初中英语语法专题讲解被动语态无答案.docx
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初中英语语法专题讲解被动语态无答案.docx
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初中英语语法专题讲解被动语态无答案
【趣味词组:
1、bookmaker不一定是图书业者,有可能是接受赌注的庄家
2、crow’sfeet不是乌鸦脚,而是鱼尾纹
3、greenbean不是绿豆,而是四季豆】
被动语态
导入:
我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?
苹果被我吃了。
正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。
英语中有两种语态:
主动语态和被动语态。
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
一、定义
1.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:
ManypeoplespeakEnglish.【谓语:
speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的】
2.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
例如:
Englishisspokenbymanypeople.【主语English是动词speak的承受者】
Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。
(主动句)------Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。
(被动句)
二、结构bedone
1.一般现在时:
am/is/are(not)+done
Sheoftenwaterstheflowers.
Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher.
2.一般过去时:
was/were(not)+done
Wevisitedaformyesterday.
Aformwasvisitedyesterdaybyus.
3.一般将来时:
will/shall(not)be+done
begoingtobedone
ShewillaskTomtocleantheclassroom.
→Tomwillbeaskedtocleantheclassroombyher.
4.现在进行时:
be+being+done
过去进行时:
was/werebeingdone
Heisreadinganovel.
Anovelisbeingread.
5.现在完成时:
have/hasbeen+done
6.情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点:
情态动词(not)+be+过去分词
HecanspeakEnglish
Englishcanbespokenbyhim.
三、用法:
●不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:
Riceisalsogrowninthisplace.(这个地方也种水稻)
●不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。
如:
Amanwaskilledintheaccident.(一个人死于事故)
例题:
1.Wecallmathsthelanguageofscience.(改为被动句)
Maths__________________thelanguageofscience.
2.Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.(改为被动句)
Abridge________________betweenthetwoislandslastyear.
四、主动语态如何改写为被动语态---考点:
主动句:
主语(人/物)+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(人/物)+其他
被动句:
主语(人/物)+谓语(及物动词)+(by+人/物)+其他
例:
Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。
Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗户是迈克打破的。
Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
例题:
1.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.(改为被动句)
Silk__________________inSuzhou.
2.Wefoundsomejewelsinabox.
Somejewelsbyinabox.
3.Abirthdaypartywillbegiventomorrow.(改为主动句)
We__________________abirthdaypartytomorrow.
4.Jameshasleftaparcelforyou.
5.Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.
五、【特殊考点】
1.“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
【注意:
间接宾语做主语时,要添加介词to或for.】
例:
Jim’sfatherboughthimanicebicyclelastweek.
---Jimwasboughtanicebicyclebyhisfatherlastweek.=
---AnicebicyclewasboughttoJimbyhisfatherlastweek.
例题:
1.Hegavemeabook.
---I____________abookbyhim.
---Abook_____________mebyhim.
2.Mymothermademeacake.
----I_________acakebymymother
----Acake____________mebymymother.
2.“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.
例:
Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes. --Hewasmadetowashthedishes.
例题:
1.Theteachermadethestudentscopythetext.(改为被动句)
Thestudents___________________________copythetext.
2.Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday
Theworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.
注意:
see/hear/notice/keep+sb+doingsth句型中变被动语态时doing不变。
IheardTomsingingjustnow.
Tom_______________bymejustnow.
3.短语动词的被动语态:
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
例如:
Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事闻所未闻。
Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
4.表示"据说"或"相信"的词组,基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等组成。
Itissaidthat… 据说 Itisreportedthat…据报道
Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信 Itiswellknownthat…众所周知
例:
Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.
例题:
1.Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.
A.designed B.hasbeendesigned C.willbedesigned D.willhavebeendesigned
2.It’sreportedthatNanjingSouthRailwayStationattheendofthismonth.
A.hasbeencompletedB.iscompletedC.wascompletedD.willbecompleted
综合练习
1.DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChina.
A.allowsB.doesn’tallowC.isallowedD.isn’tallowed
2.Manyaccidentsbycarelessarriveslastyear.
A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause
3.I’mgladtofindthatmanytressinourcitylastyear.
