1、应用文实例分析作文-应用文部分根据考试大纲的要求，六级考生应能写不同类型的应用文，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。考生的作文必须很好地完成试题规定的任务。包括所有的要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误较少；有效地采用多种衔接的手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式与语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生预期的效果。（指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等）。在应用文写作中，要求考生根据所给情景写出一篇应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、便笺、备忘录、摘要、报告等。应用文都有一定格式，但了解格式只是应用文写作的最起码要求，这既需要具有
2、熟练运用语言文字的基本功，同时又需要有根据既定情景迅速构文的能力。因此，考生对这一部分应给予足够的重视，在复习过程中要针对应用文写作做足量的专项练习。在此，先将写信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。先将写书信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。一：信头（Heading）指发信人的单位名称、地址、发信日期。考试时候不要求写出。格式：从信纸的上部中央往右写，第一行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号码、街名，第三行写市名、省名、国名，第四行写发信日期。学生写信时第一行写班级名称，第二行写学校名称，第三行写市、省名，第五行写国家名称，第六行写发信日期。国内信件国名可以不写。二：信内地址(Inside Address
3、)指收信人的姓名、单位和地址。考试时候不要求写出。格式：信头下隔一二行，从左边开始写，第一行写姓名、头衔，第二行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号及路名，第四行写市名、省名及邮政号码，第五行写国名。商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和地址。亲友、熟人之间的信可不写信内地址，信头处写发信日期就行了。三：称呼(Salutation)格式：信内地址下隔一二行写称呼，其左要与信内地址第一行对齐。对不相识的男子，单数常用 “Sir”, “Dear Sir”, 或 “My Dear Sir”；复数常用 “Dear Sirs” 或“Gentlemen”。 对女子，单数常用 “Madam”，“Dear Madam”或“My
4、 Dear Madam”；复数常用“Mesdames”或 “My Dear Mesdames”；对比较熟识的男子，普通称 “Dear Mr. ”; 女性通常称“Dear Mrs. (或Miss)”。熟人和亲人常直呼其名，不用姓氏（以 “Dear”为例）：1)“Dear David”；2)“My dear David”；3)“My David” 4)“My dearest David”；5)“My Dearest”；6)“Darling David”；7)“My Darling”；8）“My very own darling”等。有头衔的可把头衔写放在名字前，如“Prof Wang”， “Dr
5、Lin”等。四：正文（Body of Letter）格式：称呼下面隔两行开始写正文。每段第一个字母要缩进3至5个字母的空格。正文是信的主要部分，内容要简单明了，一般不用同汉语信一样的“你好（how are you?）”之类的词。五：结束语（Complimentary Close）结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二三行处，从中间写起，第一个词不达意的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。给不相识的人可用：“Yours truly”或“Truly yours”“Yours faithfully”或“Faithfully yours”“Yours Sincerely”或“Sincerely your
6、s”给上级或长者可用：“Yours respectfully” 或 “Respectfully yours”“Yours obediently”或 “Obediently yours”“Yours”, “Yours ever”, “Ever yours”, “Yours as ever”或 “Yours sincerely”给亲属或挚友的信可用：“Yours affectionately”, “Lovingly Yours”, “Your loving son(child, sister)”, 或”Yours devoted friend”等。结束语末尾要用逗号。六：签名（Signature）
7、即写信人署名。一般情况下，把本人姓名签在结束语之下。考试时候统一写为“Li Ming”。书信题写作五点基本结构：开门见山说意图 - 首段咨询建议一二三 - 中间段不同内容可分段感谢客气不可少 - 尾段期盼回信成老套即：信函写作步骤：1. 礼貌的称呼语: Dear,2. 信件主体第一段：相关背景 + 写信的目的（开门见山说意图）相关句+主题句（有时两句可合二为一）3信件主体第二段：根据提纲扩展主体段落（咨询建议一二三，不同内容可分段） 主题句+扩展句1+扩展句2+扩展句34信件主体第三段：表明观点，结束书信主体（感谢客气不可少，期盼回信成老套） 结尾句5寒暄句+落款: Yours sincere
8、ly,（一）开 头 段：1、告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你）Dear Sir/Mr. Prometheus,I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department./ I am a at your / I am a at your college, enrolled in the course./ My name is , I am .2、问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）Dear Prometheus,Hello/Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / H
9、ow are things going with you?/ How are you getting on in?3、解释写信的原因 （1）致谢： I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate(回报) your favor when the opportunity arises. / I am greatly indebted to you for. / Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada. / I am writing to you to express
10、 my heartfelt gratitude. / I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for. / I would like to thank you most sincerely for. （2）抱怨： I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room. / I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at / I wish to make a complaint about. / I am writi
11、ng to draw your attention to. / I am afraid I have got a complaint about. （3） 致歉： / I am writing to you because I am unable to. / I am terribly sorry that. / I would like to express my apologies for not being able to. （4）咨询： I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain e
12、ssential information regarding the following aspects. / I would like to obtain/request/seek/inquire about some information about / I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor. / I would like some detailed information on/about（二） 结 尾 段：1、发出请求 （1） Please give this matter your immediate attention. （2）
13、I would very much appreciate it ifas soon as possible. （3）Please render me some valuable advice which is conducive to my final decision.2、提供帮助 （1）I hope these will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.（2）will be taking over responsibility for you and if you should need
14、 any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you.3、再次表示歉意或感激 （1）Thank you for your kind assistance. （2）Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always. （3）I am sorry that I cannot, and trust that you will understand. （4）In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I
