James Joyce Araby主题情节人物及背景分析.docx
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James Joyce Araby主题情节人物及背景分析.docx
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JamesJoyceAraby主题情节人物及背景分析
"Araby"
BackgroundsIntroduction
Ireland'smajorreligion,RomanCatholicism,dominatedIrishculture,asitcontinuestodotodayalthoughtoalesserextent.ManyfamiliessenttheirchildrentoschoolsrunbyJesuitpriests(liketheonethenarratorinattends)andconventschoolsrunbynuns(liketheoneMangan'ssisterattends).CatholicismisoftenseenasasourceofthefrequentconflictinIrishculturebetweensensualityandasceticism,aconflictthatfiguresprominentlyinJoyce'sautobiographicalnovelAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan.Inmanyways,Catholicism,particularlyaspracticedattheturnofthecentury,wasanextremelysensuousreligion,emphasizingintensepersonalspiritualexperienceandsurroundingitselfwithsuchrichtrappingsasbeautifulchurches,elegantpaintingsandstatues,otherworldlymusic,andsumptuousvestmentsandaltardecorations.Ontheotherhand,theChurch'sofficialattitudetowardenjoymentofthesensesandparticularlytowardsexualitywassevereandrestrictive.TheidealwomanwastheVirginMary,whomiraculouslycombinedvirginalpuritywithmaternity.Motherhoodwasexalted,butanyenjoymentofsexuality,eveninmarriage,wasconsideredasin,aswerethepracticeofbirthcontrolandabortion.Theinabilitytoreconcilethespiritualandsensualaspectsofhumannaturecanbeseenintheboy'sfeelingstowardMangan'ssisterinHeimagineshisfeelingsforherasa"chalice"--asacredreligiousobject--andsoworshipfulishisattitudethathehesitateseventospeaktoher.Yethismemoriesofherfocusalmostexclusivelyonherbody--herfiguresilhouettedbythelight,the"softropeofherhair,""thewhitecurveofherneck,"theborderofherpetticoat.Eventheimageofthechaliceisambivalent,sinceitscup-likeshapeandfunctionsuggestsasexualconnotation.Theboyneverresolvesthisconflictbetweenspiritualityandsensuality.Instead,whenconfrontedwiththetawdrinessofashopgirl'sflirtationatthebazaar,heabruptlydismissesallhisfeelingsasmere"vanity."
Introductionofthestoryandtheauthor
"Araby"isoneoffifteenshortstoriesthattogethermakeupJamesJoyce'scollection,Dubliners.AlthoughJoycewrotethestoriesbetween1904and1906,theywerenotpublisheduntil1914.DublinerspaintsaportraitoflifeinDublin,Ireland,attheturnofthe20thcentury.Itsstoriesarearrangedinanorderreflectingthedevelopmentofachildintoagrownman.Thefirstthreestoriesaretoldfromthepointofviewofayoungboy,thenextthreefromthepointofviewofanadolescent,andsoon."Araby"isthelaststoryofthefirstset,andistoldfromtheperspectiveofaboyjustonthevergeofadolescence.ThestorytakesitstitlefromarealfestivalwhichcametoDublinin1894whenJoycewastwelveyearsold.
JoyceisoneofthemostfamouswritersoftheModernistperiodofliterature,whichrunsroughlyfrom1900totheendofWorldWarII.Modernistworksoftenincludecharacterswhoarespirituallylostandthemesthatreflectacynicismtowardinstitutionsthewriterhadbeentaughttorespect,suchasgovernmentandreligion.Muchoftheliteratureofthisperiodisexperimental;Joyce'swritingreflectsthisintheuseofdashesinsteadofquotationmarkstoindicatethatacharacterisspeaking.
JoycehadaverydifficulttimegettingDublinerspublished.Ittookhimovertenyearstofindapublisherwhowaswillingtoriskpublishingthestoriesbecauseoftheirunconventionalstyleandthemes.Oncehefoundapublisher,hefoughtveryhardwiththeeditorstokeepthestoriesthewayhehadwrittenthem.Yearslater,thesestoriesareheraldednotonlyfortheirportrayaloflifeinDublinattheturnofthecentury,butalsoasthebeginningofthecareerofoneofthemostbrilliantEnglish-languagewritersofthetwentiethcentury.
Plot
"Araby"opensonNorthRichmondstreetinDublin,where"anuninhabitedhouseoftwostoreysstoodattheblindend,detachedfromitsneighboursinasquareground."Thenarrator,whoremainsunnamedthroughoutthestory,liveswithhisauntanduncle.Hedescribeshisblock,thendiscussestheformertenantwholivedinhishouse:
apriestwhorecentlydiedinthebackroom.Thispriesthasalibrarythatattractstheyoungnarrator,andheisparticularlyinterestedinthreetitles:
aSirWalterScottromance,areligioustract,andapoliceagent'smemoirs.
Thenarratortalksaboutbeingapartofthegroupofboyswhoplayinthestreet.HethenintroducesMangan'ssister,agirlwhocaptivateshisimaginationeventhoughherarely,ifever,speakswithher.Hedoesstareatherfromhiswindowandfollowheronthestreet,however,oftenthinkingofher"eveninplacesthemosthostiletoromance."WhileinthemarketplaceonSaturdaynights,forexample,heusesherimagetoguidehimthroughthethrongingcrowdwhoyelltheirsalespitchesandsingpatrioticIrishballads.Hebecomesmisty-eyedjustatthethoughtofherandretreatstothepriest'sdarkroominordertodeprivehimselfofothersensesandthinkonlyofher.
