定语从句专项教师用.docx
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定语从句专项教师用.docx
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定语从句专项教师用
定语从句专项教师用
复合句中,修饰某一名词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代名词称为先行句。
定语从句常由关系词来引导,关系次分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词和关系副词不但在句中引导定语从句,而且在定语从句中担任成分。
理清两种关系词:
一.关系代词I.关系代词及其用法
(1)who指人,常在句中作主语。
例如:
Themanisapoliceman.Heisshakinghandswithmyfather.Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherispoliceman.
(2)whom也指人,在从句中作宾语,常常可以省略。
例如:
TheprofessorhasgonetoShanghai.Youwishtoseehim.Theprofessor(whom)youwishtoseehasgonetoShanghai.
(3)whose通常即指人也指物,在从句总常常作定语即whose+n.=n.+ofwhich/whom
例1.Iliveinaroom.Itswindowsfacethesouth.Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth=
例2.Thisisthewomanscientist.Hernameisknownalloverthecountry.
Thisisthewomanscientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry
Thattree,whosebranchesarearealmostbare,isveryold.
(4)which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略
例1.Chinaisacountry.Ithasalonghistory..Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
(5)that既可以指人,又可以指物,,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语里可以省略
例1:
Thewomanusedtolivenextdoor.Shespiketomeintheshop
例2.TherearesomeinterestingTVplays.I’dliketoseethem
注意:
such......as......如此。
。
。
以至于
例如:
Wehaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我们从未听过他讲那样的故事。
As引导定语从句,做tell的宾语
Thesame......as/that......与。
。
。
一样的
例如:
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.(as强调事物的相似性)
她穿着跟她妹妹穿的一样的裙子
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.(that指同一事物)
她穿着她在玛丽的婚礼上传的那条连衣裙。
II.关系副词1、关系副词及其用法
(1)when表示时间,其先行词往往表示时间的名词(time,day,hour,year等)。
例如:
Fromthetimewhenhewaslittle,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhewhenhegrewup.
但如果表示时间的名词作动词的宾语时,这时定语从句that╱which/×用引导
e.g.l.I’llneverforgetthedayswhich╱that/×Ispentwithmygrandmainthecountry.
(2)表示地点,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词(place,room,house,street,area等)。
例如:
ThisisthehousewhereIusedtoliveayearago.
但如果表示地点的名词作动词的宾语时,这时定语从句用引导that/which/×
Thisisthehousethat/which/×wesawatthefootofthehill.
(3)表示原因,常用先行词thereason后面。
例如:
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.
但如果作先行词thereason动词的宾语时,这时定语从句用引导that/which/×
Thisisthereasonwhich/that/×heexplainedtousjustnow.
Thereasonwhich/thatshegivesfornotcomingtothejpartyisthathermotherwon’tlether.
Isthatthereasonwhyyouareinfavouroftheproposal?
GivemeonegoodreasonwhyIshouldhelpyou.
III、“介词”+which╱whom1)介词的确定方法①根据先行词来确定介词。
ThereasonforwhichIcamehereisthatIwanttogetyourhelp.
Yesterdaywehadameetingatwhichwediscussedmanyproblems.
Thisisthetrainbywhichwetravelledyesterday.
Thefreezingpointisthetemperatureatwhichwaterchangesintoice.
②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。
Thedog,ofwhichsheusedtobeafraidisherfavoriteanimalnow.
Thisisthemanfromwhomwemustlearn.
Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsofwhichyouarenotsure.
③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
Water,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.
Thisisthemap,withoutwhichwecouldn’tarrivedhereontime.
2)介词的位置
(1)介词一般放在关系代词which或whom之前,但也可放在原来的位置上。
如:
ThisisthemanformwhomIlearnedthenews.=Thisistheman(that╱whom)Ilearnedthemewsform.
从上句我们可以看出,引导词如果不是跟在介词后做宾语,不仅可以用that和whom,而且还可省略。
但要注意:
介词和从句中的动词是固定词组时,这个介词一般不前置。
如:
Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingaftorareveryhealthy.
(2)名词+ofwhich╱whom此结构可替换为“whose+名词”结构。
Thisisthemanthesonofwhomisafamouswriter.
(3)不定代词+ofwhich╱whom在这一结构中,常用的不定代词有all,any,both,each,none,some,most等。
Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.
(4)数次+ofwhich╱whom这一结构中的数词,既可以是基数词和序数词,也可以是分数词和百分数词。
Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,fiveofwhichwereEnglishnovels.
Inourfactoryare800workers,40percentofwhomarewomen.
(5)形容词最高级+ofwhich╱whomShehassixchildren,thecleverestofwhomisJohn.
(6)介词+which+名词Ioftengetupatsix,atwhichtime╱whenitisstillverydarkinwinter.
HevisitedAmericaandCanada,inwhichcountries╱wherehehadagoodtime.
IV、关系副词与介词的关系
(1)at/in/on/during+which可代替when,在定语从句中作时间状语。
例如:
Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich=whenIjoinedthearmy.
(2)at/in/to+which可代替where,在定语从句中作地点状语。
例如:
Whatisthenameofthetowninwhich=wherewestayedyesterday?
