大学英语精读第二版第一册unit10语言点.docx
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大学英语精读第二版第一册unit10语言点.docx
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大学英语精读第二版第一册unit10语言点
LanguagePoints
Mandela’sGarden
.
(1)Ahappycombinationofabstractandspecificwords
(ofwords,ideas,behavior,etc)
wellsuitedtothesituation;pleasing
.Abstractwords:
.liberating;takesatisfactionin;fulfilled;takepridein;thecontact;freedom;cultivate;nourish
.Specificwords:
.Underlinethespecificwordsinpara.1andpara.2.
.
(2)Theuseofparallelstructures
.Similarityofstructureinapairorseriesofrelatedwords,phrases,orclauses
Canyouidentifytheminpara.1,2,8and9?
.(3)Theuseoffigurativelanguage
Let’sfocusonpara.9.
Mandela’selegantstyleofwriting
.Parallelism(inpara.1,2,8and9)
1)Icouldnowspendthedayreading,writingletters,discussingissueswithmycomrades,orpreparinglegaldocuments.(para.1)
2)Onecanfeelfulfilledbywashingone’sclothessothattheyareparticularlyclean,bysweepingahallwaysothatitisemptyofdust,byorganizingone’scell…(para.2)
3)Toplantaseed,watchitgrow,totenditandthenharvestit,offeredasimplebutenduringsatisfaction.(para.8)
4)Theymustmindtheirwork,trytodrivebackenemies,savewhatcanbesaved,andeliminatewhatcannotsucceed.(para.9)
Background
Pleaserevisethefollowingsentences
intoparallelstructures.
e.g.
BoyScouts(童子军)atthecampcanlearncooking,canoeing,swimming,orhowtomakeropes.
BoyScoutsatthecampcanlearncooking,canoeing,swimming,orrope-making.
Pleaserevisethefollowingsentencesintoparallelstructures.
1.Thestudentsoftenstudylonghours,getlimitedsleep,andupagainwiththesunrise.
2.Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod,whilenowthelaboratorymethodisemployed.
3.It’satimenotforwords,butaction.
1.Thestudentsoftenstudylonghours,getlimitedsleep,andupagainwiththesunrise.
ThestudentsNon-traditionalstudentoftenstudylonghours,getlimitedsleep,andareupagainwiththesunrise.
2.Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod,whilenowthelaboratorymethodisemployed.
Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod;nowitistaughtbythelaboratorymethod.
3.It’satimenotforwords,butaction.It’satimenotforwords,butforaction.
Theuseoffigurativelanguage(inpara.9):
1)Leadersmustalsolookaftertheirgardens;they,too,plantseeds,andthenwatch,cultivate,andharvesttheresults.(metaphor,para.9)
2)Likegardeners,leadersmusttakeresponsibilityforwhattheycultivate…(simile,para.9)
PartI:
MainIdea
(ListentoPara.1andanswerthefollowingquestions.)
OWhatdoes“liberating”mean?
Whatdoesthiswordsuggestabouthisprisonlifesofar?
OWhatwerehissurvivingstrategiesinprison?
Whatdidtheyshowabouthischaracter?
Text
Analysis
Theendofmanuallaborwasliberating.
(para.1)
Mandelaistalkingaboutforcedlabor.Hefeltliberatedafterthemanuallaborhadbeenended.
Thepresentparticipleoftheverbisusedasanadjectivetoexpresstheideaof“makingsbfeelliberated”.
PartI:
SentenceParaphrase
Theendofmanuallaborwasliberating.(L2,Para.1)
TextAnalysis
Paraphrasing:
Thearrangementnotonlyfreedtheprisonersfromhardmanuallabor.Theynowhadtimeandenergyforthingstheywereunabletodointhepast.
.liberate
.1.tofreesomeonefromsththatmaketheirlifeunhappyordifficult
.liberatesomebodyfromsomething
.E.g.Writingpoemsliberatedherfromthe
routineofeverydaylife.
.theliberatingpowerofeducation
.2.tofreeprisoners,acity,acountryetcfromsomeone'scontrol:
.E.g.Afewdayslater,ourarmiesliberatedthecity.
Inearly1977,theauthoritiesannouncedtheendofmanuallabor…sowecouldspendourdaysinoursection.(L1,Para.1)
.“announcedtheendofmanuallabor”:
.Inthepast,MandelaandotherpoliticalprisonerslockeduponRobbenIslandweremadetoworkinaquarry(['kwɒrɪ],采石场)cuttingstones,whichwasveryhardmanuallabor.
.“sowecouldspendourdaysinoursection”:
.sowecouldworknearourcellsdoingcomparativelylightwork.“Section"herereferstothepartofprisonwhereMandelaandotherpoliticalprisonerswerekept.
Let’sreviewthevocabulary.
Inearly1977,theauthoritiesannouncedtheendofmanuallabor…sowecouldspendourdaysinoursection.(L1,Para.1)
.Inthepast,MandelaandotherpoliticalprisonerslockeduponRobbenIslandweremadetoworkinaquarry(['kwɒrɪ],采石场)cuttingstones,whichwas
veryhardmanuallabor.
Lesson7–Mandela’sGarden
RobbenIslandAsmallislandoffCapeTown
PrisononRobbenIslandwithMaximumSecurity
MandelaandotherpoliticalprisonerslockeduponRobbenIslandweremadetoworkinaquarrycuttingstones.
.Duringhisyearsinprison,Nelson
Mandela'sreputationgrewsteadily.
.Hewaswidelyacceptedasthemost
significantblackleaderinSouthAfrica
andbecamethesymbolofresistanceas
theanti-apartheidmovementgathered
strength.