15、 may have caused. （5）I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience. （6）Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.4、期盼回信 （1）I look forward to your prompt response. （2）Looking forward to a prompt reply. （3）I expect to hear from you very soon. （4）I hope to receive your reply sh
16、ortly. （5）I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.（6）RSVP. 请回信 repondez sil vous plait (Fr): please reply (written on invitations)常用句型：一、邀请信:1、Id like .to come to dinner非常希望.共进晚餐2、request the pleasure of恭请.3、The favor of a reply is requested敬赐复函4、May I have the honour of your c
17、ompany at dinner?敬备菲酌，恭请光临5、Thank you for inviting us to dinner谢谢您邀请我们共进晚餐6、I hope youre not too busy to come.我期望您会在百忙中光临7、The reception will be held in .,on .招待会定于.在.举行8、We sincerely hope you can attend我们期待您的光临9、We are looking forward to .我们期待着.10、We have decided to have a party in honor of the occ
18、asion为此我们决定举办一次晚会11、Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience是否参加，请早日告之二、感谢信:1、Thank you very much for .十分感谢.2、Many thanks for your .非常感谢您.3、Please accept my sincere appreciation for .请接受我对.真挚的感谢4、I am truly grateful to you for .为了.，我真心感激您5、It was good (thoughtful) of you .承蒙好意（
19、关心）.6、You were so kind to send .承蒙好意送来.7、Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.再次感谢您的盛情款待，并期待不久见到您8、I find an ordinary thank-you entirely inadequate to tell you how much.我觉得一般的感谢的字眼完全不足以表达我对您多么地.9、I sincerely appreciate .我衷心地感谢.10、I wish to expres
20、s my profound appreciation for .我对.深表谢意11、Many thanks for you generous cooperation咨询信：咨询信一般结构如下：开头：自我介绍，表明写作目的正文：提出咨询内容结尾：真诚的表示感谢你希望进入一所国外著名大学学习，请写一封咨询信，信的内容包括：1 咨询申请资格并简单介绍自己的情况；2 询问学习费用3 询问住宿情况Writing procedure:1. 写信目的 I would be grateful if you could supply/provide me with the following informati
21、on.I am anxious to obtain information aboutWould you be kind enough to send me some information about?Could you please supply me with some information about?I am writing to inquire about (the details of)2. 内容（三个问题）What qualifications do I need for the study at your university?How much are the tuitio
22、n fees?What is the situation as regards accommodation?3. 盼望回复 I look forward to your early reply.I would appreciate your early reply. Your early response will be appreciated.Example:Dear Sir or Madam, I am a Chinese student and wished to study at your prestigious (有声誉的，一流的) university. My plan is to
23、 start my courses next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information. (写信目的)First, what qualifications do I need for the study at your university? I already have a bachelors degree from Southwest University of Political Science and Law, bu
24、t I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. (问题一)Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to know if there are any scholarships available for international students. (问题二) Third, what is the situation as regards accommodatio
25、n? (问题三)I look forward to your reply and to attending your esteemed university soon. (盼望回复)假设你是合肥工业大学的一名学生，名叫魏芳，希望毕业后去美国普林斯顿大学继续深造，现在写一封信给对方，询问入学申请相关事宜。信件内容包括：1. 你的个人信息2. 你选择普林斯顿大学的原因3. 索取相关的申请表等特点：说明加应用An application letter for studying abroad(求学咨询信)Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing in the hope that I
26、 may obtain an opportunity to pursue my study in mathematicstoward master degree in your university.（表明写作意图）My name is Wei Fang, an undergraduate student of the Department of Science, Heifei University of Technology (China) （表明身份）. Next year in the summer, I will graduate and get my BS degree. (个人信息
27、，提纲1) I chose Princetone University because it is one of the most outstanding universities in the world, especially in the field of mathematics. Under the instructions of first-class professors and in an intense academic atmosphere, I can get access to a lot of profound knowledge and bring my potent
28、ial into full play. (原因，提纲2) I believe my solid academic background will meet your general entrance requirements for graduate study.I will appreciate it very much if you could send me the Graduate Application Forms, the Application Form for Scholarships, a detailed introduction to the School of Scie
29、nce, and other relevant information. （提纲3） I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely,常用句型：说明写作目的的常用句型：I would be grateful/appreciate it if you could supply/provide me with the following information.I am anxious to obtain/urgently in need of information aboutWould you be kind enou
30、gh/so kind as to send me some information about?Could you please supply/provide me with some information about?I am writing to inquire about (the details of)提出问题的常用句型：I would like to know/ask/inquire ifI need to know/wonder if I need to have more information aboutI would be interested to know if表示感谢的常用句型：I would (very much) appreciate it/be (most) grateful if you couldThank you (very mu
