文化是指一个国家或民族历史.docx
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文化是指一个国家或民族历史.docx
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文化是指一个国家或民族历史
Abstract:
Withthedeepeningoftheglobalization,ChinaandAmerica,whichplayedanimportantroleintheworld,alsohavestrengthenedthemutualdependencebetweenthem.However,duetotheculturaldifferences,peopleindifferentculturalbackgroundsoftenhaveconflictswitheachotherinthecross-culturalcommunicationandcooperation.Therefore,thearticlefirstdiscussestheimportanceoflearningaboutculturaldifferencesandsimilarities,andthencomparesomepartsofsino-usculturaldifferences.AtlastitshowsthatunderstandingculturaldifferencesofChinaandAmericawillnotonlyhelpdeepentheunderstandingbetweeneastandwestculture,butalsohelptoculturalexchangebetweeneastandwest.
KeyWords:
ChinaandAmerica,familyeducation,politicalsystem,touristideology
1.CultureandCross-culturalCommunication
Culturereferstoastateornation'shistory,geography,localconditionsandcustoms,lifestyle,wayofthinking,values,etc.Itisakindofsocialphenomenon,whichisformedinthelongtimeofpeople'screation.Meanwhile,itisalsoakindofhistoricalphenomenon,socialandhistoricalsediment.Culturedeeplyrootsinthebasicneedsofhumansurvivalanddevelopment.Anynationrequiresforsurvivalanddevelopment,thisisallthenations'commonpoint,whichbecomethebasisofcross-culturalcommunication.Cross-culturalcommunication,thatis,peopleindifferentculturalbackgroundsparticipateintheactivitiesofcommunication.Duetovariousreasons,thedevelopmentofallethnicgroupscannotbeatthesamelevel.Therearealwaysculturaldifferencesexistingamongvariousnations,whichmakecross-culturalcommunicationhavethe
possibilityandnecessity.Thus,theinitialmotivationofcross-culturalcommunicationisculturaldifferences.Withoutsuchdifferences,cross-culturalcommunicationhaslostitsmeaning,itisimpossibletoexist.
2.Theimportanceoflearningaboutculturaldifferencesandsimilarities
Withtheeconomicglobalizationprocessacceleratingandextending,differentculturalformsinterpenetratedandmingledmutually.Ifacountrywantstomaintainculturalindependenceandenhanceculturecompetitivepower,itmustfullyunderstandthecultureofdifferentcountries,discardthedrossandselecttheessence,onthisbasisofwhichthecountrycandeveloptheirculturebetter.Atthesametime,understandingdifferentcountriescultureisnotonlyakindofrespectforothers,butalsocanalleviatetheculturalconflictsincross-culturalcommunicationandmakeustackleaseriesofproblemseasierbroughtbyculturaldifferences.
3.CulturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmerica
ChinesecultureisatypicalrepresentativeofOrientalculture.Americaisafusionofwesternculture.Inrecentyears,thetwocountriesgetcloserintheculturalexchanges.
ComparingthetwotypicalrepresentativecountriescangiveusamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofAmericanculture,andre-examinetheaccumulationofChineseculturethroughfivethousandyears.NextthearticlewillcomparedtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmericafromthreeaspects:
familyeducation,politicalsystemandtouristideology.
3.1FamilyEducation
Thispartincludesthemethodsandresultsofthefamilyeducation.Firstly,inAmerica,parentstendtogivechildrenmoreencouragementandlessprotection.Theypayattentiontochildren'spersonalitydevelopmentandeducatethemtobeindependent.However,Chineseparentsemphasizetheauthorityofthemselvesandprefertomakedecisionsforchildren.Theynotonlygivechildrenunlimitedloveandoverprotectionbutalsoalwayscomparetheirchildrenwithothers.Asaresult,mostAmericanchildrenhaveaninnovativespiritofbreakingnewground.Theyareindependentsothattheycaneasilyadapttothemarketeconomicandsocialenvironment.Onthecontrary,Chinesechildrenhaveastrongabilityofpassingexamsbecauseoftheirearnestandstrict.Buttheylackofindependenceand
havepoorinterpersonalskillstoadapttosociety.
Thedifferenthistoricalbackground,socialconditionsandeconomicformcontributedtothedifferencesinfamilyeducationbetweenchinaandwesterncountries.
Americaisanemigrantcountrywithashorthistory.Itisaffectedbymulti-cultureandmulti-value,inviewofthis,itcanacceptnewthoughtsandculturemorequicklywithoutrestriction.ComparedwithChinesepeople,theypossessmoreadventureandcreationsprits.However,Chinahasalonghistory,atthesametime,itreservesmoreoldculture,especiallyisaffectedbyfeudalfarmers’ideaforalongperiod.Itsculturevalueisconservativeandcautious.Thus,Chinesepeopleareeducatedtobeobedient,lackingofenvironmenttoacceptnewideasonthewhole.
