初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析.docx
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初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析.docx
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初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析
初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作句子的谓语。
其构成形式为"to+动词原形",to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。
一、动词不定式作主语
Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.
=Itisimportanttolearnfromyourfriends.
Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.
=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye.
Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes
.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.
动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。
常见的句式有:
(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.
(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth.
(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.
(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.
句式
(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;
句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。
1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.
A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(甘肃省)
2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.
A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.(北京市海淀区)
4.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.
A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to(安徽省)
二、动词不定式作宾语
在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,forget,remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。
如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。
1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys(山西省)
2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.
A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking(福建省)
3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep(湖南省)
三、动词不定式作宾语补足语
不定式可以用作宾语补足语。
后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
ask,teach,expect,tell,allow等。
1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.
A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith(江苏省)
2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.
A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked(甘肃省)
作句子的表语:
不定式放在be动词后面,用作表语如:
Herdreamistobeapoliceman.
Myjobistohelpthepatient.
Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.
Mydreamistoownarobot.
Thedoctor’ssuggestionistotakemoreexercise.
Thebestwayistotalktoyourparents.
HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer.
四、动词不定式作状语
go,come,try,do/tryone'sbest等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。
1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing(江西省)
2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.
A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns(四川省)
"be+形容词+todosth"结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式
3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear(河北省)
4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled(吉林省)
5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets(甘肃省)
在上述"too+形容词/副词(forsb)todo…"(太……而不能……)和"enough(forsb)todo…"(足以、足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。
6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.(改为意思相同的句子)
Thehole________________________suchafatpandatogothrough.(广东省)
7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.(改为意思相同的句子)
Theiceonthelakewasn't______enough______people__________________.(广东省)
Keys:
6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on
五、动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语时,常放在被修饰的词语之后,与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词或副词,构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。
1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?
A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks(湖北省)
2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo(河南省)
3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith(山东省)
六、不带to的动词不定式
1.在see,watch,hear,feel等感官动词和make,have,let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中,作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。
2.在"hadbetter"后面接不带to的不定式。
1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered(河南省)
2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel(吉林省)
3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.
A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup(陕西省)
4.Iwasmade______myhomeworkintheafternoon.
A.doB.doingC.todoD.did(贵州省)
七、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.
1.MrBlackaskedtheman________thequeue.
A.nottojumpB.tonotjump C.didn'tjumpD.notjump(广西壮族自治区)
2.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisyA.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot(湖北省)
3.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.
A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe(内蒙古自治区)
Key:
1.A2.B3.C
八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别
一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下:
"stoptodosth"意为"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事",
"stopdoingsth"意为"停止正在做的事":
"remembertodosth"意为"记住去做某事"(事还未做),
"rememberdoingsth"意为"记得做过某事"(事已做):
"goontodosth"意为"接着做某事"(做完一事,接着做另一事),
"goondoingsth"意为"继续做某事"(一事未做完接着往下做):
"forgettodosth"意为"忘了做某事"(事还未做),
"forgetdoingsth"意为"忘了曾做过某事"(事已做)。
needtodosth.需要做某事
needdoingsth.需要被做
goontodosth.继续做另一件事
goondoingsth.继续做原来在做的事
trytodo努力、企图做某事;
trydoing实验、试着做某事;
regrettodo对要做的事遗憾;
regretdoing对做过的事遗憾;
can’thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事;
can’thelpdoing禁不住做某事。
1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has(广西壮族自治区)
2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?
——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took(湖北省)
3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?
——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite(湖北省)
4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).(用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)
在see,hear,watch,feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式,也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语,用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束),用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。
5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplane______overmyhead.
A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly(福建省)
6.Awomansawit______whenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen
九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留
在口语中,动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时,第二个动词不定式可以省略,但是to不可省略。
这种用法常见于"begladto","wouldlike(love)to","haveto"等结构中。
1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?
Yes,______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?
A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)
2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?
______.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?
A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mglad C.Yes,I'dlovetoD.I'dlike(大连市)
六、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。
这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。
要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to。
例如:
Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.(作宾语)
Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语)
注意:
单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
Whattodonext?
(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?
)
Whygothere?
(=Whydowe/yougothere?
)
在与why连用时,只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
Whynothavearest?
Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)
Ireallydon’tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)
Thetroubleiswheretoputthemachine.(=whereweshouldputthemachine)
IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglishwell.(=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell)
Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.
Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.
Myquestioniswhentostart.
Pleaseshowushowtousethecomputer.
Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.
二,选择
1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeaching
becauseofpoorhealth.
A.givingupB.togiveup
C.giveupD.givenup
2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.
A.explainedB.toexplain
C.beingexplainedD.explaining
3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.
A.havingbeenB.tohavebeen
C.tobeD.being
4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth
_____forhimwithoutdelay.
A.tohavewovenB.tobewoven
C.tobeweavingD.toweave
5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.
A.learnedB.learning
C.tobelearnedD.tolearn
6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.
---Oh,Iforgot______.
A.turningitoffB.turnitoff
C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff
7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreement
betweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
---Thekey____theproblemistomeet
thedemand____bythecustomers.
A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,made
C.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made
8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?
----Itisaverygood_____.
A.schooltostudyin
B.schoolforchildrentostudy
C.studyingschool
D.schooltostudy
9.---Didyougetajob?
---No,I___,butit’snouse.
A.expectedB.triedto
C.managedtoD.planned
10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___
aheadoftime.
A.tofinishB.finishing
C.beingfinishedD.tobefinished
11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.
----Whynot___therebyboatfora
change?
A.totrytogoB.trygoing
C.totrygoingD.trytogo
12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrom
morningtillnight.
A.TomakeB.Made
C.MakingD.Tohavemade
13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___
forfood.
A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg
14.Theboypretended____whenhismother
entered.
A.readingB.toread
C.tobereadingD.beingread
三、选择
1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy
C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.
A.notmakeB.nottomake
C.notmakingD.don’tmake
3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.
A.expectedB.toexpect
C.tobeexpectingD.expects
4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.toseeB.tobeseen
C.seeingD.see
5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithit
C.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit
6.Themotherdidn’tknow__
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