1、人教新课标必修五unit4重点词汇解析人教新课标必修五：unit4 重点词汇详解1.eager(keen, anxious) adj. 热切的；渴望的(after, about, for)The boy was eager for success. 男孩子急于获得成功。He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends. 他盼望他的父母去见他的女朋友。The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody.商店里的那个女售货员总是十分殷勤，希望使人人满意。【习惯用语】be
2、eager for 渴望，渴求，争取be eager about 渴望，渴求，争取be eager after 渴望，渴求，争取be eager to do 急欲，渴望做【参考词汇】eager /keen /anxious 意思都含“渴望的”。eager指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的”, 有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”, 如：He was eager to see her. 他渴望见到她。keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”, 如： They were keen to win. 他们急于取胜。anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望，并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安
3、，感到焦虑的”, 如： lm anxious to know the final result. 我急于想知道最后的结果。eagerly adv. eagerness n.2.work/task/ duty/job/responsibility【参考词汇】work 常指正式职业和职位的经常性、一般性工作，不含有“艰巨”、“沉重”等意思。是不可数名词。at work在工作work hard at努力工作（或学习）；out of work失业。My work is as a doctor.我当医生（职业）。task 一般指必须完成的“任务”, 是可数名词。如： Mother set me the
4、task of sweeping the floor.母亲把扫地的任务 交给了我。task 往往含有“艰巨”、“沉重”等意思。而work 除另有修饰语外不含此种意思。duty指“道义上的责任”, 较强调“自觉性”, 如： Every citizen has the duty to construct his country. 每个公民都有建设祖国的责任。job指“活、事、一份工作”时是可数名词，多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动，尤指作为某人的手艺、行业或职业的工作。可数。Washing the windows is not my job. 洗窗子不是我的事儿（任务）。习惯表达： a good j
5、ob一件好事lose ones job失业be out of a job失业 do a good job干的不错It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours aday.修理自行车就是他的话，而且常常是一天要干14个小时。responsibility 指“由于法律、职业或道德等的要求而应尽的责任”, 含有“法津上对后果负责任”的意味， 如：The resposibility rests on us. 这由我们负责。Do not forget your duty to your p
6、arents. 不要忘记对父母应尽的责任。3.course n. 过程；经过；进程in the course of discussion 在讨论期间道路；路线；方向 The ship was blown off course. 那船被吹离航线。【习惯用语】in course of 在.的过程中in due course 在适当的时候；不久以后in the courts of在.期间during the course of 在.期间4.meanwhile adv. 此时 同时Theyll be here soon. Meanwhile well have some coffee. 他们即刻就到，
7、我们现在先喝点咖啡。Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.与此同时，我的舌头忙于寻找被拔牙齿的伤口。Meanwhile, two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.与此同时，另外两位演员把两个盛着食物的大篮子拿到树下荫凉的地方。Jane was writing a letter and meanwhile Pat was watching T.V. 简
8、在写信，而在此同时帕特在看电视。5.case n.事；事例This is a case of stupidity, not dishonesty. 这只是个愚蠢的例子，并非不诚实。情形；场合；状况 Well, in that case, I would prefer to stay on the bus, I answered. 唉，那样的话，我宁愿留在车上啦，我回答说。a case of poverty 穷苦的情形病症；病例 This is a case of fever. 这是一发烧的病例。案件；诉讼 a difficult case to prove 一个很难办的案子In this ca
9、se Im acting for my friend Mr Smith. 我在这次诉讼中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益。The case against Mr. White is said to be heard tomorrow. 据说怀特先生被起诉一案定于明天开庭。The case was settled out of court. 这案件在庭外解决。事实；实情 The police have a clear case against the prisoner. 警察有充足的事实对付那个囚犯。Is that the case? No, thats not the case. 事实是那样吗？不，事
10、实并非如此。【习惯用语】in case假使，以防(引导虚拟语气)Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。in case of假如；如果；万一 In case of rain they cant go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。in any case无论如何，不管怎样in no case 决不；无论如何不in that case 如果是那样的话in this case 假如这样的话in the case of 就.来说， 关于6.accuse vt. accused, accusing 控告；指控The
11、police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。 The police accused him of stealing. 警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。Mary was accused as an accomplice. 玛丽被指控为同谋犯。accuse/charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charge
