四级 四级强化备考阅读练习9.docx
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四级 四级强化备考阅读练习9.docx
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四级四级强化备考阅读练习9
[2010四级]12月四级强化备考:
阅读练习(9)
UnitNine
Passage1
HowtoDealWithDifficultPeople
InNewYorkCityoneday,abusinesswomangotintoataxi.Becauseitwasrushhourandshewashurryingforatrain,shesuggestedaroute."I'vebeenacabby(车夫)for15years!
"thedriveryelled."YouthinkIdon'tknowthebestwaytogo?
"
Thewomantriedtoexplainthatshehadn'tmeanttooffendhim,butthedriverkeptyelling.Shefinallyrealizedhewastooupsettobereasonable.Soshedidtheunexpected."Youknow,you'reright,"shetoldhim."Itmustseemdumbformetoassumeyoudon'tknowthebestwaythroughthecity."
Takenaback,thedriverflashedhisrideraconfusedlookintherear-viewmirror,turneddownthestreetshewantedandgothertothetrainontime."Hedidn'tsayanotherwordtherestoftheride,"shesaid,"untilIgotoutandpaidhim. Thenhethankedme."
Whenyouencounterpeoplelikethiscabdriver,there'sanirresistibleurgetodiginyourheels.Thiscanleadtoprolongedarguments,souredfriendships,lostcareeropportunitiesandbrokenmarriages.Asaclinicalpsychiatrist,I'vediscoveredonesimplebutextremelyunlikelyprinciplethatcanpreventvirtuallyanyconflictorotherdifficultsituationfrombecomingarecipefordisaster.
Thekeyistoputyourselfintheotherperson'sshoesandlookforthetruthinwhatthatpersonissaying. Findawaytoagree.Theresultmaysurpriseyou.
SulkersSteve's14-year-oldson,Adam,hadbeenirritableforseveraldays.WhenSteveaskedwhy,Adamsnapped,"Nothing'swrong!
Leavemealone!
"andstalkedofftohisroom.
Weallknowpeoplelikethis.Whenthere'sproblem,theymaysulk(生闷气) oractangryandrefusetotalk.
Sowhat'sthesolution?
First,SteveneedstoaskhimselfwhyAdamwon'ttalk.Maybetheboyisworriedaboutsomethingthathappenedatschool.OrhemightbeangryathisdadbutafraidtobringitupbecauseStevegetsdefensivewheneverheiscriticized.Stevecanpursuethesepossibilitiesthenexttimetheytalkbysaying,"Inoticedyou'reupset,andIthinkitwouldhelptogettheproblemoutintheopen.ItmaybehardbecauseIhaven'talwayslistenedvery•58•well. Ifso,IfeelbadbecauseIloveyouanddon'twanttoletyoudown."
IfAdamstillrefusestotalk,Stevecantakeadifferenttack:
"I'mconcernedaboutwhat'sgoingonwithyou,butwecantalkthingsoverlater,whenyou'remoreinthemood."
Thisstrategyallowsbothsidestowin:
Stevedoesn'thavetocompromiseontheprinciplethatultimatelytheproblemneedstobetalkedoutandresolved.Adamsavesfacebybeingallowedtowithdrawforawhile.
Noisycritics.Recently,IwascounsellingabusinessmannamedFrankwholendstobeoverbearing(专横的)whenhe'supset.FranktoldmethatIwastooabsent-mindedwithmoneyandthatheshouldn'thavetopayateachofoursessions. Hewantedtobebilledmonthly.
IfeltannoyedbecauseitseemedFrankalwayshadtohavethingshisway.IexplainedthatIhadtriedmonthlybilling,butithadn'tworkedbecausesomepatientsdidn'tpay.Frankarguedthathehadimpeccable(无可挑剔的)creditandknewmuchmoreaboutcreditandbillingthanIdid.
SuddenlyIrealizedIwasmissingFrank'spoint."Youareright,"Isaid."I'mbeingdefensive.Weshouldfocusontheproblemsinyourlifeandnotworrysomuchaboutmoney."
Frankimmediatelysoftenedandbegantalkingaboutwhatwasreallybotheringhim,whichweresomepersonalproblems.Thenexttimewemet,hehandedmeacheckfor20sessionsinadvance!
Therearetimes,ofcourse,whenpeopleareunreasonablyabusiveandyoumayneedtojustwalkawayfromthesituation.Butiftheproblemisonethatyouwantsolved,it'simportanttoallowtheotherpersontokeepsomeself-esteem.There'snearlyalwaysagrainoftruthintheotherperson'spointofview.Ifyouacknowledgethis,heorshewillbelessdefensiveandmorelikelytolistentoyou.
Complainers.Bradisa32-year-oldDetroitchiropractor(按摩师)whorecentlydescribedhisfrustrationwithapatientofhis:
"IaskMr.Barry,'Howareyoudoing?
'andhedumpsouthiswholelifestory-hisfamilyproblemsandhisfinancialdifficulties. Igivehimadvice,butheignoreseverythingItellhim."
