跨文化交际unit 3 课件.docx
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跨文化交际unit 3 课件.docx
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跨文化交际unit3课件
Unit3CulturalDifferencesinDailyConversations
任课教师:
罗凌志
联系方式:
dabianzi@
Introduction
v1.Importanceofthisstudy
vAlotofculturalphenomenaareinvolvedindailyconversation
v2.Topicsofthestudy
vsomeaspectsofeverydayconversationsaswellastheculturalcharacteristicsunderlyingthem
Section12:
WaysofAddress
vInrecentyears,thetrendofmanyEnglish-speakingpeoplehasbeentoaddressothersbyusingthefirstnameTom,Michael,Linda,Jane,etc.RatherthancallingthepersonMr.Summers,Mrs.HowardorMissJones.
v“Mr.”、“Mrs.”、“Miss”、“Sir”、“Madam”
v“先生”、“女士”、“小姐”,“同志”,“师傅”
Formsofaddress
v1.kinshipaddress亲属称谓语
v2.addressinsocialintercourse社交称谓语
vCaseStudy:
vA.IFJaneSmithgetsmarriedtoPeterAustin,howdoyouaddressthelady?
vB.IfyourforeignteacheriscalledJohnSmith,howwouldyouaddresshim?
vMr.Smith,Dr.Smith,ProfessorSmith,John,Sir,JohnSmith
vC.AnunmarriedladyiscalledMaryBrown.Howwouldyouaddressherfacetoface?
va.MissMary;b.MissBrown;c.MissMaryBrown;
vd.Mary;e.MaryBrown
v1.1Kinshipaddress
vA.formal:
father,grandfather,grandmother
vinformal:
daddy,grandpa,grandma/granny
vB.Firstname:
Tom,Bill
v13wordsinEnglish:
father,mother,son,daughter,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,nephew,niece,cousin,husband,wife
vModifiers:
great,grand,step,half,first,second,in-law
1.2addressinsocialintercourse
社交称谓语
vItisarepresentationofauthorityandequalityinsociety.
vAuthority:
superiority,age,careerdifferences,educationdegree
vEquality:
shareofexperiences,socialfeatures-religion,gender,age,birthplace,ethnic,career,interest
1.2.1theuseoffirstnames
vEnglish:
quitecommontoaddressothersbyusingthefirstnames,esp.amongclassmates,peersorcolleagues
vE.g.MavisMs.Luo
vChinese:
usedinaddressingapersonyoungerinageorlowerinrank
v刘宏伟,徐凯琪,谢梓文……
1.1.2Theuseoftitle
vChinese:
widelyuseaperson’stitle,office,oroccupationasvocatives.
vE.g.先生,小姐,处长,局长,工程师,老师,大夫,总理,总裁,经理,同志,师傅
vEnglish:
veryfewcanbeusedtoaddressunfamiliarpeople,careermen.
v1.Mr.,Mrs.,Miss,Ms
vE.gBrianSmith
vMr.Smith;Mr.BrianSmith(确定身份情况下),
vMr.Chairman/MadamChairman主席夫人阁下
v2.doctor,professor,
vE.g.Dr.Brown,ProfessorSmith
vMaster,Bachelor,Lecturer,AssistantProfessor+Surname?
No!
v3.judge,lawyer,Priest,Physician,Dentist
v4.PrimeMinister,president,mayor,governor,
v5.Captain,Colonel(上校),General,Lieutenant(陆军中尉,海军上尉)
1.1.3respectfulvocative敬称词单独使用
vEnglish:
Sir,Miss,Madam/Ma’am
v1.SirandMiss(elementaryschool)
v2.maleandfemalecustomers:
SirorMadaminstores,banks,clubs,buses,policestations…
Standardappellative
vConcept
vtermswhichcanbeusedaloneasvocatives,suchasthetermsoffamilyrelationships:
mum,dad,uncle,granny,etc;andtermsusedtoaddressstrangers:
Miss,sir,etc.
vCross-culturaldifferences
va.alltermsoffamilyrelationshipscanbeusedasstandardappellativesinChinese,onlyafewcanbeusedinEnglish.
