新世纪大学英语综合教程4完形填空答案及原文.docx
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新世纪大学英语综合教程4完形填空答案及原文.docx
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新世纪大学英语综合教程4完形填空答案及原文
1Manhasabloodtiewithnatureandnobodycanliveoutsidenature.Natureprovides
uswithweneed:
theairwebreathe,thewaterwedrink,andthefoodweeat.
Forquitealongtimeaftermanbegantoliveintherealmofnature,helivedinfear
ofitsdestructiveforces.heusedtoregardnaturewithitselementalforcesassomething
hostiletohim.Andeventheforestwassomethingwildandfrighteningtohim.very
often,hewasunabletoobtainthemerestdailynecessitiesthoughheworkedtogetherwith
othersstubbornlyandcollectivelywithhisimperfecttools,throughhisinteractionwith
nature,manchangeditgradually.hecutdownforest,cultivatedland,transferredvarious
speciesofplantsandanimalstodifferentclimaticconditions,changedtheshapeandclimate
ofhisenvironmentandtransformedpantsandanimals.hesubduedanddisciplinedelectricity
andcompelledittoservetheinterestsofsociety.
Nonetheless,withtheconstaexpansionofagricultureandindustry,manhasrobbed
natureoftoomuchofitsirreplaceablresources,polutedhisownlivingenvironmentand
causedabout95%ofthespeciesthathaveexistedoverthepast600millionyearstobecome
extinctandstillmanyotherstobeendangered.thepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenman
andnatureisonthevergeofbreakingdown.manisnowfacedwiththeproblemofhow
tostop,oratleasttomoderatethedestructiveeffectoftechnologyonnature.
Thecrisisoftheecologicalsituationhasbecomeaglobalproblem.thesolutionto
theproblemdependsonrationalandwiseorganizationbothofproductionitselfandcare
formothernature.thiscanonlybedonebyallhumanity,ratherthanbyindividuals,
enterprisesorseparatecountries.
2Technologyisahotissuenowadays.thedefendersoftechnologystressitsadvantages
whiletheopponentsemphasizeitsdisadvantages.Neithersidehasevertakenthetimeto
lookattheoppositepointofview.
Thedefendersoftechnologyholdthatwithtechnologypeopleslivingconditionshave
beengreatlyimproved.Forexampletheboominproductivityhasmadegoodsbetterandcheaper.
Therefore,tingsthatwereonceluxuries,suchasjettravelandlong-distancephonecalls
havebecomenecessities.Medicaltechnologyinparticularhasbenefitedusalot,especially
inprolonginglifeexpectancy.
Ontheotherhand,theopponentsoftechnologyarguethattechnologymakeslifeobviously
worse.Telemarketingtrafficjamsandidentitytheftareallphenomenathatmakepeople
consciouslyunhappy.Inadditionmanypeoplebelievetechnologydisruptsrelationshipsand
fracturescommunity.
EversincetheIndustrialRevolutiontherelationshipbetweenhappinessandtechnology
hasbeenaneternalsubjectforsocialcriticsandphilosophers,thougheconomistsandsocial
scientistshaveseldomtouchedonthetopic.Howeverin1974theeconomistRichardEasterlin
didgroundbreakingworkontherelationshipbetweenprosperityandwell-being.Inhisfamous
paperentitledDoesEconomicGrowthImprovetheHumanLotEasterlinshowedthattherewas
norealcorrelationbetweenanationsincomelevelanditscitizenshappinessinthedeveloped
countries.
Infacttechnologyisneithergoodnorbad.Itdependsonwhatwewanttodowithit.
Thereforetheresponsibilitybelongsexclusivelytohumanswhohavetoacquireasocial
consciencetorespecthumanbeingsnatureanditsbalances.
for
questspersonalourineffortinitialanmakewewhen,Russellcraigto3According
knowledge,wemaynotevenknowthatacertainfildoflearningexists.but,afterwe
havedonesomereading,wewillgettoknowmoreaboutthetopic.atthesametime,we
mayfeelthatallthereadingcreatesmorequestionsratherthananswersthem.wethen
realizehowlittlewereallyknowandhowmuchmoreweneedtoreadandthinkandwrite.
Russellsuggeststhatwewriteafterreadingeachtime.hisexperiencetellshimthatit
ishiswritingthathasledhimtoacquireabettergraspofthetopichestudies.people
maythinkthatonlythosewhoknowandwhoare(sure)ofthemselveswrite.forRussell,
however,it'sjusttheopposite,forwritingdoesn'tclosethingsoff----itopensthings
up.
Tosaythatthemoreweknow,themoreweknowwedon'tknowseems
contradictory.accordingtoRussell,modernphysicstellsusthatrealityitselfis
contradictory.themorecloselyscientistslookintoourphysicalreality,themoreit
slipsawayfrom.inaway,themoretheylearn,thelesstheyknow.
CraigRussellbelievesthataproperunderstandingwillinevitablyleadusawayfromthe
forceandrigidityofdogmatismandtowardtheflexibilityandfreedomoftheindividual.