Finally,Mangan'ssisterspeakstohim.Sheasksifhewillbeattendingachurch-sponsoredfairthatiscomingsoontoDublin--abazaarcalled"Araby."Heistongue-tiedandcannotanswer,butwhenshetellshimthatshecannotgobecauseofaretreatthatweekinherconvent,hepromisestogoandbringheragiftfromthebazaar.Fromthenonhecanonlythinkofthetimewhenhewillbeatthefair;heishauntedby"thesyllablesofthewordAraby."Onthenightheissupposedtoattendthefair,hisuncleislatereturninghomeandhemustwaittogetmoneyfromhim.Hegetsveryanxious,andhisaunttellshimthathemayhavetomissthebazaar,buthisuncledoescomehome,apologeticthathehadforgotten.Afteraskingtheboyifheknowsapoementitled"TheArab'sFarewelltoHisSteed,"theunclebidstheboyfarewell.
Theboytakesacoinfromhisuncleandcatchesatraintothefair.Arabyisclosingdownashearrivesandhetimidlywalksthroughthecenterofthebazaar.Ashelooksatthefewstallsthatarestillopen,heoverhearsaconversationbetweenanEnglishshop-girlandtwoyoungmen.Theirtalkisnothingbutidlegossip.Theshop-girlpausesreluctantlytoasktheboyifhewishestobuyanything,buthedeclines.Ashewalksslowlyoutofthehallamidthedarkeningofthelights,hethinksthatheisa"creaturedrivenandderidedbyvanity"andhis"eyesburnedwithanguishandanger."
Characters
Narrator:
Thenarratorofthisstoryisayoung,sensitiveboywhoconfusesaromanticcrushandreligiousenthusiasm.Alloftheconflictinthisstoryhappensinsidehismind.Itisunlikelythattheobjectofhiscrush,Mangan'ssister,isawareofhisfeelingsforher,norisanybodyelseinthisboy'ssmallworld.Becausetheboy'sthoughtsonlyrevealapartofthestory,acarefulreadermustputtogethercluesthattheauthorgives.Forexample,thenarratormentionsthattheformertenantofthehouseheshareswithhisauntandunclewasapriest,arepresentativeoftheCatholicchurch,wholeftbehindthreebookswhichbecameimportanttothenarrator.OneisaromanticadventurebySirWalterScott;oneisareligiouspamphletwrittenbyaProtestant;andthethirdistheexcitingmemoirsofaFrenchpolicemanandmasterofdisguise.ThesethreebooksarenotwhatapersonwouldexpectaCatholicpriesttohaveinhislibrary.Soifthispriesthasnon-religiousliteratureinhislibrary,thenhowdevoutcananaveragechurch-goerbeexpectedtobe?
Thisturnsouttobethecaseforthenarrator,whoconfusesreligiousidealismwithromance.
Theboyconfusesthereligiousandsecularworldswhenhedescribeshimselfatthemarketwithhisaunt.Hebearsthechalice--theCommunioncup--througha"throngoffoes."HealsodescribesMangan'ssisterintermsoftenassociatedwiththeVirginMary.Forthenarrator,then,anordinarygrocery-shoppingtripbecomesareligiouscrusade,andaprettygirldownthestreetbecomesasubstitutefortheMotherofGod.TheboyfusestogetherreligiousdevotionfortheVirginMarywithhisownromanticlonging.
Joyceisfamousforcreatingcharacterswhoundergoanepiphany--asuddenmomentofinsight--andthenarratorof"Araby"isoneofhisbestexamples.Attheendofthestory,theboyoverhearsatriteconversationbetweenanEnglishgirlworkingatthebazaarandtwoyoungmen,andhesuddenlyrealizesthathehasbeenconfusingthings.Itdawnsonhimthatthebazaar,whichhethoughtwouldbesoexoticandexciting,isreallyonlyacommercializedplacetobuythings.Furthermore,henowrealizesthatMangan'ssisterisjustagirlwhowillnotcarewhetherhefulfillshispromisetobuyhersomethingatthebazaar.HisconversationwithMangan'ssister,duringwhichhepromisedhewouldbuyhersomething,wasreallyonlysmalltalk--asmeaninglessastheonebetweentheEnglishgirlandhercompanions.HeleavesArabyfeelingashamedandupset.Thisepiphanysignalsachangeinthenarrator--fromaninnocent,idealisticboytoanadolescentdealingwithharshrealities.
Mangan'sSister:
Manganisoneofthenarrator'schumswholivesdownthestreet.Hisoldersisterbecomestheobjectofthenarrator'sschoolboycrush.Mangan'ssisterhasnoideahowthenarratorfeelsabouther,however,sowhentheydiscuss"Araby,"thebazaarcomingtotown,sheisonlybeingpoliteandfriendly.Shesaysshewouldliketogotothebazaarbutcannotbecauseshehastoattendaschoolretreatthatweekend.Thenarratorpromisestobuyhersomethingatthebazaarifhegoes,butitisunlikelythatshetakesthispromiseseriously.Whileontheonehandthenarratordescribesherromantically,he
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