cisco双机热备.docx
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cisco双机热备.docx
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cisco双机热备
CiscoHSRP的配置双机热备经典案例
HSRP一般用于两台,也可以用于多台。
必须在每台起HSRP上的路由器上配置。
When the HSRP is configured on a network segment, IT provides a virtual Media Access Control (MAC) address and an IP address that is shared among routers in a groupof routers that is running HSRP. One of these devices is selected by the protocol to be the active router. The active router receives and routes packets destined for the group's MAC address. For n routers running HSRP, there are n + 1 IP and MAC addresses assigned.
但是aceive只有一台,standby只有一台,其实其他的都在监听状态。
所以zyx说的是处在active和standby的状态的只有两台。
附一个配置实例:
version 12.0
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname r1
!
enable password cisco
!
ip subnet-zero (新版的IOS都支持全0/1子网)
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 136.147.107.101 255.255.0.0
no ip redirects
no ip directed-broadcast
standby 150 timers 5 15 /* 定义150组5秒交换一次hello信息,15秒没收到 hello信息就开场切换 */
standby 150 priority 110 /* 定义150组的主路由器权值,值越大,为主路由器希望越大 */
standby 150 preempt /* enable 150组的hsrp抢占功能 */
standby 150 authentication cisco /* 设置150组的router身份验证串 */
standby 150 ip 136.147.107.100 /* 定义150组的浮动地址,也是这台router
连接的网络的网关 */
standby 150 track Ethernet0 /* 定义监控的端口 */
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
no fair-queue
!
ip classless
!
!
line con 0
transport input none
line 1 16
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end
配置根本HSRP例子:
提问 "当主用路由器当掉以后备份路由器可以接收主用路由器的IP地址和MAC地址
答复
Router1:
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1
Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
Router2:
Router2#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110 (默认priority is 100)
Router2(config-if)#exit
Router2(config)#end
Router2#
注释 由于HSRP虚拟出来的MAC地址跟组相关,所以可能会出现同一交换机收到多个一样的MAC地址的情况,这时候就需要用standby 1 mac-address 0000.0c07.ad01 命令来人工指定一个MAC地址
提问 强制某个路由器启动后一直在组中处于主用状态
答复
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End wITh TL/Z.
Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
Router2#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt delay 60 (最好有时延)
Router2(config-if)#exit
Router2(config)#end
Router2#
注释 正常情况下当LAN端口up后就会发生强占,而此时可能网络还没有收敛,所以建议配置强占延迟时间,让路由器启动后过一段时间再发起强占standby 1 preempt delay 60
22.3. 配置HSRP对接口问题追踪的支持
提问 当主用路由器的上联端口出现问题后主动切换到备用路由器
答复
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track Serial0/0 20
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
从12.2(15)T后引入更多可追踪实例
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router1(config)#track 11 interface Serial1/1 ip routing
Router1(config-track)#exit
Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 track 11 decrement 50
Router1(config-if)#end
Router1#
注释 Router1#show track
Track 11
Interface Serial1/1 ip routing
IP routing is Down (hw admin-down, ip disabled)
1 change, last change 00:
12:
48
Tracked by:
HSRP FastEthernet0/0 1
22.4. HSRP负载均衡
提问 在两台或者多台HSRP路由器上实现流量的负载均衡
答复
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
Router1(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2
Router1(config-if)#standby 2 priority 110
Router1(config-if)#standby 2 preempt
Router1(config-if)#exIT
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
Router2#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet1/0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.4 255.255.255.0
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 priority 110
Router2(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
Router2(config-if)#standby 2 ip 172.22.1.2
Router2(config-if)#standby 2 priority 120
Router2(config-if)#standby 2 preempt
Router2(config-if)#exit
Router2(config)#end
Router2#
注释 由于出现两个网关,所以需要在终端设备上分开配置各自的缺省网关。
22.5. HSRP中ICMP重定向
提问 在HSRP中启用ICMP重定向
答复
Router2#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router2(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
Router2(config-if)#no ip redirects
Router2(config-if)#standby redirects disable
Router2(config-if)#exit
Router2(config)#end
Router2#
注释
22.6. 调整HSRP定时器
提问 调整备份路由器接收主用路由器所需时长
答复
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 ip 172.22.1.1
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 priority 120
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 preempt
Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers 1 3
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
注释 缺省Hello包时长为3秒,10秒后会接收,如果主用路由器调整时长,整个组的路由器都要调整为一样的时长。
最短可以到达毫秒Router1(config-if)#standby 1 timers msec 100 msec 300
22.7. 在令牌环网络中使用HSRP
提问 在令牌环网络中配置HSRP
答复
如果只用IP协议配置同前面例子,如果还有其他协议,特别是使用了source-route bridging就用下面的配置方法
Router1#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router1(config)#interface Tokenring0
Router1(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.3
Router1(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1
Router1(config-if)#standby use-bia
Router1(config-if)#standby priority 120
Router1(config-if)#standby preempt
Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#end
Router1#
Router2#configure terminal
Enter configuration mands, one per line. End with TL/Z.