12、d him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。【常用搭配】in charge of 主管，看管 in(under)the charge of 在的掌管下charge sb.with 指控某人charge(sb.)(money)for sth. 要价，要(某人)付.(钱)买某物take charge 开始管理，接管7.deny vt. denied, denying 否认；否定；拒绝相信He said that I had stolen his bicycle, but I denied it. 他说我偷了他的自行车，可是我否认了。背弃；摒弃 He denied his countr
13、y. 他背弃了自己的国家。拒绝；不给；不予；不允许 He denies his wife nothing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。【习惯用语】deny oneself 自制；克己；舍弃deny /decline /refuse /reject 都含“拒绝”的意思。deny指“坚定地否认某事为真实的”。如： He denied the charge. 他否认了控告。deny doing(否认做过某事)；deny sb. sth(拒绝给某人某物)。Deny+that从句decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”。如： He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉
14、拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。refuse 系普通用语，指“坚决、果断或坦率地(不友善地)拒绝”, 如： He refused to take the money. 他拒绝接受此款。reject指“以否定、敌对的态度而当面拒绝”(指通过抛弃或送走、专横地拒绝), 主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。如： They rejected damaged goods. 他们拒收损坏的货物。H
15、e asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。8.defend vt. 保卫；防护；防守She had to defend herself against the guard dog. 她不得不防备看门狗咬她。辩护；辩解 ;守卫；防御Hes better at defending than attacking. 他的防守优于进攻。 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。【习惯用语】
16、 defend against 保卫； 抵抗 defend from 保护， 保卫(使不受伤害)【参考词汇】 defend /guard /protect /preserve 都含“保护”、“使安全”的意思。defend指“保卫”、“防御”, 应用范围很广， 对象可以是具体的， 也可以是抽象的， 用于defend sb. against / from harm结构。如： defend oneself against enemy 防御敌人。guard 指“注意观察、戒备， 以免受可能的攻击或伤害”, 如： guard a coastline 守卫海岸线。protect 指“保护。.以免遭受危险或
17、伤害等”, 常用protect sb. from sth./against sth.的结构。如： protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害。preserve 指“防护、保存。.免被分解或腐烂”, 如： Salt preserves food from decay. 盐能防止食物腐烂。secure指确保不会发生意外等如secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危险。By strengthening the river banks, the city secured itself against flood. 由于加强了河堤
18、， 该城可确保免受水灾。9.normal adj. 正常的；常态的；一般的The normal price of a ticket if $230! 一张票的正常价格是230英镑。above below normal 标准以上下 return to normal 恢复正常The rain raised the river two meters above normal. 雨水使得这条河水位超出标准两米。智力正常的；身心健全的 a normal child【参考词汇】normal /ordinary /regular 都含“正常的”、“正规的” 、“普通的”的意思。normal指“正常的”、“正
19、规的”、“常态的”, 如： the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温。ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”， 常指人或事物不特殊。 如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。an ordinary days work 日常工作。regular 指“有规律的”、“正规的”、“定期的”, 如： He kept regular hours. 他过着有规律的生活。common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”， 如：Colds are comm
20、on in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。common knowledge/sense 常识general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”， 如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的， 不是为专家写的。10.注意几个表否定的副词seldom adv. 不常，很少The children are seldom ill. 这些孩子很少生病。Opportunity seldom knocks twice.机不可失，时不再来。barely adv. 贫乏地；刚刚They had b
21、arely time to catch the plane. 他们差点没来得及赶上飞机。The committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy. 委员会刚开始讨论此事，他就感到头晕了。He had barely enough money to buy food. 他仅有刚够买食物的钱。hardly adv. 几乎不；简直不This is hardly the time to discuss such matters. 在现在讨论这事根本不合适。It was so dark that I could hardly s
22、ee. 天那么黑，我简直看不见了。I can hardly ask him directly for more money. 我绝不能直接向他多要钱。He hardly ever eats meat. 他从来不吃肉。 Peter is hardly ever late. 玛丽几乎从不迟到。【习惯用语】 hardly any 几乎没有 hardly ever 很少scarcely adv. 不足地，不充分地， 几乎没有There is scarcely enough food. 几乎没有足够的食物。There was scarcely anything mentioned about that
