英语语言学期末复习参考.docx
- 文档编号:11014013
- 上传时间:2023-05-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:61
- 大小:51.22KB
英语语言学期末复习参考.docx
《英语语言学期末复习参考.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语语言学期末复习参考.docx(61页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
英语语言学期末复习参考
语言学期末复习参考
习题1
QuestionsonLectureIII
*Saussurelooksatlanguagefromthe____________pointofview,Chomskylooksatlanguagefromthe_____________pointofviewand_______looksatitfromthefunctionalpointofview.
*_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofacommunity.
*___________referstotheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.
*Competenceisaformof“knowing”;________________isasetofpossibilitiesfor“doing”.
*Linguisticsinvolvessuchbranchesas___________,__________,___________,______,_________.
QuestionsonLectureIII
*Langueisnotsuitableforstudy.
*Paroleisalwaysanaturallyoccurringevent.
*Langueissubjecttopersonalandsituationallimits.
*Aperson'scompetenceisstablebuthisperformanceisofteninfluencedbypsychologicalandsocialfactors.
*Aspeaker'sperformancedoesnotalwaysmatchhiscompetence.
*Theobjectofstudyistheidealspeaker'scompetence.
*Linguisticpotentialactuallyreferstoalotofpossibilitiestochoosefrom.
*Thelinguisticpotentialvsactuallinguisticbehaviordistinctionisonebetweenwhataperson“knows”andwhathe“does”.
习题2
ExercisesforLectureIV
*_______and______arethetwomajormediausedbynaturallanguagesforcommunication.
*Thelimitedrangeofsoundswhicharemeaningful&ofinteresttophoneticiansarecalled______________ofL.
*Phoneticsisthestudyofphonicmediumoflanguage,i.e.,thestudyofthe__________,____________and___________ofspeechsounds.
*Phoneticsstudiesspeechsoundsfromthreedifferentangles.Accordingly,itcanbefurtherclassifiedintothreesub-branches:
__________phonetics,________phoneticsand________phonetics.
*Thespeechorgansarealsocalledthe____________,whosesecondaryuseistoproduce_____________.
ExercisesforLectureIV
*Thespeechorgansarecontainedinthreeimportantareasorcavities:
the________________,the________andthe___________.
*Atthetopofthetracheaisthe______,thefrontofwhichistheAdam’sapple.
*The____cavitymakesthegreatestmodificationofspeechsounds.
*Soundsproducedwhilethevocalcordsarevibratingarecalled______________.
*[f,s,p]areofthe________________.
*__________aresoundsproducedbysomeformofobstructionoftheairstreamandmaybeeithervoicedorvoiceless.
ExercisesforLectureIV
*For__________consonants,theobstructiontakesplacebetweenthelowerlipandthefrontupperteeth.
*________consonantsaremadebycompletelyshuttinguptheairpassageatsomepointsinthemouthandloweringthesoftpalatetolettheairgooutthroughthenose.
*ThatdifferentLshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis________.
*________areproducedinSindhiwhichusesthepharynxairtopushdownthelarynxsothattheairissuckedintothemouth.
*The_____ofasounddependsontherateofvibrationofthevocalcords
ExercisesforLectureIV
*Phoneticsalsostudiesthesoundofone’scough.
*Phoneticsisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.
*Thebranchofphoneticswhichstudiestheperceptionofspeechsoundsiscalledacousticphonetics.
*Whenthevocalcordsareheldtightly,thereisonlyanarrowpassagebetweenthem.Thisisthepositionwhenoneisbreathingnormally.
*Allvowelsandnoconsonantsareproducedwiththevibrationofvocalcords.
*GlottalstopoccursintheEnglishlanguage.
*TheEnglishspokensounds,likeanyotherlanguage,aregenerallydividedintotwomainclasses:
vowelsandconsonants.
ExercisesforLectureIV
*Speechsoundsarelimitedinnumber.
*Ofthetwomediaoflanguage,writingismorebasicthanspeech.
*Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,isacousticphonetics.
*Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.weareallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.
习题3
Exercises
*Justasaphonemeisthebasicunitinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.
*Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsthatcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesarefreemorphemes.
*Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeaddediscalledastem,whichcanbeaboundroot,afreemorpheme,oraderivedformitself.
*Prefixesusuallymodifythepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,notthemeaningofit.
*Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthesecondelement,whilethefirstelementreceivessecondarystress.
Theaffix“-ish”inthewordboyishconveysag__________meaning.
*B____morphemesarethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eitherfreeorbound,toformaword.
*D_______affixesareaddedtoaformtocreatewords.
*Therulesgoverningwhichaffixareaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformnewwordsarem___________rules.
*Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,c___________canbeviewedasthecombinationoftwoormorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.
Exercises
*Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonword“television”isa(n)___.A.boundmorphemeB.boundform
C.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme
*Thepartofspeechofthecompoundisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof___.
A.thefirstelementB.thesecondelement
C.eitherthefirstorthesecondelement
D.boththefirstandthesecondelement
*____isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
A.PhoneticsB.PhonemeC.MorphologyD.Morpheme
Exercises
*____modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.
A.PrefixesB.Suffixes
C.RootsD.Affixes
*____areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.
A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences
*“-s”intheword“books”is____.
A.aderivativeaffixB.astem
C.aninflectionalaffixD.aroot
Theword“internationalists”contains___morphemes.
A.4B.5C.6D.7
习题4
ExercisesforLectureX
*Syntaxisasubfiedoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,includingthecombinationofmorphemesintowords.
*ThetermsyntaxcamefromLatin.
*Sentencesarecomposedofsequenceofwordsarrangedinasimplelinearorder,withoneaddingontoanotherfollowingasimplearithmeticlogic.
*Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeofalanguagespeakerareknownaslinguisticcompetence.
*Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.
*Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.
*Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.
*Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules.
*Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.
*InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.
*InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.
*Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanativespeakerisacompletelistofwordsandphrasesratherthangrammaticalknowledge.
*Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.
*Itisbelievedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.
*WH-movementisobligatoryinEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.
*Therecursivenessofphrasalstructuralrulesshowsthatlanguagehasapropertyof“beingcreative”.
*As________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.
*As______isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.
*As______maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.
*Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverboraverbphraseandwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalledp____.
*Ac_________sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.
*Inthecomplexsentence,theincorporatedorsubordinateclauseisnormallycalledane_______clause.
*Majorlexicalcategoriesareo___categoriesinthesensethatnewwordsareconstantlyadded.
*A_____Conditiononcaseassignmentstatesthatacaseassignorandacaserecipientshouldstayadjacenttoeachother.
*P_______aresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamongnaturallanguages.
*ThetheoryofC_____conditionexplainsthefactthatnounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.
*Asentenceisconsidered____whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.
A.rightB.wrong
C.grammaticalD.ungrammatical
*A__________intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.
A.coordinatorB.particle
C.prepositionD.subordinator
*Phrasestructureruleshave____properties.
A.recursiveB.grammatical
C
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语 语言学 期末 复习 参考