.Heconsistentlyrefusedtocompromise
hispoliticalpositiontoobtainhis
freedom.
NelsonMandelawasreleasedonFebruary18,1990.
Afterhisrelease,hedevotedhimselfwholeheartedly
intohiswork,strivingtoattainthegoalsheand
hiscomradeshadsetoutalmostfourdecades
earlier.
.…arrangedworkforustodo…(L1,Para.1)
.arrangesthforsb:
makeitpossibleforsbtodoit
.E.g.I’vearrangedthehotelforyou.
.arrangeforsbtodosth
.E.g.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldarrangeforme
toseesomeofmyoldfriendsduringmystayin
China.
.Iwillarrangeforsomeonetotakeyouaround.
.arrangetodosomething
.E.g.HaveyouarrangedtomeetMarkthisweekend?
.arrangeaneventormeeting
.E.g.Shehasarrangedanappointmentat4:
15.
…topursuewhatbecametwoofmyfavoritehobbiesonRobbenIsland.(L5,Para.1)
.pursue:
.tocontinuedoinganactivityortryingtoachievesomethingoveralongperiodoftime
.E.g.Sheplanstopursueacareerinpolitics.
.pursueagoal/aimetc
PartII:
MainIdea
(ListentoPara.2-7andanswerthefollowingquestions.)
OWherewasthegardenlocated?
OWhydidhegivesomeofhisharveststothewarders?
Whydidheenjoygardening?
.Mandelatellsreadershehaswelladaptedhimselftothelifeinprison.Andthesmallthingsinsideprisonarealsoasourceofhis
pride.
.Gardeninghasalreadybecomeakindofsurvivalstrategy.
.Gardeninggiveshimsatisfaction,offersatasteoffreedom,andmakeshimstrongphysicallyandmentally.Itisawaytodefy
(挑战,对抗)theenemy’sattempttocrushhimspiritually.
Tosurviveinprison,onemustdevelopwaystotakesatisfactioninone’sdailylife.(L1,Para.2)
PartI:
SentenceParaphrase
Paraphrasing:
Onemustfindwaystoenjoyone’sdailylifetolivethroughtheharshlifeinprison.
Tosurviveinprisononemustdevelopwaystotakesatisfactioninone’sdailylife.(L1,Para.2)
.usefulcollocations:
.get/obtain/derivesatisfactionfrom
.takesatisfactionin
.withgreatsatisfaction
onecanfeelfulfilledby…sothatitisemptyofdust,byorganizingone’scelltosaveasmuchspaceaspossible.(L2,Para.2)
.feelfulfilled:
.feelhappyandsatisfiedbecauseyouaredoingusefulorimportantthings
.emptyofsth.:
.completelywithoutsth.
.E.g.Thestreetwasemptyoftraffic.
.Therestaurantwasalwaysemptyofcustomers.
fulfill
Trytomemorizethecollocations.
.履行诺言
fulfillapromise
.满足需要﹑符合理想
.fulfillaneed,dream
.履行职责﹑服从命令﹑履行义务.
fulfilladuty,acommand,anobligation
…theygavein.(L3,Para.3)
theyunwillinglyagreed.
.givein(tosb/sth)
.allowoneselftobedefeatedorovercome(bysb/sth)
(向某人[某事物])屈服,让步,投降:
.叛乱者被迫投降.
.Therebelswereforcedtogivein.
.当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象.
.Theauthoritiesshowednosignsofgivingin
tothekidnapper'sdemands.
…Iwasamineratheart.(L3,Para.4)
.atheart
.inone'srealnature;basically内心里;基本上:
.E.g.Peoplesaythatinspiteofhisacademicsuccess,heisafarmeratheart.
.Evenattheageofeighty,heisyoungatheart.
hardyplants(L2,Para.5)
.plantsthatcanlivethroughdifficultconditions,suchasacoldwinteroradroughtWhileIhavealwaysenjoyedgardening,itwasnotuntilIwasbehindbarsthatIwasabletotendmyowngarden.(L1,Para.6)
.while:
although
.bebehindbars:
beinprison
.Howtoparaphrasethissentence?
.AlthoughIhavealwayslovedgardening,Ididn’thaveagardenofmyownuntilIwasinprison.
throughtrialanderror(L2,Para.7)
.trialanderror:
.processofsolvingaproblembytryingvarioussolutionsandlearningfromone'sfailures
.反覆试验,从失败中找出解决办法
.E.g.learnbytrialanderror
PartIII:
MainIdea(Para.8-11)
Whataspectsoflifewerediscussedassimilartohisgardeningexperienceinprison?
Whydidheburythedeadplantinthecornerofthegarden?
HowdidhefeelabouthisrelationshipwithWinnie?
Text
Analysis
Whataspectsoflifewerediscussedassimilarto
hisgardeningexperienceinprison?
.Mandelacomparesthegardenwithleader’spoliticalcause.Inparticular,hecompareshisgardeningwithhisresponsibilityinthe
revolutionarycause.
.Likeingardening,inhisstruggleasarevolutionaryleader,healsohastoplantseeds,cultivate,takecareofthefruittreeshehasplanted,untilintheendheharveststheresult.Bothoftheminvolve
care,cultivationandharvest.
.Theonlydifferenceisthattheyhavedifferentsoil.Forgardeners,theyworkonsoil,whereasforleaders,thesoilisthepoliticalcause.
enduringsatisfaction(L2,Para.8)satisfactionthatlastsforaverylongtime
.morecollocations:
.enduringcharm/memory/popula
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