地下水水文学A卷.docx
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地下水水文学A卷.docx
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地下水水文学A卷
长江大学试卷学院地球化学系班级学号姓名
…………….…………………………….密………………………………………封………………..…………………..线……………………………………..
2010—2011学年第2学期
Thesecondsemesterin2010─2011academicyear
地下水水文学试题(A卷)
TestQuestionsofGeohydrology(TestpaperA)
专业:
水文水资源工程年级:
2008
Major:
HydrologyandWaterResourcesGrade:
2008
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Total
Score
考试方式:
开卷;学分:
2.0;考试时间:
120分钟
ExamMode:
open-bookexam;Credithour:
2.0;Duration:
120minutes
PartⅠ(50percent)
(InthispartyouareaskedtowriteoutyouranswersinChinese)
1Shortanswerquestion(thereare6questions,eachquestionis4points,totalpointsare24)/简答题(6小题,每小题4分,共24分)
1.1与地下水过度开发相关的水环境问题有哪些?
Whatisenvironmentalproblemsrelatedtoexcessiveexploitationofgroundwater?
1.2什么是岩土的水理性质?
岩土的水理性质有哪些?
Whatarethephysicalpropertiesofrockandsoilrelatedtogroundwaterandwhichshouldbeincluded?
1.3反映地下水质量的指标有哪些?
Whatareindicatorstoreflectgroundwaterquality?
1.4除含水层之间的补给和计算区以外地下水的侧向补给外,地下水的自然补给有哪些主要来源?
Whataremainsourcesforgroundwaterrechargenaturally,exceptforrechargebetweenaquifersandlateralrechargefromexternalofthecomputationarea?
1.5抽水试验中设置水位观测孔的目的是什么?
Whatarethegoalsofawellforwatertableobservationinpumpingtest?
1.6水均衡法计算水资源量的基本原理是什么?
具体应用步骤有哪些?
Whatarebasicprinciplesofwaterresourcescomputedbywaterbalancemethod,andconcretelycalculatingprocess?
2Analysisandcomparison(Thereare2questions,eachquestionis4points,totalpointsare8)/分析比较题(2小题,每小题4分,共8分)
2.1容水性与给水性有何不同?
Whataredifferentbetweenthepropertyofrock-soiltostorewaterandthepropertyofrock-soiltoyieldorsupplywater?
2.2储水率与储水系数有何不同?
Whataredifferentbetweenspecificstorageandstorativityorstoragecoefficient?
3Summaryandinductionorgeneralization(Thereare2questions,eachquestionis5points,totalpointsare10)/总结归纳或总结概括题(2小题,每小题5分,共10分)
3.1阅读教材p236-241,指出处理受污染地下水常用的物理方法有哪些。
Readingyourtextbookfrompage236to241,pointoutrelevantcommonphysicalmethodsusedtotreatmentofpollutedgroundwater.
3.2阅读教材P149-151,在理解例6-1的基础上,写出利用抽水试验的降深~时间资料确定潜水含水层水文地质参数(导水系数)T和u*(弹性释水系数)的方法步骤。
Readingyourtextbookfrompage150to151,writeoutmethodandproceduresofhydrogeologyparameterT(Transmissivity)andu*(elasticstorativity)determinedbydrawdown-timedatafrompumpingtestsbasedoncomprehendingexample6-1.
4coveredthematterinabriefstatement(8points)/简述题(8分)。
简述地下水库与地表水库的基本区别?
Brieflynarratebasicdifferencesbetweengroundwaterreservoirandsurfacereservoir?
PartⅡ(50percent)
(InthispartyouareaskedtowriteoutyouranswersinEnglish)
5Fillintheblankswithbesttermaccordingtofollowingdescriptions,eachblankis1point,andtotalpointsis20.
5.1()iswaterlocatedbeneaththegroundsurfaceinsoilporespacesandinthefracturesofrockformations.
A.soilmoistureB.fissurewaterC.GroundwaterD.porewater
5.2Inphysicalgeography,atermoftendescribesthecombinedmassofwaterfoundon,under,andoverthesurfaceofaplanet.Thebestwordforthistermis().
A.hydraulicsB.geohydrologyC.hydrogeologyD.hydrosphere
5.3The()isaconceptualmodelthatdescribesthestorageandmovementofwaterbetweenthebiosphere,atmosphere,lithosphere,andthehydrosphere.
A.hydrologiccycleB.geologicalcycleC.reservoirD.runoff
5.4()referstothemovementofwaterintothesoillayerfromsurface.
A.runoffB.infiltrationC.InfiltrationD.throughflow
5.5Whengravitationalwaterhasdrainedawaytheamountofwaterthatremainsiscalledthe().
A.gravitationalwaterB.throughflowC.seepageD.soil'sfieldcapacity
5.6Whenaunitofrockoranunconsolidateddepositcanyieldausablequantityofwater,itiscalledan().
A.aquiferB.aquitardC.aquicludeD.aquifuge
5.7An()isarocktypewithaverylowpermeability.Therockhardlytransmitsanygroundwateralthoughitmaywellcontainlargequantitiesofgroundwater.
A.aquiferB.aquitardC.aquicludeD.aquifuge
5.8()groundwateroccurswhentheflowofsubterraneanwaterisnotconfinedbythepresenceofrelativelyimpermeablelayers.
A.ConfinedB.unconfinedC.UnconfinedD.confined
5.9.Thewaterretainedbysuchaforcefoundonthesurfaceofsoilmineraliscalled().
A.hygroscopicwaterB.groundwaterC.porewaterD.confinedwater
5.10Itisoneformofsoilmoisture.Becausethiswaterisprimarilymovedbycapillaryaction,scientistscommonlyrefertoitas().
