高考完型填空讲解.docx
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高考完型填空讲解.docx
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高考完型填空讲解
命题趋势分析
近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构,重在文意的干扰,即把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情景中去,考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示,对整体文意进行把握的能力。
有时所给的四个选项在语法和结构上都是正确的,若放在语篇层面考虑,则不一定正确。
以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。
因此,快速浏览全文,领悟文章主旨,通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。
命题特点分析
•选作完形填空的短文,有一半以上是记叙文,且主要集中在夹叙夹议的内容上,通常为一篇300词左右的类似人生感悟、心灵鸡汤的小短文,语言地道,文笔优美。
首句不挖空,带领读者进入语境,一定要认真阅读这句话。
这种文章中对形容词和副词的考查往往难度相对较大,此类词汇表达作者态度或情感,需结合文章整体理解。
•突出语篇,强调应用,注重文化。
考生丢分主要原因
•没有遵循合理的答题步骤:
许多同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题。
所以,一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词快速阅读,理清文章大意和基本脉络(可依据语感填空)。
•不注意答题技巧:
忽视文章中上下文之间的照应关系;遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,忽略词汇搭配用法,思维定式或随意作出选择。
常见丢分考点示例
Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir___1__.Thiswasthebeginningofanother__2___dayinNewYorkCity.___3__thisdaywastobedifferent.
1.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices
2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary
3.A.AndB.SoC.ButD.Thus
严谨的解题步骤
1.通读全文,总揽全局。
2.逐句分析,确定选项。
3.通盘理解,连贯一致。
4.复读全文,核对答案。
灵活的解题技巧
1.关注固定搭配、掌握同义词的辨析。
2.瞻前顾后、左顾右盼,挖掘文中线索。
3.分清逻辑关系,注意文中表示分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。
4.充分利用常识。
具体操作中应注意的问题
1.夯实词汇基础,掌握词汇用法。
(1)SoonIhearda_____likethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.
A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout
(2)Itsuddenly____methatifwewanttogoonapicnictomorrowwehadbetterdosomepreparationsthisevening.
A.hitonB.struckC.occurredD.drawn
(3)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel_____whileIwasatcollege.
A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback
2.检索上下文,定位提示词。
(1)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery_____.
A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous
(2)MrsO’Neillasked___questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.
A.noB.certainC.manyD.more
(3)ThenextdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool_____.Mrs.Bidenwasn’tas26(enthusiastic)asJenna.“I’msorry,butwehaveenough27(writer)forthenewspaperalready.(天津)
A.committeeB.newspaperC.radioD.team
3.寻求搭配,注意辨析。
(1)Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself_____somuchmoney.
A.forB.byC.toD.of
(2)Whenwe41(lookat)itasawhole,webegintohavesome_____,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer.(安徽)
A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions
(3)Theshy,quietfreshmanachievedsuccessthatyear.Iwas_____intheprogramas“StudentArtAssistant”becauseofthetimeandeffortI’dputin.(北京)
A.introducedB.recognizedC.identifiedD.considered
4.进行逻辑推理,从容确定关系。
(1)Itwastakingupagreatdealofmytime,andtheheadmasterofmyschoolgavemeachoice;stayinschoolleavetoworkonmymagazine.
A.besidesB.butC.andD.or
(2)IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon______Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.
A.andB.forC.butD.as
(3)Thetouristpaid700poundsforthepainting,buthe1thathedidn’tknowits2worth.
1.A.promisedB.claimedC.admittedD.permitted
2.A.practicalB.additionalC.adequateD.actual
逻辑关系考察常见陷阱
(1)Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.____,nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome.
A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore
(2)…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange___quitepleasanttaste.
A.besidesB.butC.andD.or
5.利用生活常识,了解相关文化。
(1)Andvideocamerascanbeusedto__people’sactionsathome.
A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch
(2)…,shewasalwayswaitingatthebusstoparound8:
00.On_____days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.
A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy
(3)“1herup”themansaidsoundinglikeanyother2.Whenthetank(油箱)wasfull,Toddquicklyturnedroundand...
1.A.CoverB.FillC.CheckD.Tie
2.A.visitorB.robberC.driverD.rider
(4)Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast1bedandbringhim
thepapersto2.
1.A.toB.atC.inD.by
2.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign
考点分析与实战策略应用
1.MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasa
struggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.…henever
criticizedus,butused(praise)tobringoutourbest…fathersaid:
“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”.
36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener
37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned
2.Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowing
withtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas(tired)andthe
sametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad27astepandfell,
sendingmynewsuitcase28downthestairs.(全国)
27.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked
28.A.rollingB.passingC.droppingD.turning
3....(finally)Iturnedthekeyinthelockand(pushed)thedooropen,
withDad(still)complaining(抱怨)aboutahurtingkneeorsomething.I
putmyheadin,expectingthe42.Buttomy43,theroom
wasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintings
onthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew
44,dressedneatly.
