1、新课标高中英语必修一unit5学案Unit 5 Nelson Mandela1. quality n.特性，性质；质，质量eg. One quality of wood is that it can burn.eg. This new watch is of high quality.eg. He has all the qualities of a successful businessman. 短语：average quality平常的品质 goog/bad quality好/坏的品质 the best quality最好的质量 extra fine quality特等 first-rat
2、e quality一等 high quality优质 poor quality劣质quantity n.量，数量eg. Quality is more important than quantity. 注意：a large quantity of修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，而large/great quantities of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，作主语，谓语动词用复数。eg. A large quantity of people is needed here.eg. Large quantities of foof have rotten away. 短语：i
3、n quantity, in large quantities “大量的”in small quantities “少量的” 练习：(1) Its often less expensive to buy goods in / quantity, but youd better examine the quantity before buying them.(2) A large quantity of food is (be) needed in the flooded area.(3) Large quantities of food are (be) needed in the flood
4、ed area. Qualify vt.使具有资格 拓展：Characteristic 特色，特性，典型Feature 特征，特色character 特点，性格2. willing adj. =eager, ready, glad愿意帮助的，乐于的派生词：unwilling adj.不愿意的willingly adv. 愿意地unwillingly adv. 不情愿地willingness n.愿意 短语：be willing to do sth=be ready to do sth.；=be content to do sth.乐意做某事be willing for sb. to do乐意让
5、某人做某事eg. He is a kind-hearted man, who is willing to help others.eg. The boy did homework very unwillingly.注意：will除用来表示将来时态以外，还可以用作动词表示“意愿” I will help him if he will help others如果他愿意帮助别人我就愿意帮助他。 will 用作n. 表示“意志，意向，遗嘱”He has a strong will. 他意志坚强Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 He got th
6、e house under the will of his father. 依照他父亲的遗嘱，他得到了那所房子。He obeyed the order against his will他无可奈何地服从命令。练习：用will, would, willing填空(1) I told him not to go, but he would not listen.(2) Im willing to admit that I have hurt her, but I didnt mean to.(3) She has a strong will, and she does what she wants
7、no matter what people say.3. active adj (1)积极的，主动的 take ( an active) part in（积极）参加=be active in sth.（在某方面）积极 active voice 主动语态 (2)活跃的 have an active brain头脑灵活activity n. 活跃，活力 (pl.)活动be in activity（火山等）在活动中political activities 政治活动social activities社会活动4. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心短语归纳（1）lose ones heart to 爱
8、上，喜欢上break ones heart 使人难过（心碎）put ones heart into把全部心思放在=set ones mind to sth.heart and soul全心全意地learn sth.by heart记熟=keep/bear sth. in mind（强调状态）=recite（强调动作）give heart to sb.鼓励某人短语归纳（2）lose face丢脸lose weight减轻体重lose ones purse/wallet丢钱包lose ones patience失去耐心lose ones balance失去平衡lose ones temper发脾气
9、lose ones way迷路lose ones head/ reason/ voice/ hearing/ control/ mindlose sight of看不见，忘记，忽略lose touch (contact) with和失去联系lose oneself in陷入lost in thought 陷入沉思5. in trouble 处于不幸中eg. The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents, he was always in trouble那个男孩给父母带来很多麻烦，他深感愧疚。troube n.(1)U,C烦恼，苦恼eg. What
10、 is your trouble?你有什么烦恼？(2)C讨厌的人或事eg. It is a great touble to carry these bottles.(3) C,U常用复数，动乱，乱子make trouble捣乱political troubles政治动乱（4） 病，毛病=diseaseeye/heart/stomach trouble眼/心脏/胃病vt.使烦恼be troubled by bad news为坏消息烦恼vi 烦恼，苦恼Dont trouble about it.别为此而烦恼短语归纳：look/ask for trouble自寻烦恼get into trouble陷
11、入困境get sb. out of trouble使某人摆脱困境have some trouble( difficulty, problems) with sth. 在方面有困难have trouble (in) doing=have difficulty (in) doing在做方面有困难介词in可省的短语还有：be busy (in); spend (in); have no time (in)take trouble to do/doing sth.尽力做某事make trouble制造麻烦，闹事，捣乱trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事=put sb. to th
12、e trouble of doing sth.6. fight v.打仗，打架(fought,fought) 用法：fight+n.与作战eg. They had to fight the government.fight/struggle for 为争取而斗争eg.They told the workers to fight for their rights.fight/struggle against与做斗争/作战fight/struggle with（1）与并肩作战（2）同进行战斗=fight/struggle against fight with sb. about/over sth.
