非谓语动词有只接doing-和to-do的所有动词.ppt
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非谓语动词有只接doing-和to-do的所有动词.ppt
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1.什么是非谓语动词?
在句中除了谓语动词之外的动词谓语动词:
用来描述主语的动作、状态或性质的动词2.非谓语动词的形式是什么?
1)不定式(todo)2)动名词(doing/V-ing)3)分词现在分词(doing/V-ing)过去分词(done/V-ed),非谓语动词三种形式不同的时态和语态:
动名词,非谓语,时态和语态,todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,doing,havingdone,doing,havingdone,tobedone,tohavebeendone,beingdone,havingbeendone,tobebeingdone几乎不用,beingdone,havingbeendone,done,3.什么是逻辑主语?
逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者步骤:
先找谓语动词,再找非谓语动词,最后找逻辑主语1TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2Thepresidentistovisitourschoolnextmonth.3Thenewsisexciting.4Theyaresatisfiedwithouranswers.5SmithdemandedtoknowifIhadhadajobbefore.6Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.,3.什么是逻辑主语?
先找谓语动词,再找非谓语动词,最后找逻辑主语1TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2Thepresidentistovisitourschoolnextmonth.3Thenewsisexciting.4Theyaresatisfiedwithouranswers.5SmithdemandedtoknowifIhadhadajobbefore.6Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.,3.什么是逻辑主语?
逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者1TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2Thepresidentistovisitourschoolnextmonth.3Thenewsisexciting.4Theyaresatisfiedwithouranswers.5SmithdemandedtoknowifIhadhadajobbefore.6Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.,3.什么是逻辑主语?
逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者1TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2Thepresidentistovisitourschoolnextmonth.3Thenewsisexciting.4Theyaresatisfiedwithouranswers.5SmithdemandedtoknowifIhadhadajobbefore.6Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.,3.什么是逻辑主语?
逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者1TovisitChinaismynextgoal.2Thepresidentistovisitourschoolnextmonth.3Thenewsisexciting.4Theyaresatisfiedwithouranswers.5SmithdemandedtoknowifIhadhadajobbefore.6Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.,3.什么是逻辑主语?
逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者TovisitChinaismynextgoal.Thepresidentistovisitourschoolnextmonth.Thenewsisexciting.Theyaresatisfiedwithouranswers.SmithdemandedtoknowifIhadhadajobbefore.Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.,3.什么是逻辑主语?
逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者TovisitChinaismynextgoal.Thepresidentistovisitourschoolnextmonth.Thenewsisexciting.Theyaresatisfiedwithouranswers.SmithdemandedtoknowifIhadhadajobbefore.Theyallavoidedmentioningthatname.,Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.走进教室,我发现里面没人。
entering的逻辑主语是I,相当于whenIenteredtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.,【误】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.(lookingoutthroughthewindow的逻辑主语是thegarden,显然不对)【正】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.从窗户看出去,我们看见一个漂亮的花园。
【误】Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.(逻辑主语是dog,它不会看晚报)【正】Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.我看着晚报的时候,一只狗开始叫起来。
1.a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly.2.a.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.b.Enteringtheclassroom,nobodywasfoundinit.,Choosethecorrectsentence.,3.a.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.b.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.4.a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.,1.Weoftenhearher_(sing)thissong.(singthissong的逻辑主语是“她”)2.Weoftenhearthissong_(sing).(逻辑主语“thissong”和宾语补足语“唱”的关系是被动,所以用-ing形式的被动式或-ed分词。
)3.Hisfatherdied,_(leave)himalotofmoney.他父亲去世了,留给他许多钱。
(=.andlefthimalotofmoney),singing,(being)sung,leaving,功能,非谓语动词,非谓语动词句法功能比较:
非谓语动词可充当除谓语外的所有句子成分,注意:
分词不能做主语和宾语,动名词不能做宾补和状语。
考点一:
不定式,现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别:
1)Hearrivedthere,only_themeetingwasover.A.tobetoldB.beingtoldC.totellD.tohavebeentold2)Therainlastedaweek,_greatdamage.A.tocauseB.causedC.causingD.tohavingcaused,A,C,不定式作状语:
todo表示主动和将来(目的、意想不到的结果);现在分词作状语:
doing表示主动和同时进行(自然而然的结果);过去分词作状语:
done表示被动和完成,2.分词作状语:
P171b点源于系表结构的。
例如:
beseatedon坐着;behiddenin躲藏;belostin迷路;bedrunkin喝醉;bedressedon/in穿着bedevotedtobeaimedat.(高考中常出现于非谓语句型)1)_(dress)onthenewcloth,shefeelssatisfied.2)_(devote)totheteachingcaree,hedidnthaveenoughtimetostaywithhisfamily.3)_(absorb)inreading,wealldidnthearthesound.,3.高中阶段有一些固定的分词或不定式短语作状语,构成独立主格结构,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。
这种结构可当作一个插入语。
如:
generallyspeaking,judgingfrom/by.,considering.,tobeginwith,totellyouthetruth,supposing.等,Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsciencethangirls.。
Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustcomefromCanada.Consideringhowpoorhewas,wedecidedtolethimattendtheconcertforfree.Supposingitrainswhatwillyoudo?
