IELTS.docx
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IELTS.docx
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IELTS
雅思考试总论
1.什么是雅思考试
雅思考试(IELTS-InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem,国际英语语言测试系统)是一种较全面地针对听说读写四项能力的、为打算到英语国家学习、工作或定居的人们设置的英语水平考试。
雅思考试由剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部、英国文化协会及IDP教育集团所共同拥有,由剑桥大学测试中心统筹管理。
2.雅思的计分方式及考题类别
(1)计分方式:
雅思分Listening、Reading、Writing、Speaking四大项目,各项目独立计分,最后所得成绩取四项成绩的平均值。
IELTS的满分为9分,成绩能达到9分者,代表其英语能力与母语为英语的人能力相当,反之若只考一分者则代表其不具有英语能力。
(2)考试组别分类:
Reading与Writing部分采取分组方式,共分为Academic和GeneralTraining两组;Listening和Speaking两项则不分组。
(A)Academic:
适用于申请正式课程者,例如研究所、大学、专科学校或要求此组别者。
(B)GeneralTraining:
适用于申请移民者及欲申请学校要求此组别者。
听力
1雅思听力考试的基本模式(30+10)
(1)听力时间30分钟,四道大题,共40个问题。
后10分钟时间誊写答案
(2)考试试卷可以用来做笔记,但是最后要誊写到答题纸上
2雅思听力考试评分标准
10-12=4
13-15=4.5
16-19=5
20-22=5.5
23-26=6
27-29=6.5
30-32=7
33-34=7.5
35-36=8.0
37-38=8.5
39-40=9
3雅思听力考试的基本范围
听力通常有四段录音,四十个问题,考试内容以大量的真实的语言环境为素材,前两段内容为涉及一般生活及社会形态、人际关系等的survivalenglish生存英语,即基本日常生活英语;例:
租赁房屋、打车、购物、度假、交友等;
后两段则为涉及教育性、学术性、世界性等内容的academicenglish学术、校园英语例:
如何使用图书馆、如何使用计算机实验室、如何做课外研究话题、如何与教授谈论论文、如何讨论问题等。
雅思听力考试中极少可能会考到新闻。
4雅思听力的6个基本特点
(1)国际口音:
其中含英音(50%),美音(20%),澳音(20%),其他(10%)
(2)四段叙述:
section1和section3是对话(dialogue),section2和section4是陈述(monologue);一般来说,section1到section4难度递增,每个section放音时间6分钟左右。
(3)边听边做(要训练快速阅读的读题能力,尤其是对选择题);要求大家手、眼、耳并用,建议把《四级词汇速听速记》上1000多单词全部听写一遍
(4)顺序原则:
听力录音中答案出现的顺序,与试卷题目顺序一致
(5)语法的高容忍度(雅思评卷时,如果考生可以让评分官明白考生要表达的意图,那么他的表达就是有效的)
(6)题型多样
5雅思听力主要题型
IELTS考试听力部分的题型多样,主要的题型有:
题型1
完成填表/记笔记/流程图/总结
题型2
选择题
题型3
填空题
题型4
完成句子
题型5
为图表、计划或地图进行标记
题型6
分类
题型7
配对
阅读
1.雅思阅读选材
雅思阅读选题非常广泛,包括世界范围的就业状况、教育状况、经济问题、语言学、考古学、生物学、种族、民族问题、女性歧视问题、环境保护及环境污染、人口爆炸及居住问题、城市化问题、地球灾难、地理现象、外星生物探讨、人类历史发展中的重要事件、重要任务及重要标志性产品等。
2.雅思阅读题型
主旨类:
1.标题对应Listofheadingsthattestsyourabilityofgraspthemainideaofeachparagraph
Example1:
Pleasechoosethemostsuitableheadingsforparagraphslistedbelow.
NBTherearemoreheadingsthanparagraphs,soyouwillnotusethemall.
Listofheadings
1.Typesofintelligence
2.Emotionalawareness
3.DifferencesbetweenIQandEQ
4.Definingemotionalintelligence
5.EQ,moreimportantthanIQ
6.Handlinginterpersonalrelationship
7.Sometipstoimproveemotionalintelligence
8.Self-motivation
9.Thesignificanceofemotionalintelligence
10.Managingone’semotions
1.ParagraphA:
2.ParagraphB:
3.ParagraphC:
4.ParagraphD:
5.ParagraphE:
2.最佳标题Besttitlethattestsyourabilitytograspthegistofthewholepassage.