A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted
4.—WhathappenedtoBilly?
—Hebecauseofhisdrink-driving.
A.iscaughtB.wascaughtC.hascaughtD.hadcaught
5.Don’tworry.Yourpackagehereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.
A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept
6—Mum,canIgotothezoowithLinda?
—Whenyourhomework,youcan.
A.isfinishedB.wasfinishedC.finishesD.finished
7—LotsoftreesandflowersonbothsidesofHuanshanRoadlastyear.
—Oh,that’sbeautiful.
A.areplantedB.wereplantingC.wereplantedD.haveplanted
8Ittodriveafterdrinkingwine.
A.isallowedB.isnotallowedC.ismadeD.iswelcomed
9—Excuseme,canwebringthedogtothetheatrewithus?
—Sorry,petstoenter.
A.areallowedB.areaskedC.aren’tallowedD.aren’tasked
10—Canyoutellmehowtomakeapplejuice?
—Sure.Pleasewatchcarefullyandyouwillseehowit.
A.ismadeB.ismakingC.makesD.willmake
11.)Thesickboy____tohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.
A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took
12.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?
---Ofcourse.Look,thisphoto____therelastyear.
A.istakenB.tookC.wastakenD.willtake
13Areyougoingtotheparty?
----No,becauseI_______.
A.haveinvitedB.haven’tinvitedC.hasbeeninvitedD.haven’tbeeninvited
14Don`tbeafraid.Thedog______tothetree.
A.istiedB.musttieC.wastiedD.hastied
15Haveyouheardofthemovie2012?
-----Yes.It_____inHongseTheatreLastwinter.
A.showsB.wasshownC.isshown
六、不用被动语态的情况
1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语
例如:
Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火过后,我家烧得所剩无几。
Howdothenewspaperscomeout?
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
2)系动词无被动语态,如appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain等。
例如:
Itsoundsgood.听上去不错。
Yourreasonsoundsreasonable
Thedishtastesgood.
七、主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash,clean,cook,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,write,sell等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义
例如:
Thebooksellswell. Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
Thiskindofskirtsellswell.Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
2)在need,require,want,worth(形容词)后的动名词必须用主动形式。
例如:
Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.
Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.
典型例题:
Thelibraryneeds,butit'llhavetowaituntilSunday.
A.cleaning B.becleaned C.clean D.beingcleaned
八、情态动词与被动
结构:
情态动词+be+done
例:
Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证
wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.--Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
Youshouldbuyadictionaryatonce----Adictionaryshouldbeboughtatoncebyyou.
Theyneedn'tlookafterthelittlechild----Thelittlechildneedn'tbelookedafter(bythem)
例题:
YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.
ThearticlebyyoubeforeFriday.
课堂练习:
1.Necessaryactionsothatstudentscanbesafeatschools.
A.canbetakenB.mustbetakenC.maybetakenD.mightbetaken
2.Doyoubelievetherearealiens?
—I’mafraidnot.Idon’tthinkaliensinspace.
A.canfindB.canbefoundC.canbefoundedD.can’tbefound
3.Tom,youshouldn’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’sworktoday.
A.maydoneB.mustdoneC.maybedoneD.mustbedone
4.Foodsafetyisveryimportant.—Sosomerules______tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.
A.mustmake B.mustbemade C.mustmade D.bemade
九、重难点:
状语从句与语态结合
1.Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.
A.istaken B.takes C.willbetaken D.hastaken
2.Mypictures____untilnextFriday.
A.won'tdevelop B.aren'tdeveloped C.don'tdevelop D.won'tbedeveloped
3.I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.
A.wouldbefined B.willbefined C.willbeingfined D.willhavebeenfined
4.Don’tdiscusstheproblemwithyourpartnerunlessyou____todoso.
A.askB.areaskedC.willaskD.willbeasked
5.Ifthequestion____incorrectly,_______questionwillbegiventoyou.
A.answers;otherB.areanswered;other
C.willbeanswered;anotherD.isanswered;another
6.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithLinda?
—Whenyourhomework,youcan.
A.isfinishedB.wasfinishedC.finishesD.finished
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