研究生英语.docx
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研究生英语.docx
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研究生英语
Unit3
Warm-up
electronicgame:
anyinteractivegameoperatedbysilicon-chipcomputercircuitrythatprovidesamemory.Thegamesfallintothreeclasses:
small,hand-held,battery-poweredgames;medium-sizedgamesdisplayedonaseparatetelevisionscreenorcomputerterminal;andlarge,self-containedgamesplayedinarcades.Thelasttwocategoriesareusuallycalledvideogames.Electronicgamesoriginatedlateinthe1960s.
hand-heldgame:
便携式游戏akindofelectronicgamewhichiscompactenoughtobeusedoroperatedwhilebeingheldinthehandorhands.Itfirstappearedintheearly1970s.
pinballgame:
弹球游戏theearliestofthecoin-activatedpopularelectromechanicalgames,usuallyfoundincandystores,poolhalls,drinkingestablishments,andamusementarcades.Pinballoriginatedinitsmodernforminabout1930.
coin-operatedgame:
投币游戏agamethatisplayedbyinsertingcoinsintotheslotofthemachine.Itwasfirstreleasedinthemid-1970sanddisplacedtheearlierpinballgamesinpopularitybythe1980s.Thegamewasplayed,aspinballgameshadbeen,indrinkingestablishments,transportationcenters,andamusementarcades.
blackjack:
二十一点(扑克牌游戏)acardgametheobjectofwhichistobedealtcardshavingahighercountthanthoseofthedealeruptobutnotexceeding21--calledalsotwenty-one
BackgroundInformation
StephenBarr:
acolumnistfortheWashingtonPostwhowritestheFederalDiarycolumnforthePost.HeworkedasareporterandeditoratthePostsince1979.
Goldeneye007:
Oneoftheseriesof007(JamesBond)moviesandvideogames.
Kan.:
Kansas堪萨斯州(美)
MortalKombatIV:
agamedevelopedbyEurocomandreleasedinJuly1998.(中译《龙争虎斗》)
DukeNukem3D:
agamedevelopedbyLobotomyandreleasedin June1996.(中译《毁灭公爵3D》)
GrandTheftAuto:
agamedevelopedbyTarantulaStudiosandreleasedinNovember1997.(中译《汽车大盗》)
CarmageddonII:
agamedevelopedbyStainlessSoftwareandreleasedinNovember1998.(中译《恶车杀手》)
Postal:
agamedevelopedbyRunningWithScissorsandreleasedinOctober1997.(中译《邮差》)
go-godance:
relatingtodanceordiscomusic
CEO:
ChiefExecutiveOfficer
Sen.:
Senator
D.,Conn.:
DemocratinConnecticut
KBToy:
aprivatelyheldcompanywhichisbasedinMassachusettsoftheUSA.Itissaidtobethenation'slargestcombinedmall-basedandonlinespecialtytoyretailer.
Introduction
Electronicgamesinvariousformshavebecomeoneofthemostpopularentertainmentinrecentyears.ThisarticleextractedfromtheWashingtonPostreportsonandanalysesthestatusquoofthegamesindustryanditsinfluenceonyoungerplayers,especiallyteenagers.
Thearticlebeginswiththesceneinasittingroomwhichistypicalofmanyfamiliesnowadays.Theviolentgamesplayedbychildrencausegreatconcernfromparents.Thentheauthorquotesfromvarioussources(suchas,gamedevelopers,parents,watchdoggroups,governmentagenciesandotherorganizationsconcerned)abouttheconsequencesofgameswithviolentandsexualthemeonchildren’spsychologyandbehavior.Ontheonehand,gamedevelopers,equippedwithnewandadvancedtechnology,coulddesigntrue-to-lifegameswhichenjoypromisingmarket(Para.7,9).Ontheotherhand,suchreal-to-lifegamesreachtheextremeofviolencewhichwouldimpactyoungerplayersinpotentiallyharmfulways(Para.6,8,24,25).Notonlyparents,butalsopartofthegamedevelopersandgovernmentagencieshavenoticedsuchatrendandtakenmeasurestolimitchildren’saccesstoviolentandsexualgames,including,amongothers,practicingtheratingsystem(Para.14)anddevelopinggamereportingcards(Para.16).However,despitethesupervision,childrencouldstillhaveaccesstogamesofrestrictedratinginaneasyway(Para.18,19,20),whichremainstobeaproblemtobesolved.
Asapieceofnewspaperwriting,thisarticlecontainsmanydirectandindirectquotesfromvarioussources.Suchawayofwritingistypicalofthemediagenre.Itindicatestheobjectivenessinreportingthepublic’sopinions.Nevertheless,thewordingsdescribingviolentgamesplayedbychildrenbothdenoteandconnotethecruelty,cold-bloodinessandsavagenessofkilling(Para.5,11,12).Suchdetailedanddepictivewordingsarenotuptotheconventionalpracticeofnewsreportingwriting,buttheyareevaluativeandrevealtheauthor’spositionwithregardtotheviolentgames.Italsorevealsthetoneofthiswriting:
objectiveandconcerned.
LanguagePoints
1. Standingbehindtheboys,Wisesawthatthevideo,ratedT(Teen)forages13andolder,depictedtheshooter’spointofview,withhislargegunjuttingintothebottomoftheTVframe.(para.2)
Whilestandingbehindthetwoboys,Wisesawthatitwasagameratedassuitableforteenagers.Onthescreen,thescenewasfromashooter’spointofviewandtheshooter’slargegunwasconnectedwiththeTVsetthroughawire.
