyone2) Are you going to make _ for the food festival?A. anything special
17、 B. special anything C. something special D. special something3) Dont tell _. Its a secret between you and me.A. someone else B. someone C. anyone else D. anyone4) I want _ to read, _ will do.A. something, anything B. anything, anything C. something, something D. anything, something18. appear v. 出现，
18、露面用appear的适当形式填空1) The thief ran away and _ in the darkness. disappeared19. arrive v. 到达，抵达某地【辨析】arrive, get 和reach：三者均可表示“到达”，区别如下：arrive 和 get均不可直接接宾语，但可接 here, there, home 之类的表地点的副词作状语。reach可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。1) Has the train from Tibet _? I am looking forward to meeting my old friends. A. arrive
19、d B. reached C. got to D. arrived in2) Whats the departure and _ time of the next train? (arrive) arrival20. as conj. 按照，如同；因为，由于1)作为一名好老师，他很关心自己的学生。_As a good teacher, he cares about his students very much. 2) 我没有去看那部电影，因为我认为它不够吸引人。_ I didnt watch the film, as I thought it wasnt attractive.3) 虽然雨下得
20、很大，但我还是像平常一样去上学。_It is raining heavily but I go to school as usual.4) Jean works hard but she doesnt work _ Mary.A. as harder than B. as hard than C. as harder as D. as hard as5) Ten years ago the population of our village was _ that of theirs.A. as twice large as B. twice as large as C. twice as mu
21、ch as D. as twice much as21. asleep, sleeping, sleepy1) As soon as he went to bed, he fell _. asleep2) Its necessary for you to take a _ bag when you want to go for a picnic. sleeping3) I felt so _ that I couldnt make my eyes open any more. sleepy22. at prep. 在口头说出下列的短语at all (用于否定句)一点也不 at least 至少
22、，起码at midnight 在半夜 at night 在晚上，在夜里at school 在学校 at sea 在大海上at the age of 在岁时 at the beginning of 开始；起初at the end of 在结尾，到尽头 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时23. attack v. 攻击，袭击 attract v. 吸引 Three men attacked him and stole his money. 三个人袭击了他，抢走了他的钱。The film star attracts many fans. 这位电影明星吸引了大群的
23、影迷。1) The 2010 World Expo _ a large number of visitors all over the world. attracted2) The film is so _ that I cant help seeing it again and again. attractive3) The soldiers _ quietly the Japanese and achieve the success of this battle. attackedB1. bad (worse, worst) adj. 坏的，严重的1) It looks like the
24、weather is changing for _, shall we stick to our plan?A. the worse B. worse C. the worst D. worst2) The air is polluted and our health is getting _ _ and _.A. seriously, bad, worse B. serious, badly, worseC. seriously, worse, worse D. serious, worse, worse3) Rose caught a _ cold and has been _ ill f
25、or days.A. bad, bad B. bad, badly C. badly, bad D. badly, badly2. beat (beat, beaten) v. 打败；敲打Finally, the Tiger Team _ the Bear Team.A. hit B. won C. beat D. defeated3. beautiful adj. 美丽的，漂亮的We are all amazed at the _ of nature. (beautiful) beauty4. because conj. 因为We didnt go out for a walk becaus
26、e it was raining. (同义句转换)We didnt go out for a walk _ _ _ _ _. because of the heavy rain5. before prep. 在之前1) 在父亲回来之前我已经做完了作业。_I had finished my homework before my father came back.6. beside prep. 在旁边 besides prep.除了Our school is beside the river. 我们学校在江边。Come and sit beside me. 过来，坐在我身边。1) We go to
27、 school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.A. except B. beside C. except for D. besides2) The movie was good _ the ending.A. beside B. except C. except for D. besides3) I visited the temple at the top of the hill. There were three more visitors _ me.A. beside B. except for C. except D. besides7. best a
28、dj. 最好的【短语】do ones best 尽力：You must do your best. 你必须全力以赴。best-seller n. 畅销货(书)：The best-seller at the bookshop is Harley English. 书店里的畅销书是哈利英语。1) All of us are proud of the great changes in Shanghai. Were sure Shanghai will be even _ tomorrow.A. good B. better C. best D. the best2) In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling
