届二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 1Word文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:1179677
- 上传时间:2023-04-30
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:15
- 大小:241.95KB
届二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 1Word文档格式.docx
《届二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 1Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《届二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 1Word文档格式.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
2.(2017全国二卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,that→whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.
3.(2017全国三卷)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingsthey→that/whichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:
carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.
1.关系代词和关系副词的错用;
2.that和which的错用;
3.关系代词和关系副词的缺失
定语从句与语法填空
定语从句与短文改错
1.解答定语从句类考题,关键是分析句子结构,找准先行词,确定从句所缺的成分。
如果从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语,引导词需用关系代词;
如果缺少状语,引导词则用关系副词。
确定所缺成分之后,再看先行词是人还是物,是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词等,从而确定最后的答案。
2.若先行词指人,“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom,若指物,则用which。
3.牢记that与which的区别。
1.根据先行词的性质,判断关系词的使用是否正确;
2.根据引导词在定语从句中所作的成分来判断引导词的使用是否正确。
作主语、宾语或表语用关系代词which/that/who/whom/as;
作定语用关系代词whose;
作状语用关系副词when/where/why;
作介词宾语用关系代词which/whom。
3.判断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是限制性定语从句,从而判断句中引导词的使用是否正确。
必备知识梳理
考点一关系代词引导的定语从句:
一.who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语,whom在从句中只作宾语,两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。
作主语时,who/that不可省略;
作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。
I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool(who/whom/that)ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
(2017全国卷阅读七选五)Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplethat/whoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.
2.whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。
指物时相当于ofwhich,指人时相当于ofwhom。
(2016全国二卷阅读理解)Ihadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.
二.that、which引导的定语从句
1.which指物,常在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
that指人或物均可,常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。
Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichhadbeenconstructedthreeyearsbefore.
(2016天津卷阅读表达)EverydayIpracticedreadingandwriting,whichIusedtoavoidasmuchaspossible.
2.限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that不用which的情况:
(1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、littlefew、theone等时;
Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’sfault.
(2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时;
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.
(3).先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。
TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.
(4).先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。
Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatthey’veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.
3.关系代词只用which而不用that的情况:
(1).关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.
(2017全国三卷阅读理解)Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.
易错提示
which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句整句话的内容时只能位于主句之后。
Hekeptlyingtome,whichannoyedmegreatly.
(2).关系代词前有介词时。
Weliveinanageinwhichinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
三.as引导的定语从句
1.as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“such/thesame+先行词+as…”结构中。
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.
2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。
常用的类似的插入语有asthesayinggoes、asissaidabove、asismentionedabove、asoftenhappens、asisoftenthecase、asisreportedinthenewspaper等。
“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.
考点二关系副词引导的定语从句:
一.where引导的定语从句
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+which”
(2016天津卷阅读表达)IwenttoaspecialschoolwhereIgotplentyofextrahelp.
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point、activity、atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导。
Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.
二.when引导的定语从句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。
(2016天津卷9)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.
三.why引导的定语从句
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“介词+which”。
Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeeting?
非限制性定语从句中,用forwhich表示原因而不用why。
Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.
考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句:
一.介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。
另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。
一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:
(1).先行词的意义;
(2).从句中的动词或形容词的固定搭配;
(3).句子的意思。
TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichGreensaredevoted.(bedevotedto“献身、热衷、致力于”)
IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegonethisfar.
RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,whoseprice(=thepriceofwhich)wasveryreasonable.
二.“of+关系代词引导的定语从句”
在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系可以用ofwhich/whom。
Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarehisfamilymembers.
A卷真题卷
单句填空题
1.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005---whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram______________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers---and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.
2.ButSarah,______________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.
3.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,______________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.
4.Simonisacomedianandactor______________has10years’experienceofteachingcomedy.
5.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostof______________haveneverbeforebeenpublished.
6.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,______________livedfromroughly551to479BC,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.
7.WhenIwas13myonlypurposewastobecomethestaronourfootballteam.ThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKing,______________wasthebestplayeratourschool.
8.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver______________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.
9.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,______________helpsthemkeepfit.
10.Manywesterners______________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.
11.Kate,______________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.
12.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodPrograme,oneof______________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.
13.Ilivenextdoortoacouple______________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.
14.Manyyoungpeople,mostof______________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.
15.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof______________hasbeenproved.
16.Thenumberofsmokers,______________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.
17.Itisatrulydelightfulplace,______________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.
18.Creatinganatmospherein______________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.
19.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof______________werepublishedinthe1990s.
20.Thebooksonthedesk,______________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.
21.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon______________schooleducationdepends.
22.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,______________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.
23.Theexactyear______________AngelaandherfamilylivedtogetherinChinawas2008.
24.Acompany______________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.
25.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonth,______________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.
26.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,______________isquiteunexpected.
答案解析:
1.that/which先行词是物,空格在从句中做主语,故用关系代词;
2.who分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,缺少主语,先行词是Sarah;
3.when分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词是mid-1980s,从句缺少状语,故用关系副词;
4.who/that分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是人,用关系代词;
5.which此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词是image,故用which;
6.who分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词是人,从句缺少主语;
7.who分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词是人,从句缺少主语;
8.that/which分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,从句中缺少主语,故用that或which;
9.which分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中做主语,指代前面整个句子的内容,故用which;
10.who/thatwesterners是先行词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语;
11.whosewhose在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰sister;
12.whosewhose在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰purpose;
13.whose先行词是couple,由语境可知children和couple是所属关系,故用whose;
14.whom分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词是people,在逻辑上是介词of的宾语,故用whom;
15.which分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词为theories,作介词of的宾语;
16.asas在此处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示正如……,代替整个主句的内容;
17.whichwhich引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词place且在从句中作主语;
18.which先行词为atmosphere,在从句中作逻辑上的地点状语,此处inwhich=where;
19.which分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,关系代词which指代的前面的books;
20.whose先行词books和covers之间是逻辑上的所属关系,故用whose;
21.which此处是一个定语从句,先行词表物,故用关系代词作介词upon的宾语;
22.which先行词指前面的整个主句,空格处在从句中作主语,故用which;
23.when先行词year在定语从句中是逻辑关系上的状语,故用when;
24.whose先行词company和profits是逻辑上的所属关系,故用whose;
25.which分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,先行词targets在定语从句中作set的宾语,故用which;
26.which先行词是前面的整个主句,空格处在定语从句中作主语;
故用which。
单句改错题
1.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.
2.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.
1
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 二轮复习语法专项定语从句 学案 二轮 复习 语法 专项 定语 从句