1、同步北师大英语选修八新突破讲义Unit 23 Section Language Points Section Language Points () (Warmup & Lesson 1).单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1They had received no news of him since his departure (离开) from the island.2Prejudice(偏见) and old habits are forces that cant be ignored.3In modern war，civilians(平民) , as well as soldie
2、rs，are killed.4He smiled suddenly，exposing(露出) his white teeth.5We had a big snow here a fortnight(两周) ago.6He is so stubborn that he never compromises with anybody.7Under no circumstances should we betray our motherland.8The books in the library are classified by subject.9The department he rent yes
3、terday is well furnished10We believe the court can find justice for us.拓展词汇根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词1immigrate vt.移入；使移居入境immigration n移民入境2race n种族racial adj.种族之间的3furnish vt.提供；装备furnished adj.配有家具的furniture n家具4expose vt.使置身危险中exposure n暴露exposed adj.暴露的；无掩蔽的5depart vi.离开，离去departure n离开，离去6classify vt.把分
4、类classified adj.分类的；机密的classification n分类；类别；等级.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1hand over 把交给2out of control 失控3keep sb.up 使某人熬夜4get into trouble 遇上麻烦5blow out 吹灭，熄灭6turn to 求助于；转向7bid goodbye to 向告别8drive sb.mad 使某人发疯9be exposed to 处于可能受伤害的境地10go back to normal 恢复正常11get rid of 除掉，摆脱12in a flash 瞬间，即刻.选词填空用上述短语的适当形
5、式填空1Youd better blow out that candle before it sets fire to the tablecloth.2The bus went out of control and ran into a line of people.3The small craft was exposed to the danger of the open sea.4If you keep the rules, you are not likely to get into trouble5I cant get rid of this ink stain on my coat.
6、v.uren.out of n.复合短语pressure 压力，压failure 失败exposure 暴露，揭露out of breath 喘不过气来；上气不接下气；out of balance 失去平衡；out of date 过时的；废弃的；背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Had they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building.如果早知道他们的邻居是一位鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼了。省略if的虚拟条件句。Had he come here yesterday，he w
7、ould have seen Liu Xiang.他如果昨天来这儿，就会看见刘翔了。2.No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.他们刚一搬进去，噪音就开始了，他们几乎没有睡过一个好觉。no sooner.than.“一就”，引导时间状语从句。No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.我一到家，就开始下雨了。3.Wed be sitting there happily reading our
8、newspapers, when suddenly so much water would come from above that wed be as wet as if wed showered with our clothes on！我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！be doing.when.“正在做这时(突然)”，when为并列连词，引导并列分句。I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of my old friend.我正在街上徘徊，这时看见了我的一位老朋
9、友。 betray vt.出卖；背叛；泄露(教材P134)He is betrayed by a family member.他被一名家庭成员出卖了。写出下列句中betray的含义A leader shouldnt betray the peoples trust in him.辜负He promised never to betray his country.出卖Her accent betrays her a Londoner.暴露betray sb./sth. 出卖/背叛某人/某物betray oneself 露出本来面目，原形毕露betray.by. 因而泄露betray.to. 向泄
10、露；向出卖That man is likely to betray his friends to others.那家伙可能会(向他人)出卖朋友。She was terrified of saying something that would make her betray herself(her)她害怕说话时露了自己的底。He betrayed his intention by his behavior.他的行为泄露了他的意图。 hand over把交给；移交(权力，责任)(教材P134)Friction between the familyrun business and the milit
11、ary government first became serious when the owner wouldnt hand over his “secret recipe”当拥有者不肯将他的“秘方”转交时，这个家族企业和军政府之间的摩擦首次变得严重了。hand back 交回；归还hand on 传递hand down 传给(后代)hand in 上交，提交hand out 分发，散发When will Professor Smith hand back our examination papers?史密斯教授什么时候会把考卷发还我们？Please hand on the document
12、s to others.请把这份文件传递给他人。 turn to求助于；转向；翻到(书的某页)(教材P19)turn to the court for justice向法庭寻求正义turn away 不准进入，拒绝；打发走turn down 拧小；拒绝；调低turn in 上交，交还；获得turn out 生产；制造；证明是，结果是turn up 出现，到场turn over 翻转；移交All this may turn out to be impossible.这一切也许会被证明是不可能的。Ma Yun said he was turned down by Harvard 10 times
13、after applying.马云说他十次申请哈佛都被拒绝了。He didnt turn up until half an hour later.半小时后他才出现。 compromise n妥协；让步(教材P19)Government minister announces compromise on new TV violence laws.政府部长宣布向新的电视暴力法让步。(1)make/reach/come to/arrive at compromise 达成妥协，做出让步(2)compromise vi. 妥协，折中，让步compromise with sb. 向某人妥协compromi
14、se on sth. 就某事妥协In any relationship，you have to make a compromise.在任何关系中，你都得做出让步。After much argument，the judges finally compromised on (agreed to give the prize to)the 18yearold pianist.经过激烈争论，评委终于同意那个18岁的钢琴手获奖。They were unwilling to compromise with the military，so they continued to fight.他们不愿与军方妥协，
15、所以他们继续作战。 out of control 失控(教材P19)Army arrests “out of control”civilians.军队逮捕“失控的”平民。(1)lose control of 失去对的控制in control of 掌握/控制take control of 控制，管理under control 处于控制之下under/in the control of 受的管理/控制(2)out of work 失业out of date 过时out of sight 看不见out of balance 失去平衡out of touch 失去联系The dictionary i
16、s out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.这本词典过时了：自从它出版以后许多新词被添加到这种语言中。The family may lose control of the company.这个家族可能失去对公司的控制权。There has been some violence after the match，but the police are now in control of the situation.比赛后发生了一些暴力事件，但是现在警方已控制了局势。 expose v
17、t.显露；暴露；使置身于危险中(教材P20)Yang Mings neighbours say they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.杨明的邻居们说处于这样的噪音中他们快要被逼疯了。(1)expose sb.to sth. 使面临、使遭受(危险或不快)； 使接触、体验(2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的be exposed to 处于可能受伤害的境地(3)exposure n. 暴露At the presidential debate on Monday night, roughly 100m America
18、ns will be exposed to Mr Trumps magical thinking.在当地时间周一晚的总统竞选辩论中，大约1亿美国人将见识到特朗普的神奇思维。This problem is quite sensitive that might not be exposed(expose) to the medium.这是一个非常敏感的问题，恐怕不应该告诉媒体。图形助记图解expose含义 classify vt.把分类(教材P20)Yang Ming hates being called an alcoholic，but it is the fact that people ha
19、ve classified his music as “noise” that upsets him most.杨明讨厌被人叫做酒鬼，但是实际上最让他伤心的是人们把他的音乐归类为“噪音”。(1)classify.into. 把分为classify.as. 把界定为classify.by. 按照分类(2)classified adj. 分类(级)的(3)classification n. 分类，分级Patients are classified into three categories.病人被归为三种类型。In law，beer is classified as a food product.
