电气信息类专业英语讲义.docx
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电气信息类专业英语讲义.docx
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电气信息类专业英语讲义
专业英语讲义
教材:
电气信息类专业英语
适用专业:
电气工
主讲教师:
主讲内容
第1章
专业英语的文体特点(1学时)
第2章
专业英语翻译(1学时)
第3章
专业英语文献及其检索和阅读(1学时)
第4章
专业英语论文组织和写作(1学时)
第5章
专业英语阅读材料(20学时)
一参考教材
1电气工程及其自动化专业英语戴文进主编者电子工业出版社
2电气自动化专业英语李久胜主编•哈尔滨工业大学出版社
3科技英语保清主编•中国农业机械出版社.1986
ChapteroneLiteraryFeatureofSpecializedEnglish
1.1Introduction
1Purpose:
TostudyspecializedEnglishaimsattrainingstudents'comprehensionandapplicationablitytospecializedEnglish,andlettingthemtograspsomerequisitespecializedtermsforspecialityreading.basicskillandknowledges.therebytheycanacquirethenewestspecializedknowledge(expertise)forscienceandtechnology.informationdataandotherinformationrelativetospecialitybymeansofEnglish,andpositivelytakepartininternationalinterflowcourseofscienceandtechnology.
2ThedefinitionofspecializedEnglish
[1]:
Ingeneralspeaking,Englishcanbedividedintotwoclasses,oneiscommonEnglishorgeneralEnglishorordinaryEnglishandEnglishforscienceandtechnology,theotherSpecializedEnglishorEnglishforspecial
[2]TherelationofEnglishforscienceandtechnologyandspecializedEnglish
1.2lexicalcharacteristic
AsthedevelopingofEnglish,oldvocabularieseliminategraduallywhilenewonesspringupconstantly.
1.2.1lexicalclassification
1specialtechnicalwordsuchasdiode,substation.
2specialsub-technicalwords
specialsub-technicalwordsarewordsusedincommonbymanyspecialitiesandsubjectswhiletheyhavedifferentmeanings/connotationsindifferentspecialitiesandsubjectssuchaspower,condenser.
3non-technicalwordsusedincommonEnglish.
1.2.2lexicalconstitution
1composition
Suchas:
horsepower,push-pull,powerutilization(noun+noun)
Ice-cold,feedback,power-driven,time-varying,nw-type,dark-blue,
red—ot,fine-looking,ready-made,clear-cutsmall-sized,above-mentioned,far-reaching,overhead,pick-me-up,out-of-door
2conversion
3derivation
4shortening
[1]clippedwordsSuchasad(advertisement),fig(figure),exam(examination),lab(laboratory)Math(mathematics),plane(airplane)
[2]acronymssuchas:
laser-lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation
Radar-radiodetectingandranging,modem-modulatordemodulator
COMSAT,CMOS,MOSFET.RAM,ROM
SPICE(SimulationProgramwithIntegratedCircuitEmphasis)
TOEFL-TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage
[3]initials
Suchas:
AC,DC,CD,VLSIC,EDA,CB,PCB.RMSHVDC
[4]abbreviation
Suchas:
Appx,Fig.Amp.
[5]blending
Suchas:
motel-motoristhotel,positron-positiveelectron.
[6]lettersymbolizing
Suchas:
X-ray,U-shapedmagnet,H-framestructure,Y-connection
[7]namenaming
Suchas:
Ohm'slaw
1.3语法特点
汉语的语法准则是达意,强调意合,语法特点注重“时间顺序”英语的语法准则是完形,强调形合,语法特点注重“空间顺序”,以谓语动词为核心,用各种形式的短语或从句构筑句子框架,讲究空间层次。
SpecializedEnglishmusthavecharacteristicsofobjectivity,accuracyandconciseness.
1广泛地使用被动语态
Suchas:
Othercharacteristic,suchasfrequency,waveshape,andphasebalanceareseldomrecognizedbythecomsumersbutaregivenconstantattentionbyelectricpowerutilityengineers.
所有及物动词都可用于被动语态中,某些不及物动词与介词构成动词短语后也可用于被动语态中。
2广泛地使用非谓语动词
Purpose:
conciseness
[1]动名词:
用动名词短语来取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句.
Suchas:
Whenitisforwardbiased(whenbeingforwardbiased),thediodebeginstoconductwithonlyasmallforwardvoltageacrossit.