23、contract. 关于那份合同几乎什么也没提到。scarcely .when/before刚一。.就。. (=hardlywhen= no soonerthan.)narrowly adv. 仅仅；勉强； 恰好One car narrowly missed hitting the other one. 一辆车差点儿和另一辆相撞。The boy narrowly escaped being drowned. 那个男孩差一点被淹死。nearly adv. 几乎，差不多The jobs nearly finished. 这工作差不多完成了。 She nearly died. 她差点儿死了。Near
24、ly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time.几乎每个人都参加一年一度最佳花园赛,但乔每次都夺魁。I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. 我朝下一望看到一个警察时，差上点从梯子上掉下来rarely adv. 难得，很少She is old and rarely goes out. 她年纪大了，很少外出。He rarely comes here anymore. 现在他
25、难得来这儿。Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. 大本钟很少出差错。Peter is rarely / seldom late. 彼得不常迟到。;彼得很少迟到。11.accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 accurately adv. accurateness n.an accurate answer 准确的答案Is this watch accurate? 这只表准吗?【参考词汇】accurate /correct /exact 均含“正确的”意思。accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的”,指“通过努力， 使事情达到正确”, 指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实
26、无出入，强调准确性 如： She gave an accurate account of the accident. 她对事故做了准确的描述。correct 为一般用语， 指“正确的”, 指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误如： He gave correct answers to the questions. 他对这些问题提出了正确的答案。 correct vt. 改正；纠正 Please correct this mistake. 请改正这个错误。exact 表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符”, 语气较accurate强，指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标
27、准，而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差。如： His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正确。The exact date of the event has escaped me. 我记不起这起事件的确切日期了。proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义，还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。如：do sth. the proper way以适当的方式做某事Appropriate“正确的；适当的”，指适合于特殊的人及场合，地位等。强调自然具备适宜的性质。如： an appropriate example 适当的例子fit意为某人或某物在目的上用途上适合。如：Your clothes f
28、it well. 你的衣服很合身。The trousers dont fit him, they are too small. 这条裤子他穿不合身，太小了。This coats a beautiful fit to you. 这件外衣对你非常合身。He runs to keep fit. 他跑步为了保持健康。suitable意味着适合某种情况。如：This toy is not suitable for young children. 这个玩具不适合小小孩玩。This wine is not suitable to my taste. 这酒不合我的胃口。12.approve vt., vi.
29、Approvedapproving 批准；认可；通过 反意词disapproveapprove 属常用词， 表示“官方或正式批准”, 用于上级对下级， 长辈对晚辈， 如： My father approved my going to the border regions. 我父亲同意我去边区。My parents dont approve of me smoking cigarettes. 我的父母不准许我吸烟。The resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions. 决议以八十二票对十六票通过，十八票弃权。The mayoress a
30、pproved the new building plans. 女市长批准了新建筑计划。（常与of连用）赞成，赞同 I dont approve of wasting time. 我不赞成浪费时间。I dont approve of smoking. 我不赞成抽烟。Her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。13.process n. （大自然的）作用，活动 the process of breathing 呼吸作用步骤 the process of learning to read学习阅读的步骤 T
31、he firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place. 公司目前正在把主要设备迁到新地址去。过程 the process of digestionvt. 加工（食品等）;冲洗 One has to process a photographic film to print pictures from it. 必须先处理照相底片才能冲印出相片。计处理 ;小心准备；仔细检查The plans are now being processed. 计划现正在审查。14.intention n. 计划；目的I began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but I never did. 我开始读这本书时想读完它，可是我从来就没把它读完。He has no intention of marrying yet. 他还没有要结婚的打算。What is your intention? 你的意图究竟是什么?【习惯用语】by intention 故意have no intention of doing . 无意做。. the intention of a claus