vB.whenaddressingstrangers,Chinesecanresorttomanyterms.InEnglishonlyasmallersetoftermscanbeused.
vOnecaninferfromtheprecedingthattheChinesecustomofaddressingmembersofone’sfamilyrelativesorcloseneighborsas二哥,三姐,四婶,周大伯shouldnotbecarriedoverintoEnglish.
vAnothercommonChineseformofaddressistheuseofaperson’stitle,office,oroccupation,suchas黄局长,林经理,李校长。
ButoneseldomhearsEnglishspeakersaddressingothersasbureauDirectorSmith,ManagerJackson,PrincipalMorris.
vExercises
vDirections:
Discusstheabovequestionsinsmallgroups.
v1.TheyoungladyMarilyn,amajorcharacterinFamilyAlbum,USA,addresseshermother-in-lawbyherfirstname,Ellen.Howdoyouaccountforthis?
CouldthesamethinghappeninChina?
Why?
v2.InChinaweaddressastrangerwithanadvancedage"Grandpa"or"Grandma".Whydowedososincethatstrangerisnotconnectedtousbyblood?
HowdoesthissoundtoanEnglishear?
v 3.WeChineseroutinelyusemanyposition-linkedoroccupation-linkedtitlestoaddresspeople,suchaswangjinling(王经理),majuzhang(马局长),zhangzhuren(张主任),liyisheng(李医生),etc.DoAmericanshavesimilarcustoms?
vKeyforQ1:
v Nowadays,moreandmoreEnglish-speakingpeopleaddressothersbyusingthefirstname---Tom,Michael,Linda,Jane,etc.ThisisespeciallycommonamongAmericans,evenwhenpeoplemeetforthefirsttime.Thisappliesnotonlytopeopleofroughlythesameage,butalsoofdifferentages.Itisnotuncommontohearachildcallingamucholderperson---Joe,Ben,Harry,Helen,etc.Achildmayevendosotohis/herparentsorgrandparents.InthecaseofMarilyn,itonlyshowsthatthetwo(daughter-in-lawandmother-in-law)areverycloseandonintimateterms.
vChinesecustominthisaspectcertainlyseemscountertowhatispracticedintheUnitedStates.InChinaseniorityispaidrespectto.Juniorsaresupposedtoaddressseniorsinaproperway.Theuseofgivennamesislimitedtohusbandandwife,veryclosefriends,juniorsbyeldersorsuperiors.HierarchyinChinaprobablyaccountsforthis.
vKeyforQ2:
vThereasonforcase2isthatChineseoftenextendkinshipterms(daye(大爷),dama(大妈),dashu(大叔),dashen(大婶),shushu(叔叔),ayi(阿姨),dage(大哥),dajie(大姐),etc.)topeoplenotrelatedbybloodormarriage.Thesetermsareusedafterthesurnametoshowpolitenessandrespect.Moreexamplesarejingchashushu(警察叔叔),hushiaji(护士阿姨),etc.LiterarytranslationofthesetermssoundoddtoanEnglishear.TheEnglishequivalentsoftheabovekinshiptermsarenotsoused.Evenwithrelatives,Americanstendtousejustthefirstnameandleaveoutthetermofrelationship.WemayfindBrotherJosephorSisterMaryinEnglish,butthesetermswouldcommonlybeunderstoodasreferringtopersonsbelongingtoaCatholicgrouporsomereligiousorprofessionalsociety.
vKeyforQ3:
vCase3mentionsanotherdifferenceinaddressing.AlthoughitisquitecommonfortheChinesetouseposition-linkedoroccupation-linkedtitlestoaddresspeople,Americanshaveonlyalimitednumberofsuchtitlestobeused---Doctor,Professor,Judge,President,Senator,Governor,Mayor,General,Colonel(上校),Captain,Father,etc.Termslikelaoshi(老师),jingli(经理)andzhuren(主任)areoccupationsorpositions.
.