20、在法律上，啤酒归在食品一类。Classified(classify) by size and color，the apples are put into boxes and shipped abroad.那些苹果按大小、颜色分类之后，装箱、船运海外。 (教材P20)Had they known their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldnt have moved into the building.要是早知道他们的邻居是一名鼓手，他们就不会搬进这座大楼。【要点提炼】本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，其正常语序为：If they had known thei
21、r neighbour was a drummer，they.building.在虚拟条件句中，若从句谓语部分含有were，had，should可将if省略，把were，had，should移到主语之前，形成部分倒装结构。虚拟语气在非真实条件从句中的用法：从句谓语主句谓语与过去事实相反的假设had过去分词would/should/could/mighthave过去分词与现在事实相反的假设动词的过去式(be 动词用were)would/should/could/might动词原形与将来事实相反的假设were to do/should do/动词的过去式would/should/could/mig
22、ht动词原形If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果他明天不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一。If I were(be) you，I would seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就抓住这次出国的机会。If you had taken(take) my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。 (教材P20)No sooner had they mo
23、ved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.他们刚一搬进去，噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个安稳觉。【要点提炼】本句是and连接的并列句。前一个分句采用了倒装语序，相当于they had no sooner moved in than the noise began；后一个分句与前一个分句相似，因否定副词rarely置于句首而采用了部分倒装语序，可转化为they rarely got a full nights sleep。其中no sooner.than.为“一就”的意思。英语中，表示“
24、一就”表达法很多，常用的有：(1)hardly/scarcely.when.(2)immediately/directly从句(3)the moment/the instant/the minute从句(4)each time/the first time/by the time从句(5)upon/on (doing) sth.He had hardly entered the classroom when the teacher began his lecture.他刚走进教室，老师就开始讲课了。He made for the door directly(direct) he heard t
25、he knock.一听到敲门声他就去开门了。On hearing(hear) the noise，he went out to see what was the matter.他一听见响声就出门看发生了什么事。 (教材P20)Wed be sitting there happily reading our newspapers，when suddenly so much water would come from above that wed be as wet as if wed showered with our clothes on!我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降
26、，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！【要点提炼】when在此句中用作并列连词，意为“这时”，相当于 and at that time。(1)sb.was doing sth.when. 某人正在做某事，这时(2)sb.was about to do sth.when. 某人正要做某事，这时(3)sb.was on the point of doing sth.when. 某人正要做某事，这时(4)sb.had just done sth.when. 某人刚做完某事，这时He was smiling when (suddenly) the door opened.他正在笑，这时门(突然)开了。
27、I was about to go out when Tom came in.我正要出去，这时汤姆进来了。I was on the point of sleeping(sleep) when the phone rang.我正要睡，这时电话响了。(教材P9)Smith lives above the McKays and it appears that not only is he a keen gardener，he is also a fish collector.【分析】这是一个由and连接的并列句。第二个并列分句又是一个主从复合句，在that引导的主语从句中包含一个not only.(
28、but) also.连接的并列句，且not only置于句首，其后的句子用部分倒装语序。【翻译】史密斯住在麦凯一家人的楼上，看起来他不仅热衷于园艺，还是个鱼类收藏家。语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句Seldom has drumming caused such conflict.Had they known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building.Neither could they relax nor read a book without plugging their ears.It
29、was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning.No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.后自主感悟1.句是否定词置于句首，引起的部分倒装。2.句是省略“if”将“had”提前，还原句为：If they had known.3.句是it用于强调结构中。一、倒装倒装是将语句中的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等颠倒顺序的一种语法现象，常常具有强调语气，在英语中比较常见，也是
30、高考中常考的一种语法。根据倒装的结构可以分为完全倒装和部分倒装。(一)完全倒装1there be句型属于完全倒装结构，该句型中be可换为appear，lie，live，stand，remain，exist等表示存在意义的动词。There is a bench under the big tree.那棵大树下有一个长凳。It is said that there lived a god called Lv Dongbin in ancient time.据说古代有一位神仙叫吕洞宾。2here，there等方位副词及now，then等时间副词位于句首，句子的谓语动词为come，go，leave，run等表示动作趋向或状态(be)的动词，且句子的主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。Now comes your turn.现在该你了。3in，out，away，up，down，off等表示趋向的副词位于句首，且句子的
