1、历年高考英语真题分类汇编J单元 课标全国卷含全国卷12历年高考英语真题+模拟新题J1 阅读填空（七选五）J12016全国卷 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项. Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes
2、 for thousands of years. _36_ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. _37_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden messa
3、ge “Meet me”_38_ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To r
4、ead the message of a real code, you must have a code book. _39_ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. _40_ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
5、 AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language, some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each w
6、ord spell it out. FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法.36D考查推理判断及语境理解.根据后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关,故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑.37E考查推理判断及语境理解.后面举的例
7、子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母作为密码,由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑.38G考查推理判断及语境理解.根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法,故判断G选项符合语境.39F考查推理判断及语境理解.根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用,故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用.40A考查推理判断及语境理解.根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码,但是一本密码书也很难长时间的保密,故判断A选项符合语境.J12016全国卷 A garden thats just right for youHave you ever
8、 visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? _16_. But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approa
9、ch the gardening process. _17_Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of colour. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). _18_. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explai
10、n why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall(回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. _19_how being in those gardens
11、 made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. _20_. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden. Have fun. A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your
12、 own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersEStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsFYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooGFor each of those gardens, write down the strongest memo
13、ry you have 【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了如何建造一个属于自己的美丽花园.16F考查上下文的语境理解.结合空格前面的句子的意思“你是否参观过似乎很适合你的花园,好像这个花园的气氛也超出了它的各个部分的总和”,由此可知F项的意思“你也可以建造一个属于你的漂亮的花园”符合题意.17A考查语境理解及主题句.综合本段的信息,尤其是“there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知,我们首先要明白自己为什么要建造这个花园,这与A的意义一致.18E考查上下文的语境理解.
14、根据空格前面的“Some people may think that a garden is no moreOthers are concerned about using gardening methods”可知,有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草,另一些人则关心使用更少的水和更少的肥料.因此此处仍然是在说人们对于园艺有着不同的看法,这与E项的内容一致.19C考查上下文的语境理解.根据前句的意思“那些都不重要”可知本空强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么.故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文的语境.20G考查上下文的语境理解.这一部分主要介绍建造属于自己的花园的时候,要回忆一下年幼
15、的时候看到的那些花园,并分别记录它们各自的优点和缺点,为制订自己的花园计划打下基础,因此选G.J12016全国卷 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Everyone knows that fish is good for health. _16_ But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish
16、 in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. _17_ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way._18_ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. _19_ When you
17、 have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. _20_ First, clean it
18、and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its ready to serve. A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It
19、 just requires a little knowledge. EThe fish will go bad within hours. FWhen buying fish, you should first smell it. GThe fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文,介绍了吃鱼对人的好处,以及新鲜鱼的挑选及烹饪方法.16. G承接上一句“大家都知道鱼对人的健康有益”可知,下一句应该是说“鱼的脂肪被认为能够预防心脏病”.故选G项.17. D上文提及“买鱼、贮存鱼和烹饪鱼不难”,下
20、一句说“本文就是有关如何购买鱼,并用简易的方法烹饪鱼的”,所以空格处应该是说“买鱼、储存鱼和烹饪鱼要求具备一些相关的知识”.故选D项.18. F 由空格后的句子说“新鲜的鱼闻起来应该味道鲜美”可知上一句应该是说“你买鱼的时候应该首先闻一闻”.故选F项.19. A由上一句说“任何鱼腥味或者难闻的腥臭味都意味着鱼不新鲜了”可知下一句应该是说“不要买这样的鱼”.故选A项.20. B空格前的句子说“烹饪鱼有多种常见的方法”,后面介绍蒸鱼的步骤,由此可知空格处的句子应该是关于蒸鱼的.故选B项.J12016四川卷 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Both
21、men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. _36_ In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. _37_
22、Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks._38_ They help the body defend itself
23、against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men._39_ Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some
24、think that a womans body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a mans. Others think that a mans body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. _40_ AHowever, women, on average, live longer.BThe biological factor plays an important part.C. Women are also helped by their female genes.D. T
25、he female hormones also protect the body in another way.ERecent research seems to support both of these possibilities.FTherefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.GHormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.【要点综述】 文章探究了女性比男性寿命更长的
26、原因.36. A前句谈到如今的男女都活得更长；后句讲女性会比男性多活6、7年.故此空与前句为转折关系,并谈到女性比男性活得更长.37. G前句提到有助女性活得更长的一个重要因素是男女之间荷尔蒙的差异.故空白处应随之解释荷尔蒙这一名词,故选G项.38. D根据后句“它们会保护身体免于某些感染”可知,这是女性荷尔蒙保护身体的另一种方式.故选D.39. C后句谈到了基因,即关键词,故选C项,此处转换了话题.40. E前句谈到两种猜想,故选E项“最近的调查似乎支持这两种可能性”.此处关键词为both.A 2016江西九江七校高三第一次联考Balance selfcare and caring for
27、othersHow do I balance selfcare and caring for others? If you are asking this question, you are one of those people who tend to be selfless. _1_ So, how do you strike a balance?Avoid killing the goose. _2_ In other words, you are going to kill the goose. If you work at a homeless shelter 50 hours a
28、week for two weeks and then quit because you are overwhelmed(压垮),it wont do nearly as much good as if you work five hours a week all year around. Kind people usually fall into a trapthey try to do so much good but they dont realize that more is not always better._3_ You dont always have to sacrifice
29、 a lot to do something good. This doesnt mean that personal sacrifice is bad, but giving a friend the money that you and your family need to spend on food or rent isnt a great plan. Sometimes you just need to take care of yourself and you family. You can still support and encourage friends, but you
30、dont have to make deep sacrifices to care for someone._4_ This is something that every new parent eventually has to figure out: having that first date away from the child can be a guilty experience, but it is better for the child to be sent to his or her grandparents once in a while so that the pare
31、nts can relax themselves and have a good time. Then the parents will come back better equipped to care for the child. _5_ taking care of yourself is taking care of them. It makes you strong, and then you can pass that strength on to them.ALearn to care for others,BMake reasonable sacrifices.CLet me
32、praise the sweet side of your personality.DKnow the importance of selfcare.EIf you are encouraging or supporting others,FBut you dont know when to stop caring for others and start caring for yourself.GIf you aggressively(过分地) give and never care for yourself, you are going to burn out.【文章大意】 本文教给我们如何平衡照顾自己和照顾他人.你不要总是牺牲很多.你可以支持和鼓励朋友,但是你不必为了照顾别人而做出巨大的牺