Comparedwiththeoldhouse,thenewhouseisbigger.,独立主格结构:
特点:
1)2)3)P171构成:
n/代词+todo/doing/done/adj/adv/介短eg:
Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.,考点:
非谓语动词,4独立主格结构Thelastbus_(go),wehadtowalkhome.末班车已经开走了,我们不得不走回家。
(go的逻辑主语是thelastbus,而不是we)Time_(permit),thefootballmatchwillbeplayedonFriday.天气允许的话,足球赛将在周五举行。
(permit的逻辑主语是time,而不是thefootballmatch),havinggone,permitting,考点二不定式,动名词和分词作定语的区别:
Conclusion:
不定式作定语表将来;动名词作定语表用途;现在分词作定语表示主动和正在进行的动作;过去分词作定语表示动作被动或完成。
考点三.不定式,现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别:
Conclusion:
不定式作宾补表示将来或整个过程的完成,与逻辑主语构成主动关系;现在分词作宾补表示正在进行,与逻辑主语构成主动关系;过去分词作宾补表示动作完成,与逻辑主语构成被动关系。
1.省略不定式符号to的形式:
感官动词:
see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,hear,feel.使役动词:
make,let,have.注:
在被动语态中,to要还原:
常考的三种省不定式to的情况:
1.Iveheardhim_aboutyouoften.spokeB.speaksC.speak2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry,2.固定结构:
hadbetterdosth.wouldratherdosth.cannot(help/choose)butdosth.candonothingbutdosth.havenothingtodobutdosth.,3.当两个不定式and,or,expect,but,than或ratherthan连接起来时,第二个不定式符号省略。
4do/did/doesnothing/anything/everythingbut(except)动词原形;如果谓语动词不是do/did/does,but(except)所跟的不定式须带to。
(有do无to,无do有to)P1733点5Whynot动词原形,Iwouldrather_(go)swimming.Youhadbetter_(tidy)yourbedroom.Whynot_(visit)yourcousininJapan?
go,tidy,visit,Shetoldme_(be)cheerfuland_(look)onthebrightside.Wehadnothing_(do)but_(watch)TV.,tobe,look,todo,watch,1.Tellhim_thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow,练习,只接动名词(doing)作宾语的动词主要有:
只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(口诀):
建议冒险去献身,忍受期待不停顿;放弃延期悔失去,坚持欣赏实践成;注意原谅避反对,考虑要求不自禁;允许习惯不介意,价值开始想动名。
常见只接doing作宾语的动词和短语有:
admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免allow/permit允许bear忍受consider考虑canthelp情不自禁,cantstand受不了delay耽搁dislike嫌恶deny拒绝enjoy喜欢escape逃避/避免excuse原谅envy嫉妒excuse借口fancy幻想feellike想要finish完成forgive原谅imagine设想include包括keep保持keeponmention提及mind介意miss错过/想念putoff推迟practice练习putoff推迟pardon原谅resist抵制risk冒险suggest、advise建议quit、giveup放弃,考点四.动名词和不定式作宾语的区别:
只接动名词(doing)作宾语的动词词组主要有beopposedto反对beusedto习惯berelatedto与有关beworth值得burstoutcrying/laughing突然大哭/大笑,beequalto胜任contributeto贡献devoteoneselfto献身于getcloseto靠近,getdownto着手做giveriseto引起leadto导致lookforwardto盼望objectto反对stickto,insiston坚持setabout开始做payattentionto注意putonesmindto全神贯注于turnto转为做注意:
to既可以是介词,介词to后需接doing形式。
也可以是不定式符号,不定式符号to后接动词原形;,Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.,1.你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。
2.约翰已承认了打碎窗子。
4.我盼望今年暑假见到你。
3.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。
Youmustgetusedtowashingyourfacewithcoldwater.,Johnhasadmittedtobreakingthewindow.,Imlookingforwardtoseeingyouthissummervacation.,Practice,Itsnouse/good_(argue)withhim.Itisgreatfun_(sail)aboat.,arguing,sailing,练习,只接doing形式的句型:
