改革开放经典词汇.docx
- 文档编号:10289138
- 上传时间:2023-05-24
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:59.28KB
改革开放经典词汇.docx
《改革开放经典词汇.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《改革开放经典词汇.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
改革开放经典词汇
改革开放30年
经典热词回放
✧经济类
三农"问题Issuesofagriculture,farmerandruralarea
Ashorttermfortheissuesrelatedwithagriculture,farmerandruralarea
Formallyraisedbyresearchersonruralissuesinthelate1980s,theissueswereregardedasofhighimportanceforthecountry'seconomicandsocialdevelopment.
两限房Houseof"TwoLimits"
Thehouseswithlowerpricesandlimitedareas
InMay2006,theStateCouncilrequiredlocalgovernmentstoboostthesupplyofhousesatlowandmiddlepricestoensurethefamiliesofmodestincomecouldaffordthem.
农村税费改革RuralTaxandFeeReform
Areforminruralareastoeasethefinancialburdenonfarmers
In2000,apilotprogramwasstartedinAnhuiprovinceunderwhichtheagriculturaltaxratewascut,otheragriculture-relatedtaxesandfeeswereeitherwrittenofformerged.Itwassoonextendedtootherregionsandtheagriculturaltaxwastotallydoneawaywithin2006throughoutthecountry,markingthecompletionofthisreform.
"三沿"地区开放Opening-upofseashore,rivershoreandborderareas
Apolicytoopentheareasalongthecoast,alongthemajorinlandriversandthoseonthecountry'sborderlinetoforeigninvestors,stimulatingtheeconomicdevelopmentwiththeirgeographicadvantages
农村土地承包制RuralLandContractSystem
Afundamentaleconomicsysteminruralareasguaranteeingfarmers'rightstolandownedbythecollectivesandtheStatebysigninglong-termcontracts
抓大放小RestructuringMajorEnterprisesandRelaxingControloverSmallOnes
AstrategyforreformingtheState-ownedenterprisesstressingthatthemajorenterprisesinkeysectorsshouldbesupportedtogainfurtherdevelopmentwhilethesmalleronesshouldcompeteinthemarket
经济适用房EconomicalHousing
Housingsoldatlowpricestolow-incomeearnerstogetthemaffordableshelters
Startingin1998,thecentralgovernmentdecidedtoofferfavorablepoliciestohousingdeveloperssothattheycouldbuildapartmentsofspecifiedsizesandprices.
三资企业Foreign-fundedenterprises
Atermforthreekindsofforeign-investedenterprisesorventuresinChina
ItincludesSino-foreignjointventures,cooperativebusinesses,andexclusivelyforeign-ownedenterprises.
铁饭碗IronRiceBowl
AguaranteedjobmanyChinesepeopledreamedofgettingduringtheeraoftheplannedeconomy
菜篮子工程Non-StapleFoodProject
Aprojectinitiativetoensurethesupplyofvegetables,diary,porkandpoultryproductsotherthangrains
In1988,theMinistryofAgriculturestartedthisprojectagainstabackgroundthatthecountrycouldnotproduceenoughnon-grainfoodwithrichdiversity.
西部大开发WesternDevelopment
Adrivelaunchedbythecentralgovernmentin2000topromotesocialandeconomicprogressinthecentralandwesternpartsofthecountry,whicharerelativelylessdevelopedthantherestofthecountry.
又好又快发展SoundandFastDevelopment
AgoalsetforChina'seconomicprogressthatunderscoresbothqualityandspeed
OfficialsattendingtheCentralEconomicWorkConferencein2005made"fastandsound"developmentoneofthecountry'sgoals.In2007,presidentHuJintaosaidtheeconomymustadvanceinacomprehensive,balancedandsustainablemannerbyputting"sound"before"fast".
小康社会Amoderatelyprosperoussociety
Ablueprintforthedevelopmentofthesocietyfeaturingcomprehensiveimprovementintheeconomy,democracy,scienceandtechnology,socialculture,andpeople'slives
循环经济CircularEconomy
Amodelforeconomicgrowthwhichaimsatenvironmentalprotection,pollutionpreventionandsustainabledevelopment
社会主义新农村SocialistNewCountryside
Theconceptfirstappearedinearly2005inamajorpolicypaperonruraldevelopment
TheCPCproposedablueprintforthecountry's11thFive-YearPlan(2006-10).Itportraysthe"newcountryside"asfeaturing"advancedproduction,awell-to-dolife,civilizedfolkways,aneatlook,anddemocraticmanagement".
新型工业化道路NewPathofIndustrialization
Astrategyforindustrializationemphasizingrelianceontechnologicalprogress,improvedefficiencyinresourceandenergyutilization,andsustainableeconomicgrowth
南水北调工程South-to-NorthWaterDiversionProject
AmajorprojecttochannelwaterfromtheYangtzeRiverinthesouthernpartofthecountrytothenorththroughthreecanals
Theproject,consideredbytheauthoritiessincethe1950s,wasformallylaunchedin2002.Withanestimatedinvestmentof486billionyuan,thethreecanalswillbecapableoftransferring44.8billioncumofwaterby2050.
分税制TaxSharingSystem
Apolicyarrangementbetweenthecentralgovernmentandlocalgovernmentsoncollectingandspendingofdifferenttaxes
Chinastartedareformin1994tointroducethissystemandestablishedStatetaxationadministrationsaswellaslocaltaxationadministrationstoimplementthesystem.