42.A.worstB.chairC.bestD.tea
43.A.regretB.disappointmentC.surpriseD.knowledge
44.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion
4.…sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs."Damn!
"he
screamed,hisfaceturningred.Iknew(trouble)wasahead.Whenever
Dad'sfaceturnsred,(lookout)!
HowcouldIever(get)himtofinish
unloadingthecar(without)screamingatmeandmakingascenein
frontoftheothergirls,girlsIwouldhavetospendthe(rest)oftheyear
with?
..."findtheroomquickly,"Ithought."Gethimintoachairand
calmeddown."Butthenagain,wouldtherebeachairinRoom316?
Orwoulditbea(n)(empty)room?
...(finally)Iturnedthekeyinthelockand(pushed)thedooropen,with
Dad(still)complaining(抱怨)aboutahurtingkneeorsomething.Iput
myheadin,expectingthe42.Buttomy43,theroomwasn’t
emptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthe
wall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew44,dressed
neatly.
42.A.worstB.chairC.bestD.tea
43.A.regretB.disappointmentC.surpriseD.knowledge
44.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion
5.ClearlyIhadmade30.Ihadstartedtheeveningwantingtohavea
(happy)timewithmydaughterbuthadallowedmydesiretowinto
becomemore(important)thanmyrelationshipwithmydaughter.
WhenIwasachild,mydesiretowin(served)mewell.Asaparent,I
(realized)thatitgotinmyway.SoIhadtochange.(四川)
A.amistakeB.adecisionC.anattemptD.aneffort
6.Themeasureofaman'srealcharacteriswhathewoulddoifhe
knewhewouldneverbefoundout.—ThomasMacaulay...Thereis
nothingreallynewabout(cheating)inexams....shewroteonthe
blackboardthe(above)wordsbyThomasMacaulay....Thirtyyears
afterbeing(introduced)toMacaulay'swords,they(still)seemtome
thebestyardstick(准绳),becausetheygiveusa(way)tomeasure
ourselvesratherthanothers...(should)thewallet,foundinthestreet,be
putintoapocket(or)turnedovertothepoliceman?
Shouldthe(extra)
changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor(returned)?
Nobodywill
knowexcept(you).Butyouhavetolivewithyourself,anditisalways
50tolivewithsomeoneyourespect.(全国)
50.A.easierB.morenaturalC.betterD.morepeaceful
7.MydreamistobethefirstwomanpresidentoftheUnitedStates
whenIgrowup.Why?
Iwantto1thatgirlscanbejustasimportant
asboys.Iwanttobeanddowhatboysareanddo.Mybrotherhasthe
same2.Hewantstobepresidentrightafterme.Oneimportant3
ittakestobepresidentisself-discipline(自我约束).Whyisself-discipline
4?
Whathappensifyourparentsdon’t5aboutyourgrades?
Doyou
worklesshardor6yourselftodomore?
Duringmynineyearsin
schoolIhave7beentoldthat100%isgoodenough.100%isgood;
110%isbetter.Betterstillis120%.Ihavegot8AssinceImovedto
Bedford.Thegood9arearewardformywork.Myparentsare
justthereto10mebutitisI11dotherealwork.
Anotherimportantcharacteristicisflexibility(随机应变).Ihavetwo12.Onesideisgentleandtheotheris13.Thesetwosidesare14importanttome.Ihavetoknowwhentobehardandgentleattheright15.Whenakiddoessomethingwrong,youneedtobegentlebutalsoharshtosendtheright16.Youhavetobetough
whenyouare17withabully(欺凌弱小者).Oneimportant_3__ittakestobepresidentisself-discipline.
I’mtheonlygirlinKungfuclassbuttheboys18mebecausethey
knowI’mastoughasanyboy.Thesecharacteristicswill19metomy
goal.Iwillnever20ordoanyonewrong.I’llbepresidentwhenI
growup.
1.A.imagineB.reportC.speakD.show
2.A.abilityB.goalC.opinionD.invitation
3.A.designB.wayC.characteristicD.pleasure
4.A.importantB.difficultC.practicalD.easy
5.A.talkB.setC.comeD.care
6.A.pushB.enjoyC.teachD.help
7.A.stillB.evenC.neverD.more
8.A.hardB.straightC.highD.valuable
9.A.gradesB.actionsC.mannersD.teachers
10.A.expectB.noticeC.missD.encourage
11.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whom
12.A.ideasB.sidesC.chancesD.values
13.A.toughB.weakC.softD.clever
14.A.hardlyB.finallyC.seriouslyD.equally
15.A.seasonB.timeC.directionD.view
16.A.messageB.orderC.wayD.knowledge
17.A.puttingB.settlingC.dealingD.turning
18.A.regretB.dislikeC.frightenD.respect
19.A.leadB.makeC.inspireD.change
20.A.getawayB.giveupC.driveoffD.diedown
考点分析与实战策略应用
完形主要考查语篇结构(语境理解)
基本原则:
•先完意
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