A.hygroscopicwaterB.capillarywaterC.HygroscopicwaterD.confinedwater
5.11()istheratioofthevolumeofwaterthatarockorsoilwillyieldbygravitydrainagetothevolumeoftherockorsoil.
A.SpecificyieldB.SpecificstorageC.SpecificretentionD.Storativity
5.12()ordeepdrainageordeeppercolationisahydrologicprocesswherewatermovesdownwardfromsurfacewatertogroundwater.
A.GroundwaterrechargeB.groundwaterdischarge
C.groundwaterrunoffD.Leakagerecharge
5.13()ofgroundwatercanbedefinedas“thepracticeofincreasingbyartificialmeanstheamountofwaterthatisrechargingagroundwatersystem”.
A.NaturalrechargeB.Artificialrecharge
C.RiverrechargeD.artifiialrecharge
5.14()cangenerallybedefinedastheoutflowofwaterfromagroundwatersystematornearthegroundwatertable.
A.GroundwaterrechargeB.Groundwaterdischarge
C.TransfluenceD.Groundwatermovement
5.15()istheflowofwaterbeneathearth'ssurfaceaspartofthewatercycle.
A.SurfaceflowB.SubsurfaceflowC.HydrologicalcycleD.Spring
5.16()isanintegrationthatbasicelementsofgroundwatersuchaswatertable,waterquantity,watertemperatureanditschemicalcomponentetc.varywithtime..
A.GroundwaterregimeB.Groundwaterrecharge
C.GroundwaterrunoffD.Groundwaterdischarge
5.17Inlightofsaturationofgroundwater,seepagecanbeclassifiedintosaturatedandunsaturatedseepages.()referstoflowofgroundwaterinthezoneofsaturation.
A.SaturatedseepageB.saturatedseepage
C.unsaturatedseepageD.Unsaturatedseepage
5.18()istheamountofwaterthataportionofanaquiferreleasesfromstorage,perunitmassorvolumeofaquifer,perunitchangeinhydraulichead,whileremainingfullysaturated.Thetermgenerallyreferstovolumetricspecificstorage.
A.SpecificstorageB.StorativityC.SpecificyieldD.Specificcapacity
5.19()isthequantityofwaterthatcanbedrainedoutfromagivenaquiferundergravitationalaction.
A.SpecificstorageB.StorativityC.SpecificyieldD.Specificcapacity
5.20()referstoadischargeperwidththatpassesthroughwholethicknessofanaquiferwhenhydraulicgradientequalsto1,withdimensionL2/T(m2/day).
A.TransmissivityB.HydraulicconductivityC.StorativityD.Porosity
6Readingandcomprehension(Thereare2questions,eachis10points,totalpointsare20).
6.1Readyourtextbookatpage47-48,thenpointouttherelationshipbetweengaseouscomponentingroundwaterandgeochemicalenvironment.
Keywords:
geochemicalenvironment地球化学环境;dissolve溶解;dissolvedoxygen溶解氧;oxidation/oxidization氧化;deoxidization还原;reductiveenvironment还原环境;carbonate碳酸盐;crystallinerock结晶岩;weather风化;O2,N2,CO2,CH4andH2S;gaseouscomponent气体成分.
6.2Answer5questionsafterreadingthefollowingmaterial,eachis2pointsandtotalpointsare10.
TotalDissolvedSolids(TDS)isameasureofthecombinedcontentofallinorganicandorganicsubstancescontainedinaliquidin:
molecular,ionizedormicro-granular(colloidalsol)suspendedform.Generallytheoperationaldefinitionisthatthesolidsmustbesmallenoughtosurvivefiltrationthroughasievethesizeoftwomicrometer.
PrimarysourcesforTDSinreceivingwatersareagriculturalandresidentialrunoff,leachingofsoilcontaminationandpointsourcewaterpollutiondischargefromindustrialorsewagetreatmentplants.Themostcommonchemicalconstituentsarecalcium,phosphates,nitrates,sodium,potassiumandchloride,whicharefoundinnutrientrunoff,generalstormwaterrunoffandrunofffromsnowyclimateswhereroaddeicingsaltsareapplied.
Totaldissolvedsolids(TDS)aredifferentiatedfromtotalsuspendedsolids(TSS),inthatthelattercannotpassthroughasieveoftwomicrometersandyetareindefinitelysuspendedinsolution.Theterm“settleablesolids”referstomaterialofanysizethatwillnotremainsuspendedordissolvedinaholdingtanknotsubjecttomotion,andexcludesbothTDSandTSS.Settleablesolidsmayincludelargerparticulatematterorinsolublemolecules.
Thetwoprincipalmethodsofmeasuringtotaldissolvedsolidsaregravimetryandconductivity.Gravimetricmethodsarethemostaccurateandinvolveevaporatingtheliquidsolventtoleavearesiduethatcansubsequentlybeweighedwithaprecisionanalyticalbalance(normallycapableof.0001gramaccuracy).Electricalconductivityofwaterisdirectlyrelatedtotheconcentrationofdissolvedionizedsolidsinthewater.Ionsfromthedissolvedsolidsinwatercreatetheabilityforthatwatertoconductanelectricalcurrent,whichcanbemeasuredusingaconventionalconductivitymeterorTDSmeter.
1)Whatarethegravimetricmethodsofmeasuringtotaldissolvedsolids?
2)WhatisTDS?
3)WhatareprimarysourcesforTDS?
4)WhatisTSS?
5)WhataredifferentbetweenTDSandTSS?
.
7GivethebestproperterminEnglishafterconsideringthetermslistedinthefollowingtablecarefully,eachis1pointandtotalpointsare10.
TechnicaltermsinChinese
Techn
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