Router2(config)#interface Tokenring0
Router2(config-if)#ip address 172.22.1.2
Router2(config-if)#standby ip 172.22.1.1
Router2(config-if)#standby use-bia
Router2(config-if)#standby priority 110
Router2(config-if)#standby preempt
Router2(config-if)#exit
Router2(config)#end
Router2#
注释 由于令牌环网络会用到设备的MAC地址信息,所以如果HSRP用到虚拟MAC就会出问题,因此在配置中使用了burned-in address (BIA)来代替MAC来防止出现问题HSRP配置:
R1#show run
Building configuration...
Current configuration :
907 bytes
!
version 12.1
no service single-slot-reload-enable
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R1
!
!
!
!
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no ip redirects
duplex auto
speed auto
standby 1 ip 192.168.1.100 /定义1组的浮动地址,也是ROUTER,连接网络的网关standby 1 timers 2 10 /定义1组每2秒交换一次hello信息包,10秒没收到hello信息包就切换standby 1 priority 150 /定义1组的优先级,值越大,优先级越高standby 1 preempt /定义1组的HSRP组的抢占功能standby 1 authentication cisco /定义1组的验证字符standby 1 track Serial1/0 /定义1组的监控口〔可选〕!
interface Serial1/0
ip address 13.13.13.1 255.255.255.0
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
no ip address
shutdown
serial restart-delay 0
!
router rip
version 2
passive-interface FastEthernet0/0
network 13.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0
!
ip classless
ip server
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end
Cisco的热备份路由协议(HSRP)可以在工作站A确实省网关失效时提供一个备份路由器,HSRP可以创立一个具有虚拟MAC地址和虚拟IP地址的虚拟路由器。
假设有两个路由器Bluestudy A和Bluestudy B,通过两路指向路由器Bluestudy C:
对于Bluestudy A,假设E0/0的IP地址为192.168.1.1/24对应部网络是192.168.1.0/24 S0/0的IP地址为192.168.2.1/24 对应外部网络是192.168.2.0/24。
对于Bluestudy B,假设E0/0的IP地址为192.169.1.2/24 对应部网络是192.168.1.0/24 S0/0的IP地址为192.168.3.1/24 对应外部网络是192.168.3.0/24。
虚拟IP地址为192.168.1.3/24
对于Bluestudy C,因与本实验无太大联系,暂时不做说明。
下面给出两只路由器的配置,其中将Bluestudy A作为主路由器,Bluestudy B作为备份路由器。
其中给出Bluestudy A的优先级为120,而Bluestudy B采用默认优先级100,这样就可以使Bluestudy A成为主路由器。
Bluestudy A:
Interface ethernet0/0
Ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
No ip redirects
Standby 1 priority 120
Standby 1 preempt
Standby 1 ip 192.168.1.3
!
interface serial0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
!
router igrp 100
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.2.0
Bluestudy B:
Interface ethernet0/0
Ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Standby 1 preempt
Standby 1 ip 192.168.1.3
!
interface serial0/0
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
!
router igrp 100
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.3.0
只要将相应的下连主机的网关设成 192.168.1.3就可以了.
VRRP的配置
一、设备、线路备份 说明:
1、 当虚拟路由器的IP地址与某一VLAN的IP地址一样时,那么包含此VLAN的设备优先级就立刻升为最高〔255〕,此设备为MASTER,另一个设备为BACKUP
2、 当FLEX1或者FLEX2的任何一台设备DOWN掉,另外一台就起到备份作用,因为ICMP的request和reply的路径存在3、 当断掉FLEX1的V1所连的线或者断掉FLEX2的V2所连的线时, PC1与PC2仍然可以通讯!
因为VRRP可以检查到主备线路的连接状态,起到线路备份的作用。
4、 当断掉FLEX1的V2所连的线或者断掉F
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