(3)forwhich=why,在定语从句中作reason的定语。
例如:
Idon’tknowthereasonforwhich=whyhelefthereforJapan.
IIV、that和which的区别:
1、which可以引导非限制性定语众句,that不能。
例如:
Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.
2、which之前可以有介词,而that之前则不能有。
例如:
ThatisthehouseinwhichMarkTwainusedtolive.
3、一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用that引导,另一个必须用which引导例如:
HeboughtanAmericanmagazinethatcouldgivehimsomuchEnglishknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.他买了本既可以丰富他英语知识又可以消磨时间的美国杂志
注意:
两者常可互换,但在下列情况下一般只用that,而不用which或who.
(1)当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything等时。
IhavesaidallthatIwantto
(2)当先行词被最高级、序数词以及thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰时。
ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.
(3)当先行词被all,little,much,some,any,no,every等词修饰时。
例如:
Thereislittleworkthatyoucando.几乎没有你能做的事。
(4)当先行词由指人、物的两个并列的名词构成时。
Theytalkedaboutthemenandthethingsthattheysaw.
(5)当主句是以which或who开头的特殊问句时。
Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight?
他昨天晚上住的是哪一家旅馆?
Whoisthewomanthatshookhandswithyoujustnow?
刚才与你握手的那位妇女是谁?
(6)当引导词在从句中作表语时。
Chinaisn’tthecountrythatitwas.中国已不是过去的那个样子了。
在下列的情况下通常只用which而不用that。
(1)关系代词前有介词,即关系代词直接做宾语时。
ThisistheshipbywhichwewenttoJapan.这时我们去日本乘坐的船。
IIIV.定语从句中谓语动词的单复数
1、如关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
Doyouknowtheboywhoisstandingunderthetree?
2、在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,复数名词是先行词,引导词在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词复数。
但当one前有theonly,且one是先行词时,定于从句的谓语动词要用单数。
如:
HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoBeijing.他是去过北京的学生之一。
HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentoBeijing.他是唯一去过北京的学生。
一、定语从句基本用法练习题:
一、用whowhomwhichthatwhoseas填空
1.1.Ilikethebook______youlenttome.
2.Theboy___isstudyingnearthedoorismybrother.
3.Theyplantedtheflowers____________didn’tneedmuchwater.
4.Thedictionary_______myfatherboughtformeisveryusefulto.
5.Theteacher_____wenttoseemeyesterdayisMr.Li.
6.Thegirl____ItalkedwithjustnowwillgotoBeijing.
7.Mr.Readistheperson____youshouldwriteto.
8.Heistheboy____fatherisadoctor.
9.Doyouknowtheownerofthehouse_____windowsfacesouth?
10.Thebossin________departmentMr.Kingworkedcalledatthehospital.
11.Istillremembertheday_____ismybirthday.
12.______wehaveseen,theearthisround.13.________weknow,TaiWanbelongstoChina.
14.Theroad_____hasnowbeenbuiltstrongerwasdestroyedintheearthquake.
15.Thesoldiershavesavedthepeople____wereindanger.16.Thewaiter____servedusteawasveryfriendlyandpolite.
17.Adictionaryisabook____youcanusetolearnmorewords.
18.Whatwasthenameofthefarmer____discoveredthetombofQinShiHuang.
19.Thebus____runseveryhalfhourgoestotheairport.
20.Theyaretalkingaboutthethingsandpeople________theysawthereyesterday.
21.Iliketheman____hewastenyearsago.
22.Thisistheboy___Ihavebeenlookingfor
23.Thisisthefilm_____Ihaveeverseen.
二、定语从句的基本用法练习:
(一)、用whywherewhenwhichthat填空
1.Idon’tknowthereason_____hedidn’tcome.2.Theistheschool____westudyeveryyear.
3.Thisistheschool_________wevisitedyesterday.
4.Itistheplace____hewasborn.5.Itistheplace_____hewasbornin.
6.Itistheplacein______hewasborn.7.Itisintheplace______hewasborn.
8.Theshop_____XiaoMingworkssellsphotocameras.
9.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse____thegreatwriterusedtolive.
10.Myfatherwasbornintheyear____theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.
11.Thereareseveralreasons____wecan’tdothat.12.Iwillneverforgettheday____Ifirstmetyouattheairport.
13.Canyouthinkoutasituation___thisidiomcanbeused?
14.Iwillforgettheday_____Ispentwithmygrandma.
15.Iwillremembertheday_____IenteredNo.1middleschool.
16.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse____theywererepairing.
17.Thereason_____hewaslatefortheclassisthathismotherwasill.
18.Thisisthereason_______hegaveus.
一、复习定语从句得基本用法:
1. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?
A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one2. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one3. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?
A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one4. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that
5. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night. A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that
6. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night. A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that
7. Didn’t you see the man __________?
A. I nodded just nowB. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just nowD. I nodded to just now
8. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?
A. that you talkedB. you talked about it C. which you talked withD. you talked about
9. ---- “How do you like the book?
”---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”
A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what
10. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget. A. whichB. whenC. on whichD. about which
11. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?
A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that
12. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?
A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in that
13. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. whichB. whoC. thatD. /
14.Thereason____shegivesfornotcomingtothepartyis
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