高中英语语法专题3定语从句学生版.docx
- 文档编号:10073241
- 上传时间:2023-05-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:314.84KB
高中英语语法专题3定语从句学生版.docx
《高中英语语法专题3定语从句学生版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语语法专题3定语从句学生版.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
高中英语语法专题3定语从句学生版
辅导学案(Student)
学员编号:
年级:
高一课时数:
3
学员姓名:
沈浪辅导科目:
英语学科教师:
TonyChen
授课内容
定语从句
授课日期及时段
(一)定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
高考考点归纳:
(重点总结)
考点一:
只能用that的情况
考点二:
只能用which的情况
考点三:
用who的情况
考点五:
介词+关代
考点六:
as的用法
考点七:
where的用法
(2)关系代词引导的定语从句
●that:
可指人或物;
所作的成分:
在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which
(不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)
如:
1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)指物
2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)指物
3.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)指人
●which:
指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
如:
1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)
2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)
5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)
●who,whom,whose:
who:
主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人
whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人
whose:
属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物
Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)
Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)
He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.
=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.
Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)
I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)
=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.
=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.
ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome.
●as的用法:
(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;asmany/muchas;so…as等结构中。
如:
※Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。
比较:
Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)
Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)
②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。
(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)
Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)
=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作主语)
=It'sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)
=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.
Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaccent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)
(三).关系副词引导的定语从句:
●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
其先行词是表时间的名词(如:
time,day,week,tear,month,etc.)
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。
✧注意:
先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
(1)Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)
(2)Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)
练习
(1)Nextwinter__________you'llspendinHarbin,I'msure,willbeexciting.
(2)Ishallneverforgettheday________ShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.
●Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:
place,school,factory,room,etc.
ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.
Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
✧注意:
先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
※Thisisthefactory_____________heworkedlastyear
Thisisthepark_____________theyvisitedlastyear.
●Why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
先行词为reason时,可用forwhich指代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
如:
Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.
Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)
Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?
(作主语)
(四).关系代词与关系副词的选择
A. I know a place ________we can have a picnic.
I know a place__________ is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
B. I will never forget the days ________ we spent our holidays together.
I will never forget the days _________we spent together.
C. This is the reason__________he was dismissed.
This is the reason __________he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.
(五)限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,
②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
⑤先行词既有人又有物,这时宜用that.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。
⑨主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.
例句:
①Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.
②Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait
比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.
*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.
③WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.
④Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.
⑤Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown
⑥YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.
⑦Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
⑧1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?
2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?
⑨Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
⑩Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe
(六)定语从句中只能用which的情况
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.
2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.
2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.
1.Letmeshowyouthenovel,thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.
2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.
What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.
(七)用who的情况
1.先行词是指人的不定代词或人称代词:
如anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,heetc.
Anyonewhoservesclassmatesisworthpraising.
Idislikethosewhotalkbig.
2.Therebe结构中,主语指人,定语从句用who:
Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.
(八)介词+关代
1.Doyouknowtheboytowhomyourmotheristalking?
2.HegavemesomenovelswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
3.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstgottoParis.
注意:
1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面.如:
look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)
This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who, that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用whose。
判断正误下列句子的正误:
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. ()
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. ()
The man that / who you talkedwith just now is my neighbour. ()
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ()
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ()
(九)theway用做先行词
填上合适的关系词并分析原因:
1.Theway_that/inwhich/不填_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.(做状语)
2.Thewaythat/which/不填heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(做宾语)
where的用法
1.I'vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.
2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.
归纳:
如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。
(十)关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat。
As一般放在句首,which在句中。
as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
①位置的不同:
which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置较灵活,也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。
如:
1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.
或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.
②先行词的不同:
as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;
which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子。
as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(先行词是一个词)
Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.
Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.(先行词是一个句子)
Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.
Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.
③as一般译为"正如""就像","这一点"
asweallknow;asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.
练习题
EX1用适当的关系词填空.
1.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.
Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.
2.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.
Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.
Ex2选择适当的代词填空,注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比较。
1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.
2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.
3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.
4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.
5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.
EX3思考:
用五种方式(定语从句)翻译句子
这是他工作的工厂。
1.Thisisthefactory_________heworks.
2.Thisisthefactory________heworks.
3.Thisisthefactory__________heworksin.
4.Thisisthefactory___________heworksin.
5.Thisisthefactory__________heworksin.
【三年经典】近三年上海高考英语定语从句单句精选
1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.
2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.
3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.
4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygo
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高中英语 语法 专题 定语 从句 学生