13、因某事和某人吵架fight back还击，抵抗fight off击退，排斥fight ones way打出一条生路区别：fight, struggle, war ,battle, campaignfight“战争”，指战争的动作struggle指较长时期的激烈的争斗，往往指肉体、精神上的战斗(1) struggle against后可接表示人或物的名词，表示与对立（对抗）的人或物进行斗争，“同做斗争”(2) struggle for后通常接抽象名词，“为（真理，事业，解放等）而斗争（奋斗）war“战争“，指全面斗争，包含多次battle “战役“，指大的，连续数小时或数天的战争the batt
14、le of Waterloo滑铁卢战役 campaign : “战役”,表示a series of battles7. prison短语：be in prison坐牢get into prison入狱send sb to prison (be sent to prison)把投进监狱（被投进监狱）eg. The thief was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被囚禁一年go to prison去坐牢put sb. in prison=send sb. to prison= throw/cast sb. into prison把投进监狱break (out of
15、) prison/ escape from prison越狱逃跑注意：go to prison 蹲监狱go to the prison到监狱去eg The criminals wife went to the prison to visit her husband.犯人的妻子到监狱去看望丈夫。类似的用法还有：go to school go to hospitalgo to the school go to the hospital.8advise v.劝告，忠告；通知，告知用法： advise +n.建议某事 eg. The doctor advised a change of air. ad
16、vise (ones) doing 建议做某事 advise sb. to do sth.=try/want to persuade sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事 advise sb. not to do sth=advise sb. against sth/doing sth. advise sb. on sth.就某事给某人出主意 advise that (should) +do advise +wh-+to do区别advise和 persuadeeg. I advised him to give up smoking, but failed.eg. I persuaded
17、 him to give up smoking and he never smoke now练习：(1) She advised me to wear my best clothes（劝我穿上）(2) We have worked for a long time. I advise having a rest（建议休息一会儿）advice n.U建议短语：a piece/bit fo advice一条建议give advice to sb.给某人提意见ask (sb.) for advice征询（某人的）意见give some advice on就提出意见follow ones advice=
18、take ones advice接受某人的意见派生词：adv iser/advisor n.顾问9continue(1) vt.继续做某事eg. After a short rest they continued their work.eg. After graduation I continued to devote myself to doing this research(2) vi.（时间或空间上）延续eg. The forest continued for miles(3) vt.接着说eg.” The team was excellent,” he continued,” But
19、this time it was beaten in the game.他接着说：“这个队很好，但这次输了比赛。“(3) link v.继续（处于某种状态）eg. The weather continues cold and weteg. According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend.用法归纳：continue+n.continue to do/doing =go on doingcontinue +(to be) adj.=remainto be continued待续（用于
20、报刊上连载的文章等）continued story连载小说（故事） 比较：go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事情eg. After a short rest, they went on working.短暂休息之后，他们继续工作go on to do sth.接着做另外一件事情eg. After finishing the words, they went on to go over the text.结束单词后，他们接着复习课文。go on with sth.继续同一件事，此时with 后能接名词，代词，不能接动词ing形式eg. Einstein went on with hi
21、s research.爱因斯坦继续他的研究工作go on继续（说）表示“继续“的说法：continue“继续“后面跟动词不定式和动名词没有区别go ahead with=go on with隐含有付出努力之意keep on doing=(1) go on doing =(2)指不顾困难，反对或警告而坚持做某事eg. He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop医生告诉他停止后，他还是继续吸烟。区别：continue /lastcontinue指”持续而无终止”，通常强调”不间断continue ones work 继续工作last指“