Asforsocialconditions,therearesofewopportunitiestofindajobinChinabecauseofalargepopulation.Gettinghighmarkshasbecomeanecessaryconditiontohaveagoodjobandfuture.TheconditionofeconomyinAmericaisbetterthanthatinChina,sotherearemoreemploymentopportunitiesinAmerica.Sofar,socialsecurityandold-agehavenotbeenperfectinChina.ManyChineseparentstake
theirchildrenastheirprivatepossessioninordertoreceivethereturnoftheirchildren.Forthisreason,theirchildren’shighscoreshavebecometheiroriginofpride.ButinAmerica,thereisaprosperousdevelopmentofeconomyandsanesocialsecuritysystem,soAmericanparentsdon’tcountontheirchildren’ssupport.Theyeducatetheirchildrentobeanindependent,conscientiousandkindheartedpersonastheirduties.
Althoughtherearemanydifferencesinfamilyeducationbetweenchinaandwesterncountries,withtheextensiveinterculturalcommunication,theconceptandthewayoffamilyeducationisgraduallycomplementing.Therefore,weshouldnotonlyadmitandacceptthewesterngoodpoints,butalsosucceedanddevelopourbenefits.Anyhow,theessenceofeducationisconsistentandwecanfindabalancebetweenthetwodifferences.
3.2PoliticalSystem
Thepoliticalsystemusuallyreferstostatesystem,regime,politicalpartysystem,theformofnationalstructureandelectionsystem.HerewewillmainlycomparethedifferencesoftheformofnationalstructurebetweenChinaandAmerica.
TheformofChina’snationalstructureisunitarysystem.Thereisonlyoneconstitution,onehighestorganofstatepowerandoneCentralPeople'sGovernmentinChina.Theprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesandspecialadministrativeregionsaretheinseparablepartofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Theyexercisetheirpowersundertheunifiedleadershipofthecentralregime.ButinAmerica,federalismistheformofthenationalstructure.Thefederationhasthehighestlegislative,executiveandjudicialauthority.Italsohasunifiedconstitutionandlaws.Itisthemainbodyofinternationalcommunication.Thestateshavetheirownconstitution,lawsandgovernmentagencies.Ifthestates’constitutionandthelawhaveconflictswiththefederallaws,thestatesshouldobeytofederalconstitutionandlaws.Meanwhile,thepowerownedbythefederalgovernmentwasjustlimitedtotheconstitution.Thepowerwhichtheconstitutiondidn’tgranttothecentralorprohibittheuseofthestateswasreservedbythestatesorpeople.Intheearlydaysoffoundingthestate,thepowerofthefederalgovernmentwasverylimited,states’independenceandfreedomwerebigger.Eachstatehadatendencyoflocalprotectionismintheeconomy.Inthiscase,theSupreme
Courtalwaystookastandofliberalinterpretationonfederalpowerclauseinordertomaintainthefederalsystem.Italsomaintainedtheunityofthemarketandequalcompetitionthroughthejudicialreview.
Acountry'slevelofeconomicdevelopment,nationalcondition,nationalgeographicenvironment,historicaltradition,theinternationalenvironment,cultureandotherfactors,willaffectthestructureofacountry.Wecan'ttellunitaryandfederalismwhichissuperiorandwhichisn't.Thechoicesofthetwocountriesarebothinlinewiththeirhistoriesandcharacteristicsofnationalculture.
TouristIdeology
InAmerica,oncepeoplehaveenoughmoneyonhand,theywillgooutfortravelorvacationwithouthesitation.Manypeoplethinkthattravelandholidayarethemostimportantpartoflife.Asforwork,itisjustthepreparationforholiday.InChina,becauseoftheinfluenceoftheeconomyandtraditionalideas,peoplegenerallybelievethattourismconsumptionisaluxurybeyondlife.Iftheyspendalongtimetoenjoybutnottowork,theywillhaveverystrongfeelingsofguilt.Americanseagertodifferentselvessothattheydon'tconfoundpublicaffairswithprivateones.Holiday
isirrelevanttoworkcompletely.InChina,tourismisanextensionofthework.Peoplegooutwithamobilephoneandkeepintouchwithunitatanytime.Chinesetouristsalsoliketovisitalotofscenicspots,themorethebetter.Thetourismconceptquantityoverqualityleadspeopletothinktotraveltothesameplaceseveryyearisaverysillything.However,theAmericanspaymoreattentiontospiritualharvest,theycanevenchoosetogotothesametowneachyear,liveinthesamehotelandrentthesamebeachchair.
4.Conclusion
ThatisthewholecontentIwanttosharewithyouabouttheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmerica.Infact,Ireallybenefitalotfromtakingthecourse“CulturalcomparisonbetweenChinaandAmerica”.Firstofall,'steachingstyleishumorous.Sheleftadeepimpressiontoeveryonewithrelaxingandfreelearningenvironmentaswellasvividandnovelwayofteaching.Sheoftengiveustheopportunitiestodopresentation,thisnotonlymakeusunderstandthispartof
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- 关 键 词:
- 文化 一个 国家 民族 历史
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