Example2:
Selectthebesttitlefortheentirepassage:
A.Thetouristindustry
B.Someeconomicbenefitsoftourism
C.Themultipliereffect
D.Howtoimprovetourism
3.概述题Summarythattestsyourabilitytounderstandthemainideaofalargeareaofthetextandexpressthesameideaindifferentways.
Example3:
Completethesummarybelow.Chooseyouranswersfromthelistbelowthesummary.
NBTherearemorewordsthanspaces,soyouwillnotusethemall.
Trustisa_1_thing.Once2__,itaffordsustremendousfreedom;butoncetrustislost,itwouldimpossibleto_3_.Ofcoursethetruthisweneverknowwhowecantrust:
thosewhowereclosestcan_4_us;andtotalstrangerscancometoour_5_.Intheend,mostpeopledecidetotrustonlythemselves—itreallyisthesimplestwaytokeepfromgettingburned.
Listofwords
Preciousearneddifficultbetray
Ruinedfragileshowloyaltytorescue
Recoverside
细节类:
1.判断题TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVENorYES/NO/NOTGIVENthattestsyourabilitytoidentifyandunderstanddetailedlogicalargumentsoropinioninthepassage.
Example4:
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
FALESEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
Aprevalentattitudeamongstmanynursesinthegroupselectedforstudywasthattherewasnorewardorrecognitionfornotutilizingthepaidsickleaveentitlementallowedthemintheiremploymentconditions.
Ifthenursesdonotusetheirpaidsickleave,theywillgetrewarded.
2.配对题Matchingthattestsyourabilitytolocatespecificinformationwithitsrelevantfeatures.
Example5:
Matchthetheorieswiththefollowingstatements
A.BehaviorismB.Humanism
1.dominatestheoryofhumans’behaviorbefore1960s.
2.emphasizesthesignificanceofcognitivelearning.
3.maintainsthatrotelearningisaneffectivewaytomemorizeinformation.
4.suggestslearningtoknow‘why’and‘how’ismoreimportantthanknowing‘what’only.
5.impliesthestimulus-responsemodelisthekeyPointinlearning.
3.填空题Gap-fillingthattestsyourabilitytolocaterightinformationinapassage.
Example6:
Completethesentencebelowwithwordstakenfromthepassage.
UseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.
Dinosaurskullsarefoundinagreatrangeofshapesandsizes,reflectingthedifferenteatinghabitsandlifestylesofalargeandvariedgroupofanimalsthatdominatedlifeonEarthforanextraordinary165millionyears.
Dinosaurhadskullsofdifferentshapesandsizesbecauseof…and…
4.简答题Short-answerquestionthattestsyourabilitytolocatetherightinformationinapassage.
Example7:
AnswerthequestionsbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Yetdespiteapositivetreatmentgirlsaremuchlesslikelytopersistattaskfollowingfailure.Girls,moreover,aremorelikelythanboystoattributetheirfailurestolackofability,evenontaskswheretheirabilityexceedsthatofboys.Theseparadoxicalfindingsmightatfirstseemtoindicateaninnatedifferencebetweenboysandgirls,butcarefulstudieshaveidentifiedenvironmentalfactorsthatcanaccountforthem.
Whatisthecauseforthefactthatgirlsregardthemselvesasincompetentfortasks?
5.图表题Table/Flowchart/Diagramthattestsyourabilitytolocateandunderstandaprocess,adiagramoratable.
Example8:
Completethetablebelow.
WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Time
Location
Casualty
1788
830,000
Quatemala
1976
Morethan5,000
6.选择题Multiplechoicethattestsyourabilitytoidentifymainandsupportingpointsandalsotodifferentiatebetweenthem.
Example9:
.
A.
Thelimbicsystem’sstructuresareinvolvedwithmanymotivationalbehaviorssuchasobtainingfood,drinkandsex;withorganizingemotionalbehaviorssuchasfear,angerandaggression;andwiththestoringofmemory.
WhichofthefollowingfunctionsisNOTcontrolledbythelimbicsystem?
A.Eating
B.Learninganewwordbyheart
C.Breathandheartrate
D.Jealousy
B.
Ineverlikedlongwalks,especiallyonchillyafternoons:
dreadfultomewasthecominghomeintherawtwilight,withnippedfingersandtoes,andaheartsaddenedbythechidingsofBessie,thenurse,andhumbledbytheconsciousnessofmyphysicalinferioritytoEliza,JohnandGeorgianaReed.