CasesStudy
v1.Busstation---LiPengsaidtoaBritishmanwhowasalsowaitingforthebus:
“It’srainingtoday,isn’tit?
”
v2.Oncampus---LiuFangsawtheforeignteacherTim,addressingby“Whereareyougoing,Tim?
”“Haveyouhadyourmeal,Tim?
”or“Goingtodinner,Tim?
”
Section2:
GreetingsandFarewells
WesternerscomingtoChinaalwaysfeelsurprisedtobetoldthattheChinesepeopleoftengreetpeoplewith你吃饭了没有?
This,ofcourse,isacommonChinesegreetingaroundmealtimeandthepeoplemerelynoddedwithasmile,wavedgoodbyeandwentoff.
AsweallrealizethatthisremarkwasnothingmorethanaChinesewayofsayingHelloorHi.IfthegreetinghadbeenputliterallyintoEnglishHaveyoueatenyet?
OrHaveyouhadyourlunch?
Itwouldhavesoundedratherunusual.
Part1Greetings
vGreetings
v1.Theimportanceofgreetings
vconsidertheseriousconsequenceofthefailuretogreetotherpeople
vasuccessfulbeginningofconversationleadingtothefollowingbusinesstalk
v2.ThelanguageusedbyEnglishspeakerstogreeteachother.
v2.1wish-style(祝愿式问候)
Hello!
Hi!
Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!
v2.2care-style
vHowareyou?
—Nottoobad,thanks.Andyou?
v(Howarethingsgoing;howareyougettingon;howarethingswithyou;howarethings;howiseverything;howislife?
Howisyourfamily?
)
vE.g.(Billwaspale.)ChenYu:
Areyousick?
Youshoulddrinkplentyofwaterandputonmoreclothes.
v2.3conversation-style
vA.generalfeatureofweather
vItisafinedaytoday,isn’tit?
vItisaterribleweathertoday.
vIt’sextremelywindytoday,isn’tit?
vIt’saheavyrain,isn’tit?
v2.ThelanguageusedbyEnglishspeakerstogreeteachother.
vB.temperature
vIt’seversocoldtoday,isn’tit?
vC.changesofweather,pastspecialweather,futureorexpectingweather
vIt’sabitcoolertoday,isn’tit?
vThatwasaviolentstormthatwehadlastnight,wasn’tit?
vItlookslikerain,don’tyouthink?
vWecoulddowithsomesunshine,couldn’twe?
v2.4compliment-style
vYoulookveryfinetoday.
vYoulookveryslim.
vYoulookverysmartinthatsweater!
v2.5Nonverbal:
nodding,bowing,hat-off,smiling
Greeting
3.Chinesegreetings
v1.你好。
v2.吃饭了吗?
v干吗去?
v上哪儿去?
v忙着呢?
v上班去?
vEnglishresponse:
Itisnoneofyourbusiness.
Notes
vWhenpeoplemeetforthefirsttime,Englishpeoplesay:
vItisnicetomeetyou.
vIampleasedtoseeyou.
vInChinese?
Part2.Farewells
v1Englishexpressionsoffarewells
vgoodbye,bye-bye,seeyoulater,seeyoutomorrow,solong
v2Chineseexpressionsoffarewells
v再见,再会,一会儿见,明天见
v3Differencebetween“goodbye”and“再见”
v4whenChineseseepeopleout,theytendtosay“请慢走,路上小心,请走好”whiletheguestsusuallysay“请留步,回屋吧,别送了”,WhichhavenocounterpartsinEnglish.
v5.EnglishCustomsoffarewell
vrepeathisintentionofleavingatleasttwice
vdoso15or20minutesbeforehisrealleaving
vleaveatleast30minutesafterthedinner.
v6.Formulaiclanguage
vIthinkI’dbetterbegoingnow.Ihavegottogetupearlytomorrow.
vIthinkIoughttobegoingnow.mybabysittermustleaveat11:
00.
vIthinkImustbegoingnow.Imustnotholdyouanylonger.
v4.Farewell
vItiscustomaryforfemaleguestortheelderonetomentiontheintentionof
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