2.point-blank(para.2):
(orpointblank)directly,rudelywithoutexplanation
e.g.——Sheaskedpointblankifhehadtakenanydrugs.
——apointblankrefusaltodiscussthequestions/toshootatpointblankrange
3.maniacal(para.2):
crazyaboutorviolentlydangerous
e.g.——maniacalkiller,maniacalcollector
4.taunt(para.2):
speakoffensivelytosomeoneinordertoupsetorannoytheperson奚落
e.g.——Thestreetmarcherstauntedthepolice.
——Theboywasdeeplyhurtafterbeingtauntedbysomeclassmates.
5.mayhem:
seriouscrime/asituationwithnoorderandoutofcontrol
e.g.——Thekidsbegantocreatemayheminthegarden.
——TheterrorismattackontheUSAcreatedanincrediblemayheminManhattan.
6.pervasive(para.5):
havingthequalityortendencytopervade;presentorfeltthroughaplace
orthing
e.g.——TheinfluenceofFreudispervasiveinherwork.
——thepervasiveideaofindividualism
7.…kidsareactingoutrealisticviolentexperiencesontheirTVandcomputerscreens(para.5)
…kidsaretryingtoplaytheroleofviolentactionswhileplayinggamesonTVandcomputers.
actout:
playorperform(apart),espinactionorbehavior
e.g.——Let’sactoutthestoryofthethreebearsoncemore.
——Thechildrenactuallyactedoutwhattheysawinthathorrormovie.
8.sever(para.5):
breakorseparate,espbycutting
e.g.——Herfootwasseveredfromherleginacaraccident.
——Electricitycableshavebeenseveredbythestorm.
——Thecompanyhassevereditsconnectionwithitspreviouspartners.
9.Interactivevideogamesintroducekidstoafantasyworldthatfeaturesamazinglylifelikecharacters,detailedimagesofbrutality,andanaudiomixofheart-poundingmusic,macabresoundeffectsandauthenticvoices.(para.7)
Interactivevideogamesbringkidsintoafantasticvisualworldofentertainments.Inthatworld,thecharactersarealmostastrueasthoseinreallife.Theimagesofthegamesarefullofbrutaldetails,themusicissoloudthatitmakesone’sheartpoundatanabnormalspeed,andthesoundtracksofgamesarecreepyandthrilling.
feature:
giveaprominentparttosborsth;haveanimportantorprominentpartin
e.g.——Thisfilmfeaturestwoofmyfavoriteactors.
——Thisisnotthefirsttimethathehasfeaturedintheviolentincident.
——Thisweek’sbroadcastfeaturesareportonvictimsofdomesticviolence.
macabre:
causingshock,disgustandfearbecauseconnectedwithdeath,espstrangeand
crueldeath
e.g.——macabrestories/films/TVseries
——Eventhepolicewerehorrifiedatthemacabrenatureofthekillings.
10.Sensation(para.7):
physicalorgeneralfeeling;somethingcausingexcitementorinterest
e.g.——Thefoodproducesahotsensationinthemouth.
——Itwasastrangesensationtoreturntoschoolagainaftersomanyyears.
——Thefilmwasanovernightsensation.
——Thediscoverywashailedasthescientificsensationofthecentury.
11.engaging(para.8):
pleasant,attractiveandcharming
e.g.——anengagingsmile/manner
——engagingpersonality
12.“Wearemovingveryclosetoarealcinematicexperience,pushingtheboundariesofwhataTVsetorcomputermonitorcandeliver,”(para.9)
Theimageandsoundeffectsofourgamesareveryclosetothatoftherealfilms,and,uptonow,sucheffectsareofthehigheststandardforaTVorcomputerscreentodisplay.
13.theuptickinbloodandgore(para.10):
theincreaseofviolentscenesingames
gore:
(mainlyindescriptionsoffighting)thickenedbloodfromacutorwound
e.g.——Afterthecarcrash,wesawthedriverlaydyinginapoolofblackgore.
——afilmwithtoomuchgore
14.release(para.10):
anewrecord/video/film/bookthathasjustbecomeavailableforbuying
e.g.——Herlatestreleaseisasongabouthopelesslove.
——thissummerholiday’srelease
15.felony(para.10):
seriouscrimesuchasmurderorarmedrobbery
e.g.——Airplanehijackingisconsideredasfelonyinmanycountries.
——Hewasconvictedoffelony.
16.spoof(para.10):
humorousimitation;anamusingandridiculouspieceofwriting,music,
theater,etcthatcopiesthestyleofanoriginalwork
e.g.——TheydidaspoofontheNineO’clockNews.
——Theshowturnedouttobeaspoofbecausethehostplannedtoplayajokeonthe
audienceonAprilFool’sDay.
17.InthatgamekidscontrolacharacterknownamongplayersasThePostalDudewho“goespostal”whenthebankforeclosesonhishouse.(para.11)
InthatgamekidsplayarolenamedasthePostalDude.Thischaracterbecomeswildlyangrywhenthebankdepriveshisrighttoredeemhismortgagedhouse.
gopostal:
becomeangry
e.g.——Jimwentpostalwhenheheardthathisgirlfriendhadacrushonthenewcomer.
foreclose:
(espofbanks)takebackpropertythatwasboughtwithborro
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