Bradneedstorecognizethathabitualcomplainersusuallydon'twantadvice.Theyjustwantsomeonetolistenandunderstand.SoBradmightsimplysay:
"soundslikearoughweek,It'snofuntohaveunpaidbills,peoplenaggingyou,andthispainbesides."Thecomplainerwillusuallyrunoutofgasandstopcomplaining.Thesecretisnottogiveadvice.Justagreeingandvalidatingaperson'spointofviewwillmakethatpersonfeelbetter.
Demandingfriends.Difficultpeoplearen'talways-,angryorjustcomplaining.Sometimestheyaredifficultbecauseofthedemandstheyplaceuponus.Maybeafriendputsyouonthespotwitharequesttorunanerrandforhimwhilehe'soutoftown.Ifyouhaveacrowdedschedule,youmayagreebutendupangryandresentful.Orifyousaynointhewrongway,yourfriendmayfeelhurtandunhappy.Theproblemisthat,caughtoffguard,youdon'tknowhowtodealwiththesituationinawaythatavoidsbadfeelings.
OnemethodI'vefoundhelpfulis"punting". You'repuntingwhenyoutellthepersonyouneedtothinkabouttherequestandthatyou'llgetbackaboutit.Sayacolleaguecallsandpressuresmetogivealectureathisuniversity. I'velearnedtosay, "I'mflattered that youthoughtofme. Let mecheckmyschedule,andI'llcallyouback."
ThisgivesmetimetodealwithanyfeelingsofguiltifIhavetosayno.SupposeIdecideitisbettertodecline;puntingallowmetoplanwhatIwillsaywhenIcallback,"Iappreciatebeingasked,"Imightindicate,"butIfindI'mover-committedrightnow. However,Ihopeyou'llthinkofmeinthefuture."
Respondingtodifficultpeoplewithpatienceandempathycanbetough,especiallywhenyoufeelupset.Butthemomentyougiveupyourneedtocontrolorberight,theotherpersonwillbeginrelaxingandstartlisteningtoyou.TheGreekphilosopherEpictetusunderstoodthiswhenhesaidnearly2,000yearsago,"Ifsomeonecriticizesyou,agreeatonce.Mentionthatifonlytheotherpersonknewyouwell,therewouldbemoretocriticizethanthat!
"
Realcommunicationresultsfromaspiritofrespectforyourselfandfortheotherperson. Thebenefitscanbeamazing.
1. Theprinciplethewriterhasdiscoveredtostopanyconflictfromgoingworseistofindawaytoagree.
2. Thetaxidriverthankedthebusinesswomanbecauseshewasverypolitetohim.
3. Difficultpeoplementionedinthepassageincludethosewhogiveoccasionalcomplaints.
4. Onewaytodealwiththepersonwhoisunreasonablyabusiveistowalkawayfromthesituation.
5. IfMr. BarryhadfollowedBrad'sadvice, hewouldhavesolvedallhispersonalproblems.
6. Whathabitualcomplainersneedisagoodlistener.
7. Itwillendupinunhappinesswhetheryouhavesatisfiedyourfriend'srequestornot.
8. Youwillberewardedwitharealcommunicationifyou______forothers.
9. Adifficultpersoncanbecomearelaxingandgoodconversationalpartnerifyou______yourcontrol.
•60•
10. Accordingtotheauthor,oneeffectivewaytodealwithademandingfriendis______.
Passage2
Agrowingworldpopulationandthediscoveriesofsciencemay11thispatternofdistributioninthefuture.Asmenslowlylearntomasterdiseases,controlfloods,preventfamines,andstopwars,fewerpeopledieeveryyear;andin12thepopulationoftheworldis13increasing.In1925therewereabout2,000millionpeopleintheworld;bytheendofthecenturytheremaywellbeover4,000million.
Whennumbersrisethe14mouthsmustbefed.NewlandsmustbeIboughtundercultivation,orlandalreadyfarmedmadeto15largercrops.Insomeareastheaccessiblelandislargelysointensively16thatitwillbedifficulttomakeitprovidemorefood.Insomeareasthepopulationissodensethatthelandisparceledoutinunitstoo17toallowformuchimprovementinfarmingmethods.Werealargerpartofthisfarmingpopulationdrawnoffintoindustrialoccupations,thelandmightbefarmedmuchmoreproductivelybymodernmethods.
Thereisnowaraceforscience,technology,andindustrytokeepthe 18offoodrisingfasterthanthenumberofpeopletobefed. Newstrainsofcropsarebeingdevelopedwhichwillthrivein 19 climates;irrigationanddry-farmingmethodsbringpoorlandsundertheplough,damsholdbackthewatersofgreatriversto 20 waterforthefieldsinallseasonsandtoprovideelectricpower for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suitparticularsoils; aeroplanesspraycropstodestroyinsects and manyplantdiseases.
A. ensure B. violently C. alter D.harmful E. cultivated F. unique G.transplanted H. yield I.consequence J. output K.extra L. steadilyM.tiny N. unfavorable O.produce
Passage3
Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredsk
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