学年高考英语大题精做03主旨大意题新人教版.docx
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学年高考英语大题精做03主旨大意题新人教版.docx
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学年高考英语大题精做03主旨大意题新人教版
主旨大意题
【题型突破】
主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
根据多年的备考及高考实践,这类题目考查的范围是:
基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
选择"主题"旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨,通常用词、短语或句子来概括。
常见的提问方式有:
1.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?
2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?
3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
4.Thistextmainlytellsus________.
5.Thispassagemainlydealswith_________.
6.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_________.
选择标题题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。
通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当,用词简短、精练。
常见的提问方式有:
1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?
3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe________.
4.Thetopicofthispassageis_________.
不管是选择"主题"还是选择"标题",实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容,找出贯穿语篇的主线;不管是何种体裁的文章,总是围绕一个主题来展开的。
在试题设计上,3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及,但并非主要内容,需要注意甄别。
规律方法1:
如何精确归纳标题?
1、利用主题段来概括标题
主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段,一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题,知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心,把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。
2、利用主题句来概括标题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句,要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
通过寻找文章的主题句,并对主题句进行概括和提炼,从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时,要避免以下三种错误:
(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体,从而缩小了范围);
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);
(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。
规律方法2:
如何概括文章大意?
1.做概括文章大意题时,有效的方法就是辨认主题句。
主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点,文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。
若文章无主题句,这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳,从而概括出文章大意。
2.在选择答案时,根据自己总结的大意,就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
规律方法3:
如何总结段落大意?
段落大意即某一段的中心思想,通常中心思想会在首句体现出来,这就是常说的段落主题句。
主题句具有鲜明的概括性,句子结构简单,段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。
主题句通常位于段首,也可位于段尾、段中。
有时作者没有写出明显的主题句,要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。
Passage1(2017·新课标卷III,D)
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老司机将来可以延长驾龄
334
★★★☆☆
7分钟
TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed"DriveLAB"inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.
Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.
LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.
Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:
"Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers."
"Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto."
DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains:
"TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.
"Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We’relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.
"Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel."
32.WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?
A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.
B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.
C.Tofindoutolderdriver’sproblems.
D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.
33.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?
A.Itkeepsthemindependent.
B.Ithelpsthemsavetime.
C.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.
D.Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.
34.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?
A.Improvetheirdrivingskills.
B.Developdriver-assisttechnologies.
C.Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.
D.Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.
35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.AnewModelElectricCar
B.ASolutiontoTrafficProblems
C.DrivingServicesforElders
D.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad
Passage1(2017·新课标卷I,C)
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爵士乐的衰落
340
★★★☆☆
8分钟
Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.
Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.
It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.
“Jazzseemslikeit’snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio’sreporterNealConan.“WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It’sactuallycolor,andit’sactuallydigital.”
Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.
Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller’smusicforadanceparty,“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,”saysMoran.“Forme,it’stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?
Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?
Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”
28.WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?
A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.
B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.
C.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.
D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?
A.Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.
B.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.
C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.
D.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.
30.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?
A.Itwilldisappeargradually.
B.Itremainsblackandwhite.
C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.
D.Itchangesevery50years.
31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.ExploringtheFutureofJazz
B.TheRiseandFallofJazz
C.TheStoryofaJazzMusician
D.CelebratingtheJazzDay
Passage2(2017·新课标卷II,C)
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飞车的历史由来及其构架
316
★★★☆☆
7分钟
TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition–hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.
Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.
Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.
MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugia
saysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.
28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?
A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.
B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.
C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.
C.ThedesignersoftheTransition.
29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?
A.Itcauserstrafficjams.
B.Itisdifficulttooperate.
C.Itisveryexpensive.
D.Itburnstoomuchfuel.
30.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?
A.CautiousB.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.
31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.FlyingCaratAutoShow
B.TheTransition’sFirstFlight
C.Pilots’DreamComingTrue
D.FlyingCarClosertoReality
Passage4(2016·新课标卷III,D)
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好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快
346
★★★☆☆
6分钟
Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsa
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