三来一补企业EnterprisesofThreeImportandCompensationTrade
Ashorthandforenterprisesthatprocessimportedrawmaterials,manufactureproductsaccordingtoimportedsamples,assembleimportedpartsandthosethatrepayloansforimportedequipmentsandtechnologieswithproducts
利改税TaxforProfits
AreformmeasurerequiringState-ownedenterprises(SOEs)topaytaxesinsteadofsubmittingtheirprofitstotheadministration
TheStateCouncilintroducedthisreformin1983bylevyinga55percentincometaxonmediumandlargeSOEsratherthantakingtheirprofits.Othermeasuressoonfollowed,creatingacompletetaxschemetoencouragecompetition.
兴边富民行动ProgramtoRevitalizeBorderAreasandEnrichResidents'Lives
AStatecampaigntoboostsocialandeconomicdevelopmentofregionsalongthelandborderline
In1998,theStateEthnicAffairsCommissionstartedtheprogramtoimprovethelivesoftheethnicpeoplewhocomprise48percentofthe21millionresidentsin135countiesalongtheborderline.
绿色信贷GreenCredit
Apolicytoencouragethebusinessestoobservetherulesandregulationsaboutenvironmentalprotectionwiththeleverageofbankcredits
Thepolicyrequiresthecommercialbanks,whenreviewingtheapplicationforbankcredits,toconsiderwhethertheapplyingbusinesseshavefollowedtheenvironmentalrules.
廉租房Low-rentHousing
State-ownedhousesarerentedoutatmodestpricestolow-incomefamilieswhodonothaveproperhousinginthecities.
In1998,thecentralgovernmentrequiredallcitiestoofferlow-renthousingtofamilieswiththelowestincomebeforetheendof2006andthedeadlinewaslaterchangedtotheendof2007.
家庭联产承包责任制HouseholdContractResponsibilitySystem
Thesystemallowsfarminghouseholdstomanageagriculturalproductionontheirowninitiativeswhilethefarmlandremainsintheownershipoftheruralcollective.
StartedinXiaogangvillageinAnhuiprovinceinthelate1970s,thesystemenablesfarmerstouselandthroughlong-termcontractsandkeeptheproduceafterpayingtaxes.
假日经济HolidayEconomy
Apopulartermtodescribethehugepublicspendingduringholidayswhichcontributessignificantlytoeconomicgrowthandstructuralupgrade
In1999,theStateCouncildecidedtoextendthepublicholidaysforMayDay,NationalDayandSpringFestivaltooneweek.Theholidaysbecamegoodopportunitiesforpeopletotravel,shopandgenerallyenjoythemselves.
财产性收入PropertyIncome
Earningsfrombankdeposits,securities,housesandotherpersonalorfamilyproperties
Inhisreporttothe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinain2007,GeneralSecretaryHuJintaostressed,forthefirsttime,thatconditionsshouldbecreatedtoenablecitizenstoearnincomefromtheirproperty.Hu'sremarkssentthemessagethatChinawouldadvancethedevelopmentofitscapitalmarket,enablinginvestorstosharetheeconomicboom.
“三步走”战略Three-StepDevelopmentStrategy
Aplanforboostingtheeconomybyhittingthreemajortargetsoverthreedifferenttimespans
Originallyfloatedbythecentralgovernmentin1987,thefirststepwastodoubletheGDPof1980by1990andtoensurethatmostofthepopulationhadenoughfoodandclothing.ThesecondstepwastodoubletheannualGDPof1990by2000andensurethatmostpeoplewerelivingprosperouslives.ThethirdstepistoquadrupletheGDPof2000by2020,ensurethatmostpeoplearelivingwell-offlivesandhaveafullyoperationalmarketeconomyinChina.
金税工程GoldenTaxProject
Theestablishmentofauniformcomputernetworkacrossthecountrythroughwhichtaxationauthoritiesatalllevelscanbetterservetaxpayers
Startedin1994,theprojectaimstoimprovethetransparencyandefficiencyoftaxcollectionandsupervision.
✧时政类
一国两制OneCountry,TwoSystems
AnideaformallyputforwardbyDengXiaopingintheearly1980storeunifythecountry
DengsuggestedthatthereshouldonlybeoneChina,buttheregionsofHongKong,MacaoandTaiwan,oncereunifiedwiththerestofthecountry,couldretaintheiroriginaleconomicandpoliticalsystemswhileotherpartskeeppursuingsocialism.
三通ThreeDirectLinks
Shorthandfordirectlinksinpost,transportationandtradebetweentheChinesemainlandandTaiwan
Intheearly1980s,thecentralgovernmentappealedtotheTaiwanauthoritiesforopening"threelinks".Thelatterhasconsistentlyrefused,buthadtomakeconcessionsinthefaceofgrowingcross-Straitsexchanges.
和谐社会AHarmonioussociety
Ablueprintforsocialdevelopmentfeaturingdecentlivingstandardsforthemajorityofpeople,atolerantsocietyandpeacefulcoexistencebetweenthehumansocietyandnature
Theconceptwasfirstfloatedin2004andthenamplifiedinOctober2006,whenthePartysetspecificgoalsforbuildingaharmonioussocietyby2020.
大部制Super-MinistrySystem
Averyrecentideatorestructurecentralgovernme
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 改革开放 经典 词汇