[2]分词suchas:
Athree-phasecircuit,as(itwas)pointedoutabove,ismerelyacombinationofthreesinglecircuits.
Thetransistor(whichis)workingwithcorrectpolaritiescanworkasanamplifier.
[3]不定式:
表目的和功能等从句可用不定式短语来代替.
Thefunctionofafuseistoprotectacircuit.
3省略句使用多
常见有以下四种句子成份的省略:
[1]出现在并列复合句中的省略,后面分句与前面分句相同的部分可省略.
Suchas:
Theearthattractsthemoonandthemoontheearth.
[2]某些状语从句中的省略.
Suchas:
If(itis)possible,theopen-loopcontrolapproachshouldbeusedinthissystem.
常用的省略形式的:
Asalreadydiscussed,asexplainedbefore,asindicated(shown)infig.1,aspreviouslymentioned,ifso,whenneeded,wherefeasible,wherepossible.
[3]共用介宾的省略
ItisnecessarytofindoutthecurrentthroughandthevoltageacrossthisR.
[4]由henee(orthus引出的句子可省去谓语动词.
Suchas:
Transistorinthefigurehasitssemiconductormaterialsarrangedp-n-p,heneethenamepnptransistor.
4it句型和祈使句使用多
Itisveryimportant(possible,natural,inevitable---
Itiselear(obvious)---
5复杂长句多
NosomuehlimitationisplaeedonACmotor;heretheonlyrequirementisrelativemotion,andsineeastationaryarmatureandrotatingfieldsystemhavenumerousadvantages,thisarrangementisastandardpraetieeforallsynehronousmotorratedaboveafewkilovolt-amperes.
6后置的形容词短语作定语多
TheinstrumentpresentineludedsomedigitalonesrelativetoDSP.
1.4rhetoriccharacteristic
1generalpresenttenseisinwideuse.
2diagram.chartandformulaareinwideuse
3逻辑-语法作用多
Althoughitisintangible,electricitycanbemeasuredinamountandquality.
Oncetheswitchisfullyon,theon-statevoltageUonwillbeontheorderofavoltorsodependingonthedevice,anditwillbeconductingacurrentIo.
ChaptertwospecializedEnglishtranslation
2.1types.standard.processandbasicstepsoftranslation
1typesoftranslation2standard
3process:
comprehension,expression,check.4stps
2.2lexicaltranslation
1selectmeaningofwords
英语词义比较灵活,词的涵义范围比较宽,富于变化,其词义对上下文的依赖性比较大,独立性较小.wordsdonothavemeanings,peoplehavemeaningforwords.
[1]accordingtotypeofwords
[2]accordingoccasionusedsuchas:
power
[3]accordingto词的搭配习惯
[4]根据句子意思或主谓语的逻辑关系选择词义
Inordertodevelopourpowerindustry,wemustalsolaystressonthedevelopmentandconstructionofnuclearpowerstation.
Thisswitch-modepowersupplycandevelop24VDCvoltage.
Thedevelopmentofnewpowerelectronicdevicesisveryimportanttodeveloppowerelectronictechnology.
[5]根据名词的数选择词义
Noun
meaningofsingular
meaningofplural
device
意见,劝告
报道,消息
dimension
尺寸,维数,量纲
面积,范围
divider
分压器,除法器
两脚规
function
函数,功能
任务,责任
fundamental
基频,基音
基础,原理
main
要点,主要部分
电力线,电网,电源
scale
标度,尺度
天平,称
installation
安装
装置
2词义的引申
[1]词义的转译
Perhapstheonlytroublewithpowertransformerwasthatitwasnotsmallenoughforsomeuses.
Thedifferencesbetweensingle-boardmicrocomputersandsingle-chiponesdonotstophere.
[2]词义的具体化
Otherthingsbeingequal,copperwireischeaperthanaluminumone.
[3]词义的抽象化
HVDCtransmissiondoesnotknowthisproblem.
Threearethreestepswhichmustbetaken,beforewegraduatefromtheintegratedcircuittechnology.
[4]词的搭配
Suchas:
Thesevacuumtubeswillseeuseintheoutputstage.
3词量的变化
[1]增词
Electronicsisthescienceoftheelectrons电子学是研究电子的一门科学.