Itisnouse/nogood/useless/fun/foolish/awasteoftime/worth+doing,只接doing形式的句型
(1)Thereisnogood/point/sense/harmdoingsth.做某事没用(不好/没意义/没有害处)
(2)havedifficulty/trouble/problems/ahardtime/agoodtime/fun(in)doing(3)spend/waste/losetime(in)doingsth.(4)Thereisnodoingsth.(thereisno表“不可能”),想要干:
want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,claim,wouldlike/love,desire,swear早打算:
plan,prepare,mean,arrange同意否:
agree,promise,undertake,offer,choose,refuse,afford问问看:
ask(asktodo要求做),beg,2动名词和不定式作宾语的区别:
2)只接不定式todo作宾语的动词(口诀助记)如下:
决定了:
decide,determine,makeuponesmind,bedetermined尽力干:
try,manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive,attempt不关心:
care别装蒜:
pretend【注意】口诀内的动词后跟动词不定式,几乎都有将来意味。
1.Pleaseremember_(hand)inyourhomeworktomorrow.2.Heremembered_(lock)thedoor.Hewasnotworried.3.Heforgot_(tell)methenews.SoIdidntknow.4.Heforgot_(tell)methenews.Hetoldmeagain.,tohand,locking,totell,telling,练习,3)有些动词既可接不定式又可接动名词,意义差别不大,like,hate,begin,start,prefer,continue【注意】如果这几个动词前有should/would,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词,如:
Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow.,4)有些动词既可接不定式又可接动名词,意义差别很大,比如:
try,mean,forget,remember,regret,stop,goon,propose,canthelptrytodo:
努力做trydoing:
尝试做meantodo:
打算做meandoing:
意味着做forget,remember,regret接todo是将要去做,接doing是已经做过,stop,goon接todo是做另一件事,接doing是做同一件事proposetodo打算(要做某事)proposedoing建议(做某事)canthelpdoing情不自禁做canthelptpdo不能帮助做,1.Whenhesawme,hestopped_(say)hellotome.2.Whenhesawhismother,thebabystopped_(cry).3.Itwasraininghard,buthewenton_(work)inthefields.4.Hewenton_(do)anotherexperiment.,tosay,crying,working,todo,toimprove,eating,toclean,carry,crying,1.Hetried_(improve)hisappearanceinordertogetapartinthefilm.2.Hetried_(eat)lesstoloseweightafterhefailedbyrunningfivekilometersaday.3.Shecanthelp_(clean)thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.4.Icanthelpto_(carry)theboxforyou,asImtootired.5.Icanthelp_(cry).,考点五动名词和不定式作主语的区别:
Playingbadmintonismydailytaskintheafternoon.,Toplaybadmintonismytaskintheafternoontoday.,不定式,动名词和分词作表语的区别:
Conclusion:
不定式作表语表示将来的,一次性的或具体的动作;动名词作表语表经常的,抽象的或泛指的动作;现在分词作表语表示主语(物)的性质或特性;(令人)过去分词作表语构成系表结构表示主语(人)的(心理)状态。
(对感到),Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremoved.看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动了。
四、Ved与V-ing作表语的区别,V-ed形式:
表示人的心理感觉或所处的状态“感到.的”V-ing形式:
多表示物具有的特征“令人.的”,解题步骤,找谓语动词,划非谓语;确定非谓语动词的句子成份,找逻辑主语;与逻辑主语比主被动,确定语态;与谓语比先后,确定时态。
过去分词或分词短语作状语相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件:
1.Whenhewasquestioned,hekeptsilent.When_,hek
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