Therefore,wemusttemperourprideinknowingwiththehumilityofnotknowing.thetruth
alwaysexiststhere,but,itisliketherainbowbecausewecanneverreallygraspit,
neverholditinourhandsandtrulyknowit.wecanonly,asWilliamjamessaid,“live
todaybywhattruthwecangettodayandbereadytocallitfalsehoodtomorrow.”
4Mostpeoplehaveworktodo.Withwork,theycanenjoytheirlives.Howeverpeoplewho
didphysicallaborwerelookeddownuponinthepast.Manypeoplewerecompelledtotake
manuallaborbecauseitwasanabsolutenecessityforthemtoearnalivingandtosupport
theirfamilies.Bycontrast,peoplewhodidmentalworkwerehighlyrespected.Underthe
influenceofthisidea,eventodaysomepeoplestillidealizetheirfuturewhenmakingchoices
fortheircareer.Whattheycaremostaboutiswhetherthejobcangivethemenoughsocial
statusratherthanwhethertheycanrealizetheirvaluesinit.Intheireyes,thosewho
domanuallaborshouldstillbeclassifiedasinferiorinsocialstatus.
Infact,thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenthosewhoworkwiththeirhandsand
thosewhoworkwiththeirmind.Whetherajobislabororworkdoesnotdependonthejob
itselfbutonpeople‘sattitudetowardit.Aslongasyoulikeyourjob,youwillthink
youarefortunateenoughtotakeitandyouwilldoitenthusiastically.
5Whatdosesuccessmeantoyou?
doesitmeanwealth,fame,power,orsomethingelse?
differentpeoplehavedifferentinlifesotheyunderstandsuccessindifferentways.some
peoplechasemoneytheirwholelives.tothem,moremoneymeansmoresuccess.somepeople
runafterfame.Withfameandreputation,theycangaintheadmirationandloveofmany
others.However,somepeoplededicatethemselvestothewell-beingofsociety.
Doubtlessly,moneyissomethingthatcanbeusedasarewardtothosewhohavedonevaluable
work.Thosewhoperformtheirworkexcellentlyshouldbepaidsufficiently.Butsuccess
cannotbemeasuredinmonetaryterms,norintermsoftheamountofpoweronemayexercise
overothers.Afterall,moneyandpowercanassurepeopleneitherofhappinessnorofrespect
fromothers.
Fame,too,isaflawedmeasureofsuccess.Momentaryfamecanbringgreatjoytothose
whohaveitforatime.buttheyareverylikelytobecometheslavesoftheircelebrity
becauseofthepublic'sdemands.inaddition,theywilleasilybecomethetargetofeveryone
ifoneisunabletofully
frankwhodisagreeswiththemandofthemediaaswell.tobe
enjoylifeandliberty,theshort-livedsuccessisnothingbutillusory
Therefore,toachievetherightkindofsuccessisvitallyimportant.aslongasonecan
combineshisownmaterialneedsandspiritualsatisfactionwiththoseofthewell-beings
ofsociety,heshouldbeheldinhighregard.
6.Truthisafactacceptastrue,forwhichproofexists.Truthisagreat
principle,withoutwhichbeautymayfadeandlovemaywither.Thosewhouphold
truthhaveastrongsenseofresponsibility.Thosewhoholdfirmlytotruth
arefaithfultotheirdutyandthepeopletheyserve.theycommitthemselves
tothewell-beingofothers.Withaspirationstomakeacontributiontosociety,
theyarereadytocorrecttheirownmistakes,Ifany.itcanbesaidthat
theyaremenofmoralintegritywhoneveraskforgratitudeinreturn.
Truthdawnsuponusslowlybutsurely.inthelongquestfortruth,people
have(accumulated)preciousknowledgeandexperience.However,truthalsoneeds
nourishmentjustasplantsneedwater,becausemanypeoplearetoopreoccupied
withpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothegreatbeautyof
truthwhenitflowersortheyfrequentlyfailtoappreciatetruthwhenitis
tendered.
Inshort,truthisaninvaluableassettothewholeofhumanity.Stickto
thetruthandwewillweaveatimelesspattern,andearntherespectandesteem
ofothers,elevatetheworldtodayaboveitspresentimperfectionsandplace
ourselvesintheproudpositionofpromotingthegoodofthehumanity.
7.weoftenhearpeoplesay,timeismoney.ButtodaymanyAmericanshavecome
torealizethatthecrazypursuitofmoneyisleavingsthemtoolittletime
oflifeand
luxuriestoenjoylife.theyaretiredofworkingjustforthe
beginningtochangetheirfast-pacedlifestylesforasimpleandfrugal
one,hopingtokeepfamily,friends,workandplayallofapiece.
Forsomepeople,creatingamorebalancedlifeinvolveschangingjobso
locations.Forothers,itmeanstradingtwoincomesforone,inwhichcasethey
mustcurtailexpenses.Sosomehavesoldouttheirsplendidhomesickandmoved
intosmallerhouses.Theyhavegivenuptheextracars,unnecessarymodern
conveniences,andexpensivehobbies.Theynowdothingsbythemselvestoavoid
payingfortheservicesofothers.Theyresistthetemptation
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