Noisesmaydevelopinawornengine。
Mostofthemodernpumpedstoragepowerstationutilizeareversiblepumpturbine。
Aforcecansetabodyinmotion。
Havingalotofadvantages,thisimportedforeignDCmachinewilleventuallybedisplacedbyhome-madeone.
尽管这台进口直流电机有很多优点,但它总有一天会被国产直流电机取代.
Itwillbeseenthattheprocessesaboveinvolveachangeineitherthemagnitudeorthedirectionofthecurrentofthesurgearrester
能够预见,上述过程不是涉及避雷针电流大小的变化,就是涉及其方向的变化.
[2]重复
Itiscalledclassicaloneifcontroltheoryisbasedoninput-outputrelationship;smodernoneifcontroltheoryisbasedondirectuseofthedifferentialequationsthemselves。
Somestudentswanttostopthistes,tbutheprefernotto。
Canyouroughlygivethestaticanddynamiccharacteristicsaboutthispowersupplyapparatus?
你能大致给出这个电源装置的静态特性和动态特性吗?
[3]减词
Inthepast,toflytothemoonwasoutofthequestion。
过去飞往月球是不可能的事情.
Inthesedays,toflytothemoonisoutofquestion。
现在飞往月球是不成问题的.
TheTVsetsproducedbyourfactoryaregoodinqualityandlowinprice.我厂生产的电视机物美价廉.
Thepaperoncomputercontroltechnologyisthoughtofconsiderablevalueforreference.
这篇有关计算机控制技术的论文被认为有相当大的参考价值.
Becauseheatdoesnottakeupanyroomanditdoesnotweighanything,itisnotmaterial.
热不占有任何空间,也没有什么重量,因此它不是物质.
Therearetwokindsofnewtheoriesatpresent,neuralnetworkandwaveletones,whichareusedinsignalprocessing.
目前有两种新理论,即神经网络理论和小波理论,它们都能用于信号处理.
4词序变动
[1]多个单个词汇都作前置定语
[2]多个单个副词作状语
[3]复合词
5词性转换英语中名词使用较多,动词使用较少,一个简单句中只有一个谓语动词,其他动词应该是动词的非谓语形式.而汉语中动词使用较多,而且英语中一词多义,一词多类现象极为普遍,因此,翻译时词类不能对等.
Communicationsatelliteshavefoundapplicationininternationallivetransmissionofimportantevents通信卫星已经用来实况转播国际间的重要事件.
Theadoptionofthisnewdevicewillgreatlydowntheharmoniccontentofvoltagesandcurrent.
采用这个新装置可大大降低电压和电流中的谐波含量.
Areyoufamiliarwiththedrawbacksofthistypeofoperationalamplifier.你熟悉这尖运算放大器弊端吗?
Laseractsdifferentlyfromlightfromcommonsources.激光的作用与普通光源发出的光不同.
Theresonantinalinearcircuitmeansthattheterminalvoltageandcurrentareinphase.
线性电路中谐振的意思就是端电压与电流同相位.
2.3句子成份的翻译
1语序变动
Currentsourcesdonotexistinnature实际上不存在电流源.
Thetriggeringcircuitstobedescribedinthischapterareparticularlyuseful.本章要介绍的这些触发电路特别有用.
Thebranchofscience,artificialintelligence,isdevelopingrapidly。
Itisthebestwayimaginable.这是能想象出来的最好方法.
Theinstrumentspresentincludedsomedigitalonesunexposed.到场的仪器中还有一些末公开的数字仪器.
2句子成份的转换
Theoryofwavelettransformischaracterizedbyanextensiveuseofmaths.
Thenewdevicesfeaturewideworktemperaturerange,lowoperationvoltageandhighreliability。
新器件的特点是工作温度范围宽,工作电压低和可靠性高.
Thescaleoftheammeterisreadinampere
This150KWgeneratorpossessesanefficiencyof92percentatfullload.满载时,这台150千瓦发电机的效率是92%.
Attentionisnecessarytopreventtheelectronicinstrumentfromdamaging.必须注意防止电子仪器损坏.
3句子成份分译
Thereisalimittohighertransmissionvoltagewhichcanbeeconomicallyemployedinaparticularcase更高的输电电压有一个限度,从经济上看它在具体情况下是可采用的.
Theoperationisadaptiveinthesensethatthetap-adjustmentinformationisderivedfromthereceiveddata.
抽头增益调节的信息是根据所接收的数据推
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