Theauthormentionsanumberoffactorsthatshehatedwalksoutdoors.WhichTHREEofthefollowingfactorsarementioned?
A.Theweatherwascold.
B.Herauntalwayscursedher.
C.Shewasweakerandnotsoprettyashercousins.
D.Thejourneywaslong.
E.Thecousinssometimesbulliedher.
F.Thecarerusuallyblamedher.
口语
雅思口语考试形式和内容
雅思口语考试概况
时间
11-14分钟
考试程序
考官把考生从候考区叫入考场,考生和考官隔着桌子面对面坐着。
考试开始后,考官会询问学生的全名并要求学生出示身份证件,整个考试过程会被录音,目的在于保证考官正确地执行了考试程序。
考试形式
考试分为三个部分。
首先是一般交谈(introduction),接着是个人陈述(individuallong-run),最后是双向讨论(two-waydiscussion)。
第一部分:
一般交谈(4-5分钟)
进入考场后,考生与考官互致问候。
在核对身份后,考官会问一些关于考生生活、背景等的基本问题。
第二部分:
个人陈述(3-4分钟)
考官给考生一张话题卡(cuecard)。
考生有一分钟准备时间,并可以做笔记。
之后考生要做1-2分钟的陈述。
考生讲完后,考官会就考生的阐述内容提一两个相关问题,由考生做简要回答。
第三部分:
双向讨论(4-5分钟)
考官与考生围绕由第二部分引申出来的一些比较抽象的话题进行讨论。
第三部分的话题是对第二部分提示卡内容的深化和拓展。
1.第一部分
在这一部分,考官介绍自己并确认考生身份,然后开始录音。
考官会以友好的方式开始提问:
Goodmorning.MynameisAndrew.Canyoutellmeyourfullname,please?
WhatshouldIcallyou?
OK,canIseeyouridentification,please?
接下来,在第一部分的开始,考官会问到的问题可能有:
Yourstudiesandjob
Studies:
subjectsstudied,whyyouarestudying,thingsyoulike/dislikeaboutyourcourse,whatqualificationyouwillgain,etc.
Job:
mainresponsibilitiesofjob,thingsyoulike/dislikeaboutit,etc.
在谈完家庭,工作或学习后,考官可能会问到两三个关于考生自己或个人背景的一般性问题。
可能有:
兴趣爱好:
hobbiesandinterests,shoppingandfashion,reading,musicandTV,sportsandexercise,etc.
地域文化:
holidaysandfestivals,birthday,wedding,food,transport,etc.
语言学习:
howlong,mostdifficultaspectoflanguagelearning,etc.
2.第二部分
Example:
TOPICCARD
Describeateacherwhohasgreatlyinfluencedyouinyoureducation.
Youshouldsay:
Whotheteacheris
Whatsubjecthe/shetaught
Whatwasspecialabouthim/her
Andexplainwhytheteacherinfluencedyousomuch
考生草稿要点:
Mr.ChenLi
Sports
Nice,nationalvolleyballteam
Encouragestudents
Interestedineveryone
Nevergiveup
考生说完后,考官会根据所说内容提一到两个追加问题(follow-upquestions),如
DoyourclassmateslikeMr.Chen,too?
Howmuchtimedidyouspendonsportsclasseseveryweekinhighschool?
.
第二部分常见话题
人物题:
Familymembers,friends,filmstars,sportstars,neighbors,teachers,ahappy/successfulperson,children,acharacterinaTVprogrammeorafilm,animals,etc.
地点题:
Roomsandbuildings,aplaceyouwouldliketovisit,anaturalbeautifulplace,alakeorariver,ashop,asupermarket,agardenorapark,etc.
物品题:
Agift,anoldobject,anexpensivethingyouwanttobuy,avehicleorabikeyouwanttohave,acardofaletter,aphoto,atoy,awaytorelax,aspecialmeal,adish,asport,aTVprogramme,afilm,anads,abook,awebsite,asubject,newspapersormagazines,etc.
事件题:
Sportingevents,familyevents,awedding,along-distancetrip,importantchanges,happyeventsinyourchildhood,astoryyouheardwhenyouwereachild,aprojectyoufinishedwithothers,anexhibition,aculturaldifferenceyoufindinteresting,first
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