22、持久 ”，“延续” eg. The rain will not last long这雨不会持续很久。10. fee n.费，（会费，学费等），酬金区别：fee, fare, income, pay wage, salary, paymentfee指学费，会费，入场费，手续费和付给医生，律师的费用，如：schooling feefare指车费，船费，旅差费，飞机票价等。如：the bus fareincome收入，收益，进款总称pay薪水，工资，最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政府部门工作的人的薪资，可指军饷。另外可作动词 pay sb.payment 支付；支付的款项；作为支付的东西；报偿，报
23、应wages 复工资；指劳动者、工人等的工资，通常指给予短期工作者的报酬。much/ little wagessalary薪水；指从事脑力劳动的劳动者，如事务员，记者，教师，牧师等的薪水11. gold n. U(1)黄金，金子(2)宝贵，优美 a voice of gold金嗓子(3) 金色，金黄色old gold古金色adj.(1)金制的，含金的 a gold watch金表(2)金色的 (=golden)Gold Coast黄金海岸gold fish金鱼gold mine金矿gold rush淘金热gold-smith金匠golden adj.(1)金色的，黄金般的 a golden s
24、unset辉煌的日落(2)贵重的，绝好的 a golden saying金玉良言Golden Age（希腊故事中）黄金时代Golden Gate Bridge金门大桥12. worry about 担心，忧虑worry vt. 使烦恼，使担忧eg. Whats worrying you?什么事使你烦恼？短语：worry sb. with sth.麻烦/打扰某人worry thatbe worried about（为）发愁，着急（强调心理状态）eg. She is worrying about his health.(强调动作)eg. She is worried about his healt
25、h（强调心理状态）worrying adj.令人烦恼的worried adj.感到烦恼的a worried look担心的神色look worried看起来很焦虑worry (worries)(pl.)(1)n.U=anxiety烦恼，担心，焦虑 eg. She has no worry at all她没有一点烦恼。(2) nC(pl)=trouble,difficulty令人烦恼的人或事be full of worries有种种烦恼练习：用worry worrying, worried填空(1) Ted Robinson has been worried all the week.(2) A
26、 long period of worrying led to her nervous weakness.(3) My parents will worry is I come home late13. out of work失业=out of a job （强调状态）=lose ones job（强调动作）eg. He has been out of work for a year and now hes looking for a job.短语归纳（1）： in work有工作 at work在工作 off work在休假 after work下班后 go to work去上班短语归纳（2
27、）out of order坏了，混乱out of control失去控制out of date过时out of temper发脾气out of patience失去耐心out of mind心不在焉out of breath气喘吁吁out of sight看不见out of hearing听不见out of shape变形out of business失业，破产out of action失去作用out of sense失去理性out of danger脱离危险out of repair失修out of practice技术生疏out of pity出于同情grow out of产生于；因长大而
28、不再做out of count不计其数out of heart没精神；沮丧walk/run out of从走/跑出来out of ones reach够不着out of step与步调不一致jump out of bed从床上跳下来three out of four people四个人中的三个look out of the window向窗外看out of line与不一致out of question毫无疑问out of the question=impossible决不可能区别：work /job/taskwork U作名词，有体力和脑力劳动的意思，又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。 eg
29、. You have done a days work in 3 hours他在三个小时之内完成了一天的工作。Job C作为“工作”解，有两层含义，一个是“干活”的“活”；一个是 作为职业的“事”(=employment)。job 作“干活”的“活”解时的同义词有task， duty等；作为职业的“事”解时同义词有 position, place, situation, posteg. When you start a job, you must stick to it.一旦你开始了一项工作，就得持之以恒。14. position vt.安放，安置 n.(1)方位，位置eg. Can you
30、show me the position of your school on the map?(2)状态，状况，情势eg. The position is very serious.情况很紧急。eg. In my present position, I cannot help you.(3)职业，职务，工作eg. He has got a position in a bank.(4)见解，立场eg. What is your position on the new taxes?关于新税法你有何见解？短语：in position 在适当的位置，在应在的位置out of position 在错误的位置，不得其所15. accept区别：accept/ receiveaccept “同意 ”，“接受（邀请，建议等）”，“认为属实”表示主观上乐意接受，接到，eg. accept a gift/a piece of advice/ an apology 接受礼物/劝告/道歉eg. I cant accept that he is to blame我认为不能责怪他receive “接到，收到（包裹、信等）”不表示主观上接纳 receive a letter/ a telephone